He aha te Tātari Hononga?
Ko te tātari hononga he tikanga tatauranga e whakamahia ana hei ine i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua, neke atu rānei. I roto i te horopaki o ngā raraunga me te rangahau, he maha ngā wā ka hiahia ngā kairangahau ki te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi e akohia ana e rātou. Hei tauira, tera pea ka hiahia tetahi kairangahau ōhanga ki te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te moni whiwhi me te whakapaunga a te kaihoko, tera pea ka hiahia tetahi tohunga hinengaro ki te tirotiro i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taumata ahotea me te hua o te mahi.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Tātari Hononga
Ka ine te hononga i te ahunga me te kaha o te hononga rārangi i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua. E toru ngā momo hononga matua ka taea:
1. Hononga Pai: Ina piki tetahi taurangi, ka piki anō hoki tetahi atu taurangi.
2. Hononga Kino: Ina piki tetahi taurangi, ka heke te taurangi kē atu.
3. Kāore he Hononga: Kāore he tauira mārama i roto i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua.
Mā te pāngarau, ka whakaatuhia te kaha me te ahunga o tētahi hononga hei tauwehenga hononga, e ahu mai ana i te -1 ki te 1. Ko te tauwehenga hononga pai e tata ana ki te 1 e tohu ana i tētahi whanaungatanga pai kaha, ko te tauwehenga kino e tata ana ki te -1 e tohu ana i tētahi whanaungatanga kino kaha. Ko te uara o te 0 e tohu ana kāore he whanaungatanga rārangi.
Ngā Momo Tauwehenga Hononga
He maha ngā momo taunga taunga e whakamahia whānuitia ana, he rerekē ngā whakamahinga o ia momo taunga i runga i te momo me te āhua o ngā raraunga e tātarihia ana. Ko ētahi o ngā momo taunga taunga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
1. Tauwehenga Taurite Pearson
Ko te Pearson Correlation Coefficient te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, e ine ana i te whanaungatanga rārangi i waenga i ngā taurangi tonu e rua. Ko te tātai ko:
\[ r = \frac{n(\tapeke xy) – (\tapeke x)(\tapeke y)}{\sqrt{[n\tapeke x^2 – (\tapeke x)^2][n\tapeke y^2 – (\tapeke y)^2]}} \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te \( n \) te maha o ngā takirua raraunga,
– Ko te \( \sum xy \) te tapeke o ngā whakareatanga i waenga i ngā takirua raraunga,
– Ko \( \sum x \) me \( \sum y \) ngā tapeke o ia taurangi,
– Ko \( \tāpui x^2 \) me \( \tāpui y^2 \) ngā tapeke o ngā tapawhā o ia taurangi.
2. Tauwehenga Taurite Spearman
Ka whakamahia te tauwehenga taunga Spearman ina kore-raina ngā raraunga e tātarihia ana, ina rānei he raraunga raupapa (raraunga ka taea te whakarite). Ka ine a Spearman i te ōritetanga o te whakatauranga i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua. Ka tatauhia mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ r_s = 1 – \frac{6\tāpeke d^2}{n(n^2 – 1)} \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te \( d \) te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā rarangi o ngā kitenga e rua,
– Ko te \( n \) te maha o ngā kitenga.
3. Te Taurite Hononga a Kendall
Ko te Taurite Taurite a Kendall tētahi atu huarahi hei whakamahi i ngā raraunga raupapa, ā, he mea whai hua ki te ine i te whanaungatanga pūmau i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua. Ko te tātai:
\[ \tau = \frac{(Tau\, o\, ōrite\, takirua) – (Tau\, o\, rerekē\, takirua)}{n(n-1)/2} \]
Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Taupānga o te Tātari Hononga
E whakamahia ana te tātari hononga i roto i ngā momo mara pēnei i te ōhanga, te hinengaro, te pāpori, te koiora, me te maha atu. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā tono mahi ko:
1. Ōhanga
I roto i te ōhanga, ka taea te whakamahi i te tātari hononga hei matapae i te hononga o tētahi taurangi ōhanga, pērā i te pikinga utu, ki tētahi atu taurangi, pērā i te reiti kore mahi, te tipu ōhanga rānei. Hei tauira, ko te hononga i waenga i ngā reiti huamoni me te haumitanga pakihi.
2. Hinengaro
I roto i te hinengaro, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā kairangahau te tātari hononga hei mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi hinengaro. Hei tauira, te kimi i te hononga i waenga i ngā taumata ahotea o te tangata me te harikoa, i waenga rānei i ngā tikanga moe me te whakatutukitanga mātauranga.
3. Ahuwhenua
I roto i te ahuwhenua, ka taea e te tātari hononga te āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu me ngā kaipūtaiao ki te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi pēnei i te whakamahinga tongi me ngā hua o te hua. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakatau pai ake mō ngā mahi ahuwhenua.
4. Hauora
I roto i te pūtaiao hauora, he maha ngā wā ka tūhuratia te hononga i waenga i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea pēnei i te momi hikareti me te mate ngakau. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te whakatakoto i ngā taunakitanga me ngā kaupapa here hauora e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga.
Ngā Painga me ngā Here o te Tātari Hononga
Te taikaha
1. Māmā noa iho: He tino ngāwari ki te mārama me te whakatinana.
2. Whai Hua: Ka taea te whakahaere tere mō ngā raraunga nui.
3. Ngā Matapae Tuatahi: Ka whakarato i ngā māramatanga tuatahi ki ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi ka taea te tūhura atu.
Ngā Here
1. Kāore e Whakaatu i te Hononga Taketake: Kāore te hononga e tohu ana i te hononga take. Ka taea te hono nui i ngā taurangi e rua me te kore tetahi e whakararu i tetahi.
2. Te Awe o ngā Taurangi Huna: Tērā pea ka awehia te hononga i waenga i ngā taurangi e rua e ētahi atu taurangi kāore i tātarihia.
3. Ngā Here o ngā Momo Raraunga: Kāore e tika ana ngā momo raraunga katoa mō ngā momo hononga katoa. Hei tauira, kāore a Pearson e tika ana mō ngā raraunga raupapa.
Whakamutunga
He taputapu tatauranga kaha te tātari hononga hei mārama ki ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi i roto i ngā momo mara ako. He mea nui te mārama pai ki te ariā kei muri i ngā taurangi hononga me tā rātou tono mahi hei whakanui ake i ngā painga o tēnei tikanga. Ahakoa ōna herenga, pērā i te kore e whakamana i ngā whanaungatanga take, ko te tātari hononga tonu te taahiraa tuatahi matua ki te tūhura i ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi i mua i te neke atu ki ngā tātaritanga uaua ake.
