Te Aranga me te Hinga o te Emepaea o Roma
Pendahuluan
Ko te aranga ake o te Emepaea o Roma tētahi o ngā upoko tino whakamiharo o te hītori o te ao tangata. Mai i tētahi whenua iti o Itari, ka tipu a Roma hei mana nui i whakahaere i te ao Mediterranean mō ngā rautau. Heoi, pērā i ngā emepaea nunui katoa, i hinga a Roma i te mutunga. Ko te kōrero mō te aranga ake me te hinganga o te Emepaea o Roma e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te mana, te kororia, me te hekenga e mau tonu ana i roto i te hītori emepaea.
Te Aranga Ake o Rōma
I tīmata a Rōma hei kingitanga iti i Itari i te rautau 8 BC. E ai ki te kōrero tuku iho, i whakatūria te tāone o Rōma i te tau 753 BC e Romulus rāua ko Remus, he māhanga tuakana i whāngaihia e te wuruhi. I te tīmatanga, he kingitanga a Rōma, engari i huri hei repupirikana i te tau 509 BC i muri i te turakitanga o tō rātou kingi whakamutunga e ōna iwi.
I whakatūria e te Ripapiripia o Rōmana tōna mana i runga i tētahi kāwanatanga manapori ake i ngā mana kingi i tōna taha. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha kāwanatanga e ahu mai ana i te rūnanga me te huihuinga a te iwi, i taea ai e Rōma te whakahaere pai i tōna rohe. I tua atu, he mea nui te kaha o te ope taua o Rōma ki tōna whānui haere. I rongonui te ope taua o Rōmana mō tōna whakahaere pai, tōna whakaritenga, me āna rautaki pakanga.
I te rautau 3 me te 2 BC, i whawhai a Rōma ki ngā Pakanga Punic ki a Carthage, tōna hoa whawhai nui anake i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. Whai muri i te raupapa o ngā wikitoria rongonui, tae atu ki te Pakanga Punic Tuarua i arahina e te hēnerara rongonui a Hannibal, i angitu a Rōma ki te whakangaro i a Carthage i te tau 146 BC, ā, i whakatūria e ia hei mana nui i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.
Emepaea o Rōma
Ko tētahi o ngā huringa nui o te hītori o Rōma ko tōna nekehanga mai i te repupirikana ki te emepaea. I te rautau tuatahi BC, i ruia te Repupirikana o Rōma e te raupapa o ngā pakanga ā-iwi me te koretake o te tōrangapū. Ko te aranga ake o ngā tino tangata rongonui pērā i a Julius Caesar, Pompey, me Marcus Antonius, me te kōhurutanga o Julius Caesar i te tau 44 BC, i tohu i te mutunga o te repupirikana.
I muri i tēnei wā pōrearea, ko Augustus, i mua ko Octavian—te uri o Julius Caesar—i noho hei emepara tuatahi o Rōma i te tau 27 BC. Koinei te tīmatanga o te Emepaea o Rōma. I raro i tana mana whakahaere, i pā ki a Rōma tētahi wā rangimārie me te whai rawa e mōhiotia ana ko te Pax Romana, e rua rau tau te roa. I tēnei wā, i whakawhānui te Emepaea o Rōma i tōna rohe puta noa i Ūropi, Āwherika ki te Raki, me te Rawhiti o Waenganui.
I tōna tihi, i kapi te Emepaea o Rōma i tētahi rohe whānui, kanorau hoki, mai i ngā koraha o Īhipa ki ngā ngahere o Tiamana. Ehara i te mea ko tōna kaha hōia anake te angitu o Rōma, engari ko tōna kaha whakahaere hoki ki te whakahaere i tētahi rohe whānui me ngā momo ahurea me ngā reo kanorau.
