Ngā Āhuatanga Hapori i roto i ngā Hononga Tūmatanui
He maha ngā wā ka māramahia ngā whanaungatanga ā-iwi hei take kāwanatanga, mana, me ngā painga rautaki. Heoi, kei muri i ngā huihuinga mana o ngā ā-iwi, ngā whakaaetanga ā-rua, ngā huihuinga maha-taha rānei, he taha pāpori kaha: ngā uara, ngā tikanga, ngā tuakiri, ngā tirohanga, me ngā whatunga o ngā whanaungatanga tangata. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai te hapori pāpori. Ka āwhina te hapori pāpori i a tātou ki te kite i te whanaungatanga ā-iwi ehara i te mea he tauwhitinga tōrangapū anake, engari he tukanga pāpori i hangaia e te ahurea, ngā hanganga pāpori, me ngā taunekeneke tohu e awe ana i ngā whanonga o ngā kāwanatanga me ā rātou kaiwhakaari. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga pāpori e pā ana ki ngā whanaungatanga ā-iwi, mai i te tuakiri ā-rōpū ki te tūranga o te hunga pāpāho me te hapori whānui.
1. Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero hei Taunekeneke Hapori me te Whakawhitiwhiti Tohu
Mai i te tirohanga pāpori, ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero he momo taunekeneke pāpori i waenga i ngā kaiwhakaari e mau ana i ngā tohu, te tikanga, me te mana. Ko ngā hui ā-motu, te reo tinana, te whiriwhiri kupu i roto i ngā panuitanga pāpāho, tae atu ki te whakaritenga nohoanga i ngā huihuinga o te ao, ehara i te mea he tikanga noa iho; he kī tonu i te tikanga. Hei tauira, ko te whakamahi i ngā kupu "hoa rautaki" "hoa" rānei i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tōrangapū ka tohu i te tata, ko te "āwangawanga" "whakahē" rānei e whakaatu ana i te tawhiti me te taumahatanga.
E whakanui ana te ariā taunekeneke tohu ko te mahi pāpori e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tikanga kua whakaaetia. I roto i te ao tūmatanui, ka hangaia ēnei tikanga mā te whiriwhiringa ātaahua. Ko te kore mārama ki ngā tohu—hei tauira, i roto i ngā kawa, i ngā tikanga pāpori, i ngā tohu ahurea rānei—ka arahi pea ki ngā whakamaoritanga hē me te whakapōrearea i ngā whanaungatanga.
2. Ngā Paerewa, Ngā Uara, me te Ahurea hei Tūāpapa mō ngā "Ture o te Kēmu"
He uara me he tikanga kei ia hapori e hanga ana i ōna tirohanga mō te honore, te tika, me te mana. I roto i ngā whanaungatanga tōrangapū, ka awe ēnei uara me ngā tikanga i ngā kaupapa here o tāwāhi, ngā momo whiriwhiringa, me ngā urupare ki ngā pakanga. Ko ngā whenua whai tikanga whakakotahi ka aro nui ki te rangimārie me te whakaora kanohi, ko ngā whenua whai tikanga takitahi ka aro nui ki te tuwhera o ngā whakaaro me te tautohetohe tika.
Ka pāngia hoki ngā tirohanga a te ahurea e te wā (te tika me te tere o ngā whiriwhiringa), te momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (tika, ā-kore rānei), me ngā tikanga whakatau (pokapū, whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei). Nō reira, he taonga nui te pūkenga ahurea o ngā kaitōrangapū, ehara i te pūkenga hangarau anake.
3. Te Tuakiri ā-Motu, Ngā Whakatakotoranga Tūturu, me te Hanganga o "Tātou" me "Rātou"
Ko te tuakiri tētahi āhuatanga pāpori nui o te kaupapa tōrangapū. Ka hangaia te tuakiri ā-motu mā roto i te hītori, te mātauranga, ngā kōrero ā-rōpū, me ngā tohu kāwanatanga. Ka pāngia e tēnei tuakiri te tautuhi a tētahi whenua i ōna hiahia me te whakatau ko wai te "hoa" me te "hoariri." I ngā wā o te raruraru, ka taea e te wairua tuakiri te whakapakari i te motu, ka akiaki i tētahi kaupapa here ā-iwi kaha ake.
