Te Ariā o te Mana i roto i ngā Whakahaere Hapori
Pendahuluan
Ko ngā whakahaere pāpori he hanganga e āhei ai ngā tāngata takitahi ki te mahi tahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whānui. I roto i tēnei anga, he mea nui te mana ki te pupuri i te aronga, te whakahaere i ngā mahi, me te whakarite kia maeneene ngā mahi. Ka āwhina te mana ki te waihanga i tētahi taiao tika e mārama ai te tautuhi i ngā tūranga me ngā mahi. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā o te mana i roto i ngā whakahaere pāpori, tae atu ki tōna whakamāramatanga, ngā momo mana, ngā pūtake o te mana, me ngā pānga mahi.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Mana
I roto i te horopaki o ngā whakahaere pāpori, ko te mana e mōhiotia ana, e whakaaetia ana hoki e ngā mema o te whakahaere ki te tuku whakahau, ki te whakatau rānei. He rerekē te mana i te mana nā te mea kua whakamanahia; ko te mana he mana e mōhiotia ana he tika, he whaitake hoki e te hunga me whakarongo ki a ia. I whakamārama a Max Weber, he tohunga pāpori rongonui, i te mana ko te tūponotanga ka whakarongohia tētahi tohutohu e tētahi rōpū tāngata.
Ngā momo Mana Whakahaere
E toru ngā momo mana matua i tautuhia e Max Weber: te mana tuku iho, te mana karismatika, me te mana ture-aroaro. He rerekē ngā huarahi o ia momo mana hei whakatū i tōna mana, ā, he māramatanga nui hoki mō te mahi a te mana i roto i ngā horopaki rerekē.
1. Mana Tuku Iho
Ko te mana tuku iho e ahu mai ana i ngā whakapono e piri ana ki ngā tikanga me ngā tikanga tuku iho o mua. He maha ngā wā ka kitea tēnei momo mana i roto i ngā hapori feudal, i ngā whakahaere rānei e whai pūtake hohonu ana ki ngā uara me ngā tikanga tawhito. Ko te mana o ngā kaiārahi i roto i te mana tuku iho ka tukuna iho i roto i ngā whakatipuranga.
2. Mana Karismatiki
Ko te mana karismatika e ahu mai ana i ngā āhuatanga whakamiharo o te tangata, e kitea ana e ōna akonga he mana me ngā pūkenga whakamiharo. He maha ngā wā ka kitea ngā kaiārahi karismatika he toa, he mesia rānei me te tirohanga ahurei. He kaha te whakaae ki te mana karismatika, ahakoa he wā poto noa iho mēnā ka nui rawa te whakawhirinaki ki te kaiārahi.
3. Mana Ture-Whakaaro
Ko te mana ture-whakaaro he momo mana hou e ahu mai ana i ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga ōkawa. I roto i tēnei momo mana, ka tukuna te mana e tētahi pūnaha ture kua tautuhia, ā, ka whakahaerehia i runga i ngā ture me ngā tikanga mārama. He mea noa tēnei momo mana i roto i ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga hou me ngā whakahaere pakihi nui e whakahaere ana i roto i ngā hanganga tari.
Ngā Pūtake o te Mana Whaimana
Ka taea te whakaata i te mana o te mana i roto i ngā momo āhua, ā, ka puta mai i ngā momo pūtake. Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e whakamana ana i te mana ko:
1. Ngā Ture me ngā Whakaritenga Whaimana
Mā ngā kaupapa here me ngā tikanga tuhituhi ka whakamanahia te mana. Mā ngā whakaritenga ture a te kāwanatanga, a te whakahaere, a te whare wānanga rānei ka whakaratohia he anga ture mō te whakamahi i te mana. Kei te piki haere te hiranga o tēnei pūnaha i roto i ngā hapori matatini o ēnei rā.
2. Ngā Tikanga me ngā Uara Hapori
Ko ngā uara ahurea, ngā tikanga tuku iho, me ngā tikanga pāpori e puritia ana i roto i te hapori ka whakamana i ngā kaiārahi, i ngā hanganga mana rānei. Ina whakaae, ina whakaute hoki ngā mema o te whakahaere i ēnei tikanga, ka whai mana te mana.