Ahurea me te Hangarau
Haunga tōna whānui whakamiharo, e mōhiotia ana hoki te Emepaea o Rōma mō āna takoha nui ki te ao o te Hauāuru i roto i ngā mara o te ahurea, te ture, me te hangarau. He kaihanga nui ngā Rōmana; i hanga e rātou ngā rori, ngā piriti, me ngā hanganga whakahīhī pērā i te Colosseum me te Pantheon, e miharo tonu ana tātou i ēnei rā.
Ko te ture Rōmana hoki te pūtake o ngā pūnaha ture hou maha. Ko ngā mātāpono ture pēnei i te tika, te ōritetanga, me te tukanga tika kua tangohia e te maha o ngā whenua o te ao. Ko te reo Latina, te reo kōrero me te reo tuhituhi o Rōma, i noho hei pūtake o ngā reo hou maha, tae atu ki te reo Itari, te reo Pāniora, te reo Wīwī, me te reo Pōtikī.
I roto i ngā mara o te ahurea, te toi, me te rapunga whakaaro, he nui te awe o Rōma. I tangohia e rātou te ahurea Kariki, ā, i whakawhanakehia, ka hangaia he hononga ahurea Kariki-Rōmana i noho hei tūāpapa mō te ao Pākehā.
Te Hinga o Rōma
Heoi, pērā i ngā emepaea nunui katoa, kāore i pumau te kororia o Rōma. He uaua te tukanga o te hekenga o Rōma, ā, i puta i roto i ngā rautau. He rerekē ngā tātaritanga a ngā kaituhi hītori i ngā āhuatanga i arahi ai ki te hinganga o te Emepaea o Rōma, engari he maha ngā āhuatanga matua e whakahuatia ana.
Tuatahi, he mea nui ngā whakaekenga a waho ki te hinganga o Rōma. I whakaekea tonutia e ngā iwi Pāpāria pērā i ngā Visigoth, ngā Vandal, me ngā Hun te rohe o Rōma. I te tau 410 AD, i pahuatia a Rōma e ngā Visigoth i raro i te mana o Alaric.
Tuarua, he rite tonu te hiranga o ngā āhuatanga ā-roto pērā i te pirau, te raruraru ōhanga, me te kore pumau o te ao tōrangapū. Nā te pikinga ake o ngā whakapaunga hōia hei tiaki i ngā rohe whānui o te whenua i pēhi te pūtea o te whenua. Nā te ngoikore o te kāwanatanga me te maha o ngā whakawhiti o ngā emepara i piki ake ai te kore pumau o te whare.
Tuatoru, ko ngā āhuatanga pāpori-ahurea, tae atu ki ngā huringa o te hanganga pāpori me te ngaronga o te whakapono ki te mana o Rōmana, e whakaarohia ana hoki i whai wāhi ki te hinganga. I te whānui haere o te emepaea, ka uaua haere te mana whakahaere matua.
I te mutunga iho, ka hinga te Emepaea o Rōmana ki te Hauāuru i te tau 476 AD i te wā i turakina ai tōna emepara whakamutunga, a Romulus Augustulus, e Odoacer, he rangatira iwi Tiamana. Heoi, i ora tonu te Emepaea o Rōmana ki te Rāwhiti, e mōhiotia ana ko te Emepaea Byzantine, tae noa ki te hinganga o Constantinople i te tau 1453 AD.
Whakamutunga
He maha ngā akoranga e akohia ana e tātou mō te kāwanatanga, te mana, me te ao tūroa nā te aranga ake me te hinganga o te Emepaea o Rōma. Nā te aranga ake o Rōma i whakaatu te kaha o te ope taua pakari, te whakahaere pai, me te whakamahi tika i ngā ture i taea ai te hanga i tētahi ao tūroa nui. I taua wā, nā tōna hinganga i ako tātou kāore he mana e mau tonu, ā, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga o roto me waho te mahi tahi ki te hinga i tētahi emepaea nui. Kei te whai pānga tonu te ahurea, te ture, me te hangarau o Rōma ki te ao hou, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā kaupapa nui rawa atu i roto i te hītori o te tangata.
