Te Ariā Taunekeneke Tohu i roto i te Hapori
Ko te Taunekeneke Tohu he tirohanga matua i roto i te hapori pāpori e tūhura ana i te taunekeneke me te waihanga tikanga a te tangata takitahi mā roto i ngā tohu me te reo i roto i ngā horopaki pāpori. I whakaurua tuatahitia tēnei ariā e George Herbert Mead, ā, i muri mai ka whakawhanakehia e Herbert Blumer. Ko te arotahi matua o te taunekeneke tohu ko te tukanga tikanga, te taunekeneke pāpori, me te awe o te tangata takitahi tetahi ki tetahi i roto i te hapori.
Ngā Takenga Mai me te Whanaketanga
Ko George Herbert Mead te tangata nāna i whakatakoto te turanga mō te taunekeneke tohu. I tautohe ia ko te "whaiaro" tangata ka whanake mā roto i ngā taunekeneke pāpori e whakamahi ana i te reo me ngā tohu. Ko ngā takoha nui a Mead ko ngā ariā o te "Au" me te "Au." Ko te "Au" te āhuatanga ohorere o te whaiaro e puta mai ana i roto i te taunekeneke, ko te "Au" ia ko te whakaata pāpori o te whaiaro, i ahu mai i ngā tikanga me ngā uara pāpori.
Nō muri mai, i whakawhanakehia e Herbert Blumer, he tauira nā Mead, tēnei ariā, ā, i tapaina hoki e ia ko te Symbolic Interactionism. E toru ngā kaupapa matua o tēnei ariā i whakatakotoria e Blumer:
1. Ka mahi te tangata ki tētahi mea i runga i te tikanga o taua mea.
2. I ahu mai te tikanga i ngā taunekeneke pāpori me ētahi atu tāngata, i ahu mai rānei i ēnei.
3. Ka whakarerekētia, ka whakarerekētia rānei te tikanga mā te tukanga whakamaoritanga e mahia ana e ngā tāngata takitahi i roto i te taunekeneke.
Ngā Ariā Matua i roto i te Taunekeneke Tohu
1. Te tikanga
He mea nui te tikanga i roto i te ariā taunekeneke tohu. Ka whakawhiwhia e te tangata te tikanga ki ngā mea, ki ngā kaupapa, me ngā tāngata i runga i ō rātou wheako me ngā taunekeneke. Hei tauira, he maha ngā tikanga o tētahi mea noa pēnei i te mowhiti. Ki tētahi tangata, he tohu pea te mowhiti i te here marena; ki tētahi atu, he whakapaipai noa iho.
2. Te Taunekeneke Hapori
Ko te taunekeneke pāpori e pā ana ki te tukanga e mahi ai, e tauhohe ai te tangata tetahi ki tetahi. Ka taea tēnei te puta i roto i ngā momo āhua, ā-waha, ā-kore-waha hoki. E whakanui ana te taunekeneke tohu mā tēnei taunekeneke ka hangaia, ka whakarerekētia hoki te tikanga. Hei tauira, i roto i te kōrero, ka whakarerekē tonu te tangata i ā rātou whanonga i runga i ngā tauhohenga a ētahi atu, ka hangaia he tukanga hihiri.
3. Tukanga Whakamārama
Ko te tukanga whakamaori e pā ana ki te mārama me te whakarerekē i te tikanga mā roto i ō rātou ake whakaaro. He tukanga hohe e tātarihia ai, e whakatikatikahia ai, e whakahouhia ai hoki te tikanga e ngā tāngata i runga i te āhuatanga tūturu me te horopaki pāpori. Kei roto hoki i tēnei tukanga te mahi whakaari, e ngana ai ngā tāngata ki te tiro i te āhuatanga mai i te tirohanga a tētahi atu tangata kia pai ake ai te mārama me te whakautu tika.
