Hangarau Hanga Mata HDR mō ngā Waea Atamai
Ko te whanaketanga o ngā mata waea atamai i roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei ehara i te mea ko te whakanui ake i te rahi, te whakatau koi ake rānei. Ko tētahi o ngā whanaketanga nui ko te taenga mai o te HDR (High Dynamic Range), he hangarau e taea ai e ngā mata te whakaatu i te whānuitanga o te mārama me te pōuri, ngā tae momona ake, me ngā taipitopito e kitea tonutia ana i ngā wāhi atarangi me ngā wāhi mārama. Engari ko te "HDR" i runga i te mata waea atamai ehara i te mea he tapanga hokohoko noa iho—kei muri i a ia he huinga hangarau rauemi matatini, ngā tukanga hanga, ngā whakatikatika, me ngā paerewa whakamātautau. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te hanga o ngā whakaaturanga HDR, mai i ngā momo panera ki te whakatikatika wheketere.
He aha te HDR i runga i te mata o te waea atamai?
He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko te HDR te kaha o te whakaaturanga ki te whakaatu i te rerekētanga nui o te kanapa (te kanapa) i waenga i ngā wāhanga kanapa me ngā wāhanga pōuri rawa o te tirohanga, me te pupuri tonu i ngā taipitopito me te tika o te tae. Ko te whakaaturanga HDR pai he:
1. Te kanapa teitei, inā koa mō ngā rama tino kanapa (hei tauira, ngā whakaata o te rā, ngā rama neon).
2. Ngā taumata pango hōhonu, nō reira ka piki ake te rerekētanga.
3. He whānui te whānuitanga o ngā tae, ko te nuinga he DCI-P3, neke atu rānei.
4. He hohonutanga tae e tika ana, ko te 10-bit te pai (he tata rānei ki tēnā mā roto i ngā tikanga dithering).
5. He mahere oro atamai me te whakahaere kanapa, kia āhua tūturu ai te ihirangi i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
Ngā momo panera: OLED vs LCD me ō rātou pānga ki te HDR
1) OLED (AMOLED)
Ko te nuinga o ngā waea atamai HDR waenga-rahi me te taumata teitei e whakamahi ana i te OLED. Ko te painga matua o te OLED mō te HDR ko te whakaputanga o ia pika i tōna ake māramatanga. Ina whakaatuhia te mangu, ka taea te whakaweto i ngā pika, ka hua ake he "pango tūturu" me te ōwehenga rerekētanga tino teitei. Mā tēnei ka ātaahua te āhua o te pānga HDR, inā koa i ngā tirohanga pōuri me ngā rama kanapa.
Ngā wero: Ka aro atu ngā OLED ki te mōrearea o te tahunga, te hekenga o te kanapa i te tawhitotanga, me te hiahia hoki ki te whakahaere i te mana nā te mea ka maumauria te kanapa teitei, ka wera hoki te panera.
2) LCD (IPS, LTPS, me ētahi atu)
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā LCD ki ngā rama whakamārama. Ka whakawhirinaki nui te HDR i runga i ngā LCD ki te kounga o te rama whakamārama me te kaha ki te whakaiti i ngā wāhi motuhake. I runga i ngā pouaka whakaata, ka tutuki tēnei mā te whakaiti ā-rohe. I runga i ngā waea atamai LCD, he iti te wāhi, nō reira he onge te whai huatanga o te whakaiti ā-rohe pērā i runga i ngā pouaka whakaata. Nō reira, he iti noa te HDR i runga i ngā LCD i runga i ngā pango hohonu me te rerekētanga ki te whakataurite ki ngā OLED, ahakoa ka taea e ngā LCD te tino pai i roto i ētahi momo pumau tae me te iti ake o te mōrearea o te wera.
Kī HDR: te kanapa teitei me te whakahaere wera
Kia "ahua" ai te HDR, me eke te mata ki te kanapa teitei rawa. He maha ngā tiwhikete e ine ana i tēnei kanapa teitei i runga i tētahi matapihi iti (hei tauira, 1–10% o te horahanga o te mata) nā te mea i roto i ngā ihirangi HDR, he wāhanga iti noa iho o te ahua ngā miramira.
Hei whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga, he maha ngā mea e arotauhia ana e te wheketere:
– Ngā rauemi tuku (i runga i te OLED): he mea tino nui te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi whero/kakariki/kikorangi me te hoahoa o te subpixel.