I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā whakaaro whakahāwea mō ētahi atu iwi—hei tauira, te whakaaro he pukuriri, he koretake, he kore pono rānei tētahi whenua—ka pā ki ngā waiaro o ngā tāngata whenua me te marea. He maha ngā wā kāore ngā whakaaro whakahāwea i ahu mai i ngā wheako tika, engari i ngā kōrero a ngā pāpāho, i ngā maharatanga hītori, i ngā kōrero rānei i tukuna iho i roto i ngā whakatipuranga. Nō reira, ehara te mahi whakahāwea i te mea tino whai take; he kare ā-roto, he hinengaro hoki, he mea pā ki ngā whakaaro pāpori tūturu.
4. Te Hanganga Hapori me te Tūranga o ngā Rangatira ki te Whakataunga
Ka tirohia hoki e te mātauranga hapori te awe o te hanganga pāpori o tētahi iwi—te karaehe, ngā rōpū whai pānga, me ngā whanaungatanga mana—ki ngā kaupapa here ā-iwi. Kāore ngā whakataunga kaupapa here ā-iwi e whakaatu ana i te hiahia o te taupori katoa, engari he maha ngā wā ka puta mai i ngā whakaaetanga i waenganui i ngā rangatira tōrangapū, hōia, tari kāwanatanga, me te ōhanga.
I ētahi whenua, ka taea e ngā rōpū pakihi he pānga kaweake-kawemai te akiaki kia whakatikatikahia ngā whanaungatanga ki tētahi whenua. I ētahi atu whenua, ka taea e ngā whakaaro o ngā rōpū ā-iwi, o ngā whakahaere whakapono rānei te akiaki i te kāwanatanga kia kaha ake te tūnga mō tētahi take. Mā te mārama ki tēnei hanganga pāpori, ka kite tātou ehara i te mea ko te "kāwanatanga" anake te take o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei mea āhua-kore, engari ko te hua o te kukume pakanga o ngā mana pāpori i roto i tētahi whenua.
5. Ngā Whatunga Hapori, te Iwi Whenua, me te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero a te Tangata Whenua
Kua whānui ake ngā mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-ao. Ko ngā tāngata whenua ke—ngā hapori o ngā tāngata whenua e noho ana i tāwāhi—he maha ngā wā ka mahi hei piriti pāpori, ōhanga, me te ahurea. Ka taea e rātou te whakapakari i ngā hononga i waenga i ngā whenua mā te pakihi, te mātauranga, me te whakawhitiwhiti ahurea. Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e ngā tāngata whenua ke te noho hei pūtake o te taupatupatu, inā koa ka horapa ngā pakanga tōrangapū ki te whenua manaaki.
I tua atu i te iwi whānui, kei te piki haere te hiranga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-iwi. Mā ngā whakawhitiwhiti ākonga, ngā mahi tahi mātauranga, ngā hononga hapori, me ngā whatunga whakahaere kāwanatanga ka taea te hanga whakawhirinaki, i ētahi wā he pai ake i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ōkawa. Mā ngā hononga tangata-ki-te-iwi ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te whakahāwea me te hanga tautoko a te marea mō te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā whenua.
6. Te Pāpāho, te Whakaaro o te Iwi, me te "Atamira" o te Tīmatatanga
Kua waiho e ngā pāpāho o ēnei rā te kaupapa here ā-iwi hei kaupapa tūmatanui. Ko ngā kōrero a ngā kaiārahi kāwanatanga inaianei ehara i te mea e aro ana ki ngā hoa mahi ā-iwi anake engari ki ngā hunga whakarongo o te motu me te ao. E whakaatu ana te pāpori whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ko te whakatakoto i ngā take e te hunga pāpāho ka taea te whakapakari, te whakaiti rānei i te mana o te kaupapa here o tāwāhi.
