Te Hanganga me te Hītori o te Whakapakoko o te Herekore
Ko te Whakairo o te Herekore, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko "Te Herekore e Whakamārama ana i te Ao," tētahi o ngā tohu rongonui o te ao. E tū rangatira ana i te Moutere o Herekore i te Whanga o New York, USA, kua waiho hei tohu mō te herekore, te tumanako, me te whai wāhitanga mō te miriona e kite ana. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te hītori me te hanganga o te Whakairo o te Herekore, me tōna tikanga hohonu me tōna awe.
Hītori o te Whakapakoko o te Herekore
He koha te Whakairo o te Herekore i te iwi Wīwī ki te Hononga o Amerika, hei whakanui i te rau tau o te mana motuhake o Amerika, hei whakanui hoki i te whakahoahoa i waenganui i ngā whenua e rua. Nā Édouard René de Laboulaye, he tohunga ture Wīwī, he kaipūtaiao tōrangapū hoki, i whakaaro ko tēnei koha tohu hei tohu i te whakahoahoa me te whakapau kaha ki ngā uara o te herekoretanga me te manapori i tautokona e ngā whenua e rua.
I tīmata te kaupapa i te tau 1865, e waru tau tonu i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tūmatanui o Amerika, i te wā i tukuna ai e Laboulaye te whakaaro ki te kaiwhakairo rongonui o Wīwī, a Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi. I whakaae a Bartholdi ki te ārahi i te kaupapa, ā, ka tīmata te hoahoa i te whakapakoko ka waiho hei tētahi o ngā whakamaharatanga rongonui o te ao.
Te Hanganga o te Whakapakoko o te Herekore
Te Hoahoa me te Kohi Moni
Nā Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi tēnei whakapakoko i hoahoa, e whakaatu ana i tētahi wahine e mau ana i tētahi kākahu hou, ko tōna ringa matau e pupuri ana i tētahi rama mura hei tohu mō te māramatanga, ā, ko tōna ringa maui e pupuri ana i tētahi papa kua tuhia ki te "HŌRAE IV MDCCLXXVI" (Hōrae 4, 1776), te huritau o te mana motuhake o te Hononga o Amerika. Kei ngā waewae o te whakapakoko ngā mekameka whati, e tohu ana i te herekoretanga mai i te herekore me te tukino.
Hei whakatutuki i tēnei moemoeā nui, i hiahiatia he pūtea nui. I Parani, ko te nuinga o ngā moni i kohia mā roto i ngā takoha tūmataiti, ngā rota, me ngā whakaaturanga toi. I taua wā, i te Hononga o Amerika, ko ngā mahi kohi moni i uru atu ki tētahi kaupapa a te maheni "New York World" a Joseph Pulitzer e akiaki ana i ngā Amerikana kia takoha ki tēnei kaupapa nui.
Te Hanga me te Hanga i Parani
I tīmata te hanganga o te whakapakoko i Parani i te tau 1875, ā, i oti i te tau 1884. I whakarewaina mai i ngā pepa parahi, ā, i whakairihia ki runga i tētahi anga rino i hangaia e Gustave Eiffel, i muri mai ka rongonui mō te pourewa e mau ana tōna ingoa i Parī. Nā te hangarau auaha a Eiffel i whakarite kia tū pakari te whakapakoko, kia tu atu hoki i ngā hau kaha me ngā āhuatanga kino o te rangi.
I te otinga o te mahi, ka wetewetehia te whakapakoko kia 350 ngā wāhanga motuhake, ā, ka tākaihia ki roto i ngā pouaka 214 hei tuku ki Amerika. I haerea tēnei haerenga roa mā te moana, ā, i tae ki te Whanga o Niu Ioka i te 17 o Hune, 1885.
Te hanga i te Hononga o Amerika
I te Hononga o Amerika, i haere tahi te hanganga o te turanga o te whakapakoko me tōna hanganga i Parani. I kohia hoki ngā moni mō tēnei turanga nui mā roto i ngā koha a te iwi. Nā te kaihoahoa o Amerika, a Richard Morris Hunt, i hoahoa te turanga karāhe 47-mita te teitei e tautoko ana i te whakapakoko parahi.