– Hanganga tāpae: ka whakamahia e ētahi panera he hanganga tāpae maha (hei tauira, tandem) hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga me te roa o te wā, ahakoa he uaua ake, he utu nui ake hoki.
– Ara iahiko taraiwa: me whai transistors me ngā taputapu whakakapi e kaha ana ki te tuku i ngā iahiko teitei me te pumau, me te kore e kino te panera, e kore hoki e hanga i te kanapa kore taurite.
– Hoahoa wera: Ka puta te wera i te kanapa teitei. Ka tāpirihia e ngā kaihanga he paparanga horapa wera, he rau karāpeti, me te aukati kanapa aunoa (ABL). Ko te ABL te take e heke ai te kanapa HDR i muri i ētahi hēkona.
Hōhonutanga tae: 10-moka, 8-moka + dithering, me te pipeline
Ko te HDR te mea pai, e whakamahi ana i te 10 moka mō ia hongere tae, nō reira, he maeneene, he pai hoki te āhua o ngā whakawhiti rōnaki (hei tauira, he rangi tō te rā). Heoi, ehara i te mea he taketake 10-moka katoa ngā panera waea atamai. Ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i te 8-moka + FRC (Frame Rate Control) te dithering rānei i te wā hei whakatauira i te 10-moka.
Haunga te panera, me tautoko hoki te pūnaha whakaatu i te HDR:
– Ka whakaputa anga anga a te GPU/ISP me te whakawaehere HDR (PQ/HLG).
– Ka tukuna ngā raraunga e te kaiwhakahaere whakaaturanga i te whakatakotoranga e tika ana.
– Ka whakahaere tika te IC taraiwa o te panera (DDIC) i te ngaohiko/au ki ngā pika.
Mena he 8-bit anake tētahi o ngā wāhanga, kāore he dithering tika, tera pea ka puta he whitiki, he tae "pakaru" rānei i te hua HDR.
Te whānuitanga o ngā tae me ngā tātari: mai i ngā rauemi ki ngā paninga whatu
Ehara i te mea ko te kanapa anake te kaupapa o te HDR, engari ko te tae anō hoki. He nui ngā ihirangi HDR e matatauhia ana i roto i te ao tae DCI-P3, BT.2020 rānei (ahakoa he onge te whakatutuki i te BT.2020 katoa i runga i ngā taputapu kaihoko).
I roto i ngā OLED, ka pāngia te whānuitanga e te whānuitanga tukunga o te rauemi rauropi. I roto i ngā LCD, ka pāngia te whānuitanga e te papamuri me ngā tātari tae. Hei whakawhānui i te whānuitanga, ka taea e ngā kaihanga:
– Mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi tukunga whānuitanga whaiti (OLED),
– Mā te whakamahi i te ira matū, i te rama whaiti rānei (he mea noa ake i roto i ngā mata nui, engari he mea nui te ariā),
– Ngā tātari tae kua arotauhia me ngā paparanga whakapolarization.
Ko ētahi atu paparanga whatu he mea nui mō te wheako HDR i runga i ngā waea atamai ko:
– He paninga ārai-whakaata me te hononga whatu, hei pupuri i te rerekētanga teitei o waho.
– He porowhita whakarara (he mea noa i runga i ngā OLED) hei whakaiti i ngā whakaata me te whakapai ake i te tirohanga pango.
Te tukanga hanga OLED mō ngā whakaaturanga HDR (kiato engari he matua)
Ko te hanga o ngā panera OLED waea atamai he maha ngā wāhanga matua:
1. Papamuri TFT
Koinei te "matrix" o ngā transistors e whakahaere ana i ia subpixel. Ka pāngia te pai o te mana me ngā āheinga whakahou urutau e ngā hangarau backplane pēnei i te LTPS, LTPO rānei, e te mutunga ka pāngia te whakahaere HDR (hei tauira, i te wā e purei ana i te ataata HDR, kaua ki te panuku).
2. Te whakatakoto i ngā paparanga rauropi
Ka whakatakotoria he paparanga rauropi e whakaputa ana i te mārama ki te papa o muri. Ko ngā tikanga noa ko te mimiti wera korehau me te whakamahi i tētahi kopare whakarewa pai (FMM) hei hanga tauira RGB i runga i te maha o ngā panera waea atamai.