He taonga, he arai hoki te whakaaro o te marea. Ina tautoko te marea i ngā kaupapa here e whakapakari ana i te mahi tahi, ka nui ake te herekoretanga o ngā tāngata whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I tetahi atu taha, ina whakakahoretia e te marea, ka noho te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei herehere mā ngā mahi tōrangapū o roto. I te ao o te pāpāho pāpori, ka taea hoki e ngā kōrero teka me ngā whakatairanga te whakakaha i ngā taupatupatu, te whakanui ake i te wehewehenga, tae noa ki te waihanga i tētahi "hoariri whānui" tohu.
7. Te Tauritekore o te Ao, te Whai muri i te Koroni, me ngā Hononga Mana
Ka tū ngā whanaungatanga ā-iwi i roto i tētahi pūnaha ao kore taurite. E whakaatu ana ngā tirohanga pāpori arohaehae me ngā tirohanga ā-iwi muri i te koroni i te awe o ngā taonga tuku iho koroni, ngā hierarki ōhanga, me te mana ahurea ki ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā whenua. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā whenua whakawhanake e te mana iti o te whiriwhiri i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa hokohoko, nama, hangarau rānei. I taua wā, i ētahi wā ka whakatūhia ngā paerewa o te ao e ngā whenua kaha, kātahi ka whakaarohia he "tikanga whānui".
Ka pāngia te wairua o te tika me te whakawhirinaki e tēnei kore taurite. Mēnā ka whakaaro tētahi whenua kāore i te ōrite te whakahaere, ka uaua ake te hanga mahi tahi mō te wā roa. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka whai hua ake te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e aro ana ki te kore taurite, e whakaute ana hoki i te mana motuhake, i te huarahi whakahīhī.
8. Te Tikanga, te Whakawhirinakitanga, me te Pūtea Hapori i roto i ngā Hononga ā-Rohe
Ko te whakawhirinaki te pūtake o ngā whanaungatanga pāpori, tae atu ki waenga i ngā iwi. E kiia ana e ngā tohunga hapori ko te whakapaipai pāpori: ko ngā whatunga me ngā tikanga e āhei ai te mahi tahi. Ko ngā whakaaetanga ā-ao, ngā tikanga manatoko, me ngā huihuinga kōrero he huarahi whakahaere hei hanga whakawhirinaki me te whakaiti i te koretake.
Mā te mana ture anō hoki e whakatau te whai huatanga o te mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ina kaha te mana ture ā-rohe o tētahi kāwanatanga, ka pai ake tōna kaha ki te whakarite i ngā herenga pumau ki tāwāhi. Heoi, ki te ngoikore te mana ture, ka ngāwari ake te whakarerekē i ngā kaupapa here ā-rohe nā te huringa kāwanatanga, nā te pēhanga pāpori rānei. Koinei te take he uaua ki te pupuri i ētahi whakaaetanga ā-ao ina puta ngā huringa tōrangapū ā-rohe.
Te Katinga
E whakaatu ana ngā āhuatanga pāpori o ngā whanaungatanga tōrangapū ehara i te mea ko ngā hiahia me te mana anake te kaupapa o te kaupapa tōrangapū, engari ko te tikanga, te tuakiri, ngā tikanga, me ngā whanaungatanga pāpori e hanga ana i te āhua o te mahi a ngā kāwanatanga. Ko ngā taunekeneke tohu, te ahurea, ngā hanganga pāpori, ngā whakaaro o te marea, tae atu ki te kore taurite o te ao katoa e whai pānga ana ki te angitu, ki te kore rānei o te kaupapa tōrangapū. Mā te huarahi pāpori, ka taea e tātou te mārama he aha ngā whakataunga tōrangapū kāore i te whai i ngā ariā whaitake noa iho, me te aha te hiranga o te hanga whakawhirinaki me te māramatanga i waenga i ngā iwi ki ngā whakaaetanga ōkawa. Hei whakamutunga, ko te kaupapa tōrangapū whai hua ko tētahi e kaha ana ki te pānui i ngā hihiri pāpori—i roto i te motu me te ao—me te whakahaere i ngā rerekētanga mā te kōrero whakaute.