3. Ngā Whakatutukitanga me ngā Mahi
Ka taea e ngā whakatutukitanga me ngā mahi a tētahi kaiārahi, a tētahi whakahaere rānei te whakamahi hei pūtake o te mana. He maha ngā wā ka whiwhi ngā kaiārahi angitu i te mana me te whakawhirinaki mai i ō rātou akonga, ka whakapakari i tō rātou tūranga mana.
4. Whakawhirinaki
He mea nui anō hoki te whakawhirinakitanga i waenganui i ngā kaiārahi me ngā akonga. Ina kite ngā akonga he pono, he mātau, he pai hoki te whakaaro o te kaiārahi, ka ngāwari ake te whakaae ki tōna mana.
Ngā Pānga Whai Hua i roto i te Whakahaere Hapori
I roto i te mahi, ka awe te mana i ngā āhuatanga maha o te whakaritenga pāpori, mai i te hanganga whakahaere ki ngā mahi a te rōpū me te whakatau kaupapa. Ko ētahi o ngā pānga ko:
1. Te Wehenga o ngā Mahi me ngā Kawenga
Mā te mana whakahaere ka āwhina i te tautuhi me te tohatoha i ngā mahi me ngā kawenga i waenga i ngā mema o tētahi whakahaere. Mā te hanganga mārama ka taea te whai hua o te tohungatanga me te mahi tahi, ka piki ake te whai huatanga me te hua.
2. Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero me te Whakaritenga
Mā te mana whakahaere ka whai hua te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā tari rerekē, i ngā mema rānei o tētahi whakahaere. Mā ngā ara whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mārama ka tere ake te whakaoti rapanga me te whakatau kaupapa.
3. Te Pupuri i te Tikanga Whakahau
Mā te mana whai mana ka āwhina i te whakatinanatanga o ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga ā-roto. Mā te whakahaere pai i roto i tētahi whakahaere ka ārai i te ngangau, ā, ka pupuri i te tikanga.
4. Te Hihiri o ngā Mema o te Whakahaere
Mā te mana whai mana e kitea ai ka taea te whakanui ake i te hihiri o ngā mema o te whakahaere. Mā te mārama o ngā tūranga me ngā kawenga, me te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaiārahi, ka awe i te oranga me te mahi a te tangata takitahi.
Ngā Wero me ngā Āhuatanga o te Mana
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te mana whakahaere, he wero anō hoki kei mua i te kāreti. Ka pāngia te pumau me te whai huatanga o te mana whakahaere e te huringa pāpori, ngā uara e neke haere ana, me ngā whanaketanga ā-roto.
1. Te Ātete ki te Huringa
Ko ngā mema o te whakahaere kua taunga ki te tikanga tawhito, e whakaaro ana rānei kei te morearea ō rātou tika me ō rātou pānga, ka whakaatu pea i te ātete ki te mana hou, ki ngā ture hou rānei.
2. Pakanga ā-roto
Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga o ngā tirohanga, ngā whāinga rānei i waenganui i ngā kaiārahi me ngā mema o tētahi whakahaere te arahi ki te pakanga. Me whakahaere pai tēnei pakanga kia mau tonu ai te kotahitanga o te whakahaere.
3. Te Whakamahi Kino i te Mana
Ina whakamahia kinotia te mana, ka taea te whakaiti i te mana me te whakawhirinaki i waenga i ngā mema o te whakahaere. Ka taea te whakamahi kino i te mana hei pirau, hei mana whakahaere, hei tikanga whakahāwea rānei.
4. Te Kōrero me te Whai Wāhitanga
I roto i ngā whakahaere e tino uaua haere ana, e kanorau haere ana, he mea nui haere te kōrero me te whai wāhi atu. Ko ngā kaiārahi e tuwhera ana ki te kōrero tahi, ā, e whakauru ana i ngā mema ki te tukanga whakatau, ka kaha ake te mana whakahaere.
Whakamutunga
He mahi nui tā te mana whakahaere i roto i ngā whakahaere pāpori mā te whakarato i tētahi anga mō te whakahaere ture, te whakatau kaupapa, me te mahi tahi. Mā te mārama ki ngā momo mana whakahaere, ngā pūtake o te mana whakahaere, me ō rātou pānga mahi ka āwhina i te hanga i ngā whakahaere whai hua, taurite, me te pumau. Ko ngā wero e pā ana ki te mana whakahaere me whai huarahi ngāwari me te arotau kia mau tonu ai tōna hiranga me tōna whai huatanga ki te ārahi i te whakahaere ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga ngātahi.