4. Whaiaro
Ko te ariā o te whaiaro, e ai ki a Mead rāua ko Blumer, he tauira pai rawa atu o te mahi a te tikanga me te taunekeneke pāpori. Kua wehea te whaiaro ki "Au" me "Au", ko "Au" te taha o roto, te taha whaiaro, me te taha auaha o te whaiaro, ko "Au" ia e tohu ana i te whaiaro e kitea ana, e aromatawaitia ana e ētahi atu, i runga i ngā taunekeneke pāpori.
Te Whakamahinga o te Taunekeneke Tohu
Kua whakamahia te ariā taunekeneke tohu i roto i ngā momo mara o te pāpori, pērā i te ako i te tuakiri, te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā umanga pāpori, me te tātari i ngā taunekeneke moroiti i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
1. Tuakiri me ngā Tūranga Hapori
He nui te awe o te taunekeneke tohu ki ngā rangahau mō te tuakiri. E kitea ana te tuakiri hei hanganga pāpori i hangaia, i whakaatahia hoki mā te taunekeneke. Hei tauira, ko te tuakiri ira tangata, te tuakiri iwi, te tuakiri iwi rānei, ehara i te mea he kāwai koiora pumau, engari he mea i hangaia, i puritia hoki mā roto i ngā taunekeneke o ia rā.
2. Mātauranga
I roto i te horopaki o te mātauranga, ka tūhuratia e te taunekeneke tohu te āhua o te hanga a ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā kaiako me ngā ākonga i te wheako mātauranga. He ariā matua te tapanga i konei. Hei tauira, ko te kaiako e kite ana i tētahi ākonga he "atamai" tera pea ka atawhai i taua ākonga i ngā huarahi e whakakaha ana i taua tuakiri, me te ritenga kē.
3. Te Taunekeneke a te Whānau
I roto i te rangahau i ngā whānau, ka āwhina te ariā taunekeneke tohu ki te mārama ki ngā whanaketanga o ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā mema o te whānau. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tohatoha o ngā tūranga me ngā tikanga motuhake ki ia mema o te whānau, me te taunekeneke a ēnei tāngata i roto i te taiao whānau.
4. Te Karaipiture
I roto i te mahi taihara, ko te ariā tapanga ingoa e ahu mai ana i te taunekeneke tohu. E kī ana tēnei ariā ka huri te tangata hei "kaihara" mā te tukanga tapanga ingoa e te hapori me ngā mana ture, e awe ana i te whakatau a te tangata ki te haere tonu, ki te whakamutu rānei i ngā whanonga hē.
Arotakenga mō te Taunekeneke Tohu
Ahakoa te whānui o te whakaae me te whakamahinga, kua whakahēngia anō hoki te ariā taunekeneke tohu. Ko ētahi o ngā whakahē matua ko:
1. Arotahi Rawa ki ngā Taunekeneke Iti: Ko te whakahē matua ko te aro nui o tēnei ariā ki ngā taunekeneke iti, me te kore e aro ki ngā hanganga pāpori whānui me ngā umanga nui e awe ana i ngā whanonga takitahi.
2. Te Kore o ngā Āhuatanga Matapae: E kī ana ētahi kairīti he iti noa ngā āhuatanga matapae o te taunekeneke tohu, ā, kāore i te tino pakari ki te matapae i ngā whanonga pāpori.
3. Te whakaaro takitahi: Nā te mea e aro nui ana tēnei ariā ki te tikanga takitahi me te whakamārama takitahi, e kī ana ētahi kairangahau ka kore pea e whai whakaaro takitahi te pūtaiao.
Te Katinga
He tirohanga nui tā te taunekeneke tohu hei mārama ki te taunekeneke me te hanga tikanga a te tangata i roto i ngā horopaki pāpori. Ahakoa ōna ngoikoretanga, he māramatanga nui tonu tā tēnei huarahi ki ngā momo mara o te pāpori. Mā te tikanga, te taunekeneke pāpori, me te tukanga whakamaori, ka whakakitea e te taunekeneke tohu te uauatanga o te oranga pāpori o ia rā, ā, ka whakarei ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā whanaketanga pāpori e hanga ana i ngā whanonga tangata.