I muri i te taenga ki Amerika, ka huihuia ngā wāhanga o te whakapakoko, ā, ka huihuia anō. E whā marama te roa o tēnei mahi, ā, i te 28 o Oketopa, 1886, ka huraina te Whakapakoko o te Herekore e te Perehitini Grover Cleveland i roto i tētahi hui nui i mua i ngā mano tini o te tangata.
Te Tikanga me te Awe o te Whakapakoko o te Herekore
Ehara i te mea he koha tōrangapū anake te Whakairo o te Herekore, engari he tohu hoki mō te herekoretanga me te whakaae. Mai i tōna whakatūnga, kua noho te whakapakoko hei tohu mō ngā manene e tomo ana ki te Hononga o Amerika mā Ellis Island. He maha ngā manene e whakaaro ana ko tā rātou kitenga tuatahi i te Whakairo o te Herekoretanga he tohu mō te tumanako me te tīmatanga hou i tētahi whenua e oati ana i te herekoretanga.
E karanga ana hoki te whakapakoko mō ngā mātāpono o te manapori me te ātete ki te tukino me te mana whakahaere nanakia. Ko ngā kupu i whakairohia ki te papa me te whakapakoko rama, e whakamāramahia ana i te pō, kua noho hei tohu rongonui mō ngā kaupapa i tautokona e ngā kaiwhakaū o te Hononga o Amerika.
Kua noho hoki te Whakairo o te Herekore hei papamuri mō ngā kaupapa tika tangata me ngā kaupapa pāpori i te Hononga o Amerika. Hei tauira, i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i whakamahia i roto i ngā kaupapa mō te pōti a ngā wāhine. Waihoki, i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao me te Pakanga Matao, i riro te whakapakoko hei tohu mō te pakanga ki te manapori katoa me te horapa o te manapori rīperare.
Haunga te tohu tōrangapū me te tohu pāpori, he taonga ahurea anō hoki te Whakairo o te Herekore, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā mahi toi, tuhinga, kiriata, me te puoro. He maha ngā kaitoi me ngā kaituhi, i whakaaweawehia e tōna ataahua me tōna tikanga hohonu, kua whakaahua i te whakapakoko hei tohu o te herekoretanga me te auahatanga.
Te Tiaki me te Whakapai ake i te Whakapakoko o te Herekore
I roto i ngā wā, i maha ngā whakahoutanga me ngā kaupapa tiaki i te Whakapakoko o Herekore hei whakarite kia roa te ora me tōna ataahua. Ko tētahi o ngā whakahoutanga tino whānui i mahia mai i te tau 1984 ki te 1986, i mua tata atu i te huritau 100 o te whakapakoko. I roto i tēnei whakahoutanga, i whakakapia te anga rino o te whakapakoko ki tētahi anga hou, he ātete ki te waikura, i tahuna anō te rama taketake ki tētahi mea hou, he kanapa ake, ā, i mahia ētahi atu whakapainga hanganga.
I te tau 2011, i whakahoutia a Liberty Island me te Whakapakoko o Liberty hei whakarei ake i te wheako manuhiri me te whakapakari i te hanganga. I uru atu ki ēnei whakapainga ngā whakapainga ki te urunga atu me te haumarutanga, tae atu ki te whakatuwheratanga anō o te karauna o te whakapakoko ki te marea.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea he mahi toi whakahirahira noa iho te Whakairo o te Herekore; e kawe ana i te karere hohonu o te herekore, te tumanako, me te pakanga tangata ki te whakatutuki i ngā uara teitei. Mai i tōna hanganga, he mahi tahi hihiri i waenganui i ngā iwi nui e rua, ki tōna tūranga hei tohu e whakamārama ana i te ara mō te hunga e rapu ana i te oranga pai ake, kei te noho tonu te whakapakoko hei tohu i roto i ngā ngākau o te tini. I roto i ngā wā me ngā huringa, kei te whakahihiko tonu te Whakairo o te Herekore i te ao me tana karere o te herekore me te maia, e waiho ana hei tetahi o ngā whakamaharatanga tino whakautehia me te mōhiotia o te ao.