3. Te whakakī (hiri)
He tino tairongo ngā OLED ki te hāora me te kohu wai. Mā te whakakāpōtanga—he maha ngā wā he whakakāpōtanga kiriata angiangi—ka tiakina ngā paparanga rauropi. Ka pā te kounga o te hiri ki te roa o te ora o te panera, tae atu ki tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te kanapa teitei.
4. Te whakaurunga taraiwa me te whakamātautau ōritetanga
Ka whakamātauria ngā panera mō te ōritetanga, ngā hapa ira, me te urupare kanapa. Me kaha ake te whakahaere i te HDR kia kore ai e pania ngā kanapa ki runga i ētahi atu wāhi, kia kore ai hoki e piupiu ngā panonitanga.
Ngā paerewa HDR: HDR10, HDR10+, me Dolby Vision
Ko te tapanga HDR i runga i ngā waea atamai e pā ana ki ngā paerewa e whai ake nei:
– HDR10: te hōputu tino noa, e whakamahi ana i ngā raraunga tūmau me te mahi whakawhiti PQ.
– HDR10+: raraunga hihiri, ka taea te whakarerekē i te mahere oro mō ia whakaaturanga/anga.
– Dolby Vision: he raraunga hihiri anō hoki, me tētahi pūnaha tiwhikete pakari me te pūnaha whakauru.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia: kāore te tautoko hōputu e tohu aunoa i te kounga whakaaturanga HDR ōrite. E rua ngā waea pūkoro he rite te whakatauranga "HDR10" ka rerekē pea nā te kanapa teitei, te mahere oro, me te tika o te tae.
Te mahere oro me te whakatikatika wheketere: te "mea kakara" HDR matua
Ka matatauhia ngā ihirangi HDR mō tētahi mata tohutoro motuhake. He herenga kei ngā waea atamai (rahi, wera, whakapaunga hiko), nō reira me mahere oro: te whakarerekē i te whānuitanga kanapa o ngā ihirangi kia ōrite ki ngā kaha o te mata me te kore e ngaro ngā taipitopito nui.
I roto i te wheketere, ka mahia e ngā kaihanga:
– Te whakatikatika ira mā (hei tauira, tata ki te D65),
– Te whakatikatika i te Gamma/EOTF (PQ/HLG) kia tika ai te urupare kanapa,
– Te whakatikatika tae hei whakaiti i te hapa (Delta E),
– Ngā kōtaha mō ngā momo rerekē (Taiao, Ataahua, Kiriata) me ngā āhuatanga mārama.
Ka whakatauhia hoki e te raupaparorohiko te wā e whakahohe ai i te kanapa teitei (mō ngā whakamārama HDR) me te wā e pupuri ai hei whakapai ake i te pāmahana me te roa o te ora o te panera.
Te wero HDR i runga i ngā waea atamai: te mooni o te whakamahinga o ia rā
Ehara i te mea ko te whakatutuki i ngā tau teitei i roto i te taiwhanga anake te mahi hanga whakaaturanga HDR. Ko ngā wero matua ko:
– Te ōritetanga o te kanapa: he poto noa te wā e mau ai ngā tihi teitei nā te ABL me te whakahekenga wera.
– Mārama ki te pānui i waho: ka taea e ngā whakaata me te hihi o te rā te "kaha ake" i te rerekētanga HDR.
– Te whakapaunga hiko: Ka tere ake te pau o te pākahiko i te ataata HDR, inā koa i ngā OLED kanapa nui.
– Te rerekētanga o ngā waeine: he rerekē te āhua o ia panera nā ngā ātete hangahanga, nō reira he mea tino nui ngā tukanga whakatikatika me te QC (mana kounga).
Te Katinga
Ko te hangarau whakaaturanga HDR mō ngā waea atamai he huinga o ngā rauemi matatau, te hanga tika, te hoahoa ara iahiko, te whakahaere wera, me te tukatuka whakaahua i runga i ngā paerewa HDR hou. Ko te OLED te whiringa matua i tēnei wā nā tōna kaha ki te whakaputa pango tino tika me te rerekētanga teitei, engari ko te kounga HDR whakamutunga ka whakatauhia tonu e ngā āhuatanga maha: te kanapa tihi pono, te hohonutanga tae, te whānuitanga, ngā paninga whatu ārai-whakaata, me te mahere oro me te whakatikatika tika. Hei whakamutunga, ko te HDR pai ehara i te mea ko te "kanapa ake" anake, engari ko te kaha ki te whakaatu pono i ngā taipitopito me ngā tae—i roto i te rūma pouri me raro i te rā kanapa.
