Te Takoha a Cleopatra ki Ihipa Onamata
Ko Cleopatra VII Philopator tētahi o ngā tino tangata rongonui o te hītori o Īhipa onamata. He maha ngā wā ka puta tōna ingoa i roto i ngā kōrero nui mō te aroha, te mahi tinihanga a te whare rangatira, me te pikinga me te hinganga o te mana. Heoi, i muri i tēnei whakaahua rongonui, he rangatira anō hoki a Cleopatra i whai wāhi nui ki Īhipa i ngā tau whakamutunga o te whare rangatira Ptolemaico. I whakahaere ia i te wā o te ahotea nui: he ōhanga ngoikore, he pakanga ā-roto i roto i te whānau kingi, me te atarangi e tipu haere ana o te mana whakahaere o Rōma. I roto i tēnei āhuatanga, ko te takoha a Cleopatra ehara i te mea ko tana kōrero whakaari anake, engari ko ngā mahi tōrangapū, ōhanga, whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te ahurea i mahia e ia hei pupuri i te mana motuhake o Īhipa.
Te papamuri o te kingitanga o Cleopatra
I te tau 51 BC, i piki a Cleopatra ki te torona me tōna tuakana me tana tāne, e ai ki te kōrero tuku iho a te kāhui rangatira, a Ptolemy XIII. Ko te kāhui rangatira Ptolemy tonu i ahu mai i te iwi o Makeronia-Kariki, ko rātou ngā uri o tētahi o ngā hēnerara a Alexander the Great. Mō ngā rautau, i whakahaere tēnei kāhui rangatira i Īhipa, me te whakakotahi i ngā tikanga Kariki me Īhipa. Heoi, i te wā o te kingitanga o Cleopatra, i pāngia te kingitanga e tētahi raruraru uaua: te nama nui, te pakanga i roto i ngā rangatira o te whare rangatira, me te wawaotanga nui haere a Rōmana. Ka taea te kite i ngā takoha a Cleopatra hei raupapa rautaki oranga whenua—ngā rautaki, ahakoa kāore i taea te aukati i te whakaurunga o Rōmana, i whakaatu i te kaha rangatira whakamiharo.
Te takoha tōrangapū: te pumau o te mana i waenganui i ngā pakanga ā-roto
Ko tētahi o ngā takoha matua a Cleopatra ko tōna kaha ki te whakau i te mana i waenganui i ngā pakanga ā-roto o te whare ariki. Nā te pakanga mana i waenganui i a Cleopatra rāua ko Ptolemy XIII i ara ake ai te pakanga tuwhera i taea ai te wehewehe i a Īhipa. I te mutunga ka hoki mai a Cleopatra ki te mana me te tautoko a Julius Caesar, kātahi ka noho ko ia hei rangatira i te taha o Ptolemy XIV i muri i te matenga o Ptolemy XIII.
I konei, ehara i te mea ko te "toa" i te torona anake tana mahi, engari ko te pupuri i te haere tonu o te kāwanatanga. I mārama ia ko te mana tōrangapū i Ihipa ehara i te mea i ahu mai i ngā tikanga kingi Kariki anake, engari i ahu mai hoki i te whakaae a te iwi Ihipiana me ngā whare karakia. Nō reira, i whakaatu ia i a ia anō he kuīni, he tangata whakapono hoki, e hono ana ki te atua wahine a Isis, he tohu kaha i roto i te ao tūroa o Ihipa. Mā te awhi i ngā tohu ā-rohe, i whakakaha ake a Cleopatra i tōna tūranga hei rangatira "tika" ki ngā kanohi o te iwi Ihipiana, ehara i te kuīni o tāwāhi noa iho.
Te takoha ā-pāremata: te takaro i te taurite o te mana ki a Rōma
I noho a Cleopatra i te wā i noho ai a Rōma hei mana nui rawa atu i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. He nui te uara rautaki o Īhipa, me ana rahui witi whai rawa. I roto i te ao whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, i whakaatu a Cleopatra i te mōhiotanga tōrangapū, me te mārama ki te whetū o te mana o Rōma, i pakaru hoki i te pakanga ā-iwi. Ko ōna whanaungatanga ki a Julius Caesar, ā, muri iho ki a Marcus Antonius, e whakamāramahia ana he whanaungatanga aroha, engari i roto i te ao tōrangapū, he ngana anō hoki ki te tiaki i ngā painga o Īhipa.
Mā te hanga hononga ki ngā tino tangata whai mana o Rōma, i whai a Cleopatra kia kore a Īhipa e honoa tonutia hei kawanatanga. I whakamahia e ia te tūranga o Īhipa hei kaiwhakarato kai me te puna taonga hei whiwhi mana whiriwhiri. Ahakoa ko te mutunga iho ko te hinganga i a Octavian (Augustus), nā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a Cleopatra i hoatu te wā me te kaha ki a Īhipa ki te ātete roa atu i te mea i whiriwhiria e ia te whawhai tika me te kore he hoa rangatira.
Te takoha ōhanga: te pupuri i te urunga atu ki ngā rauemi me te pumau o te tahua
I mōhiotia a Īhipa ko te "whare witi" o te ao tawhito, inā koa mō ngā Rōmana. Ko te pumau o te ōhanga o Īhipa i whakawhirinaki nui ki te ahuwhenua i te taha o te awa o te Nile, te whakahaere taake, me te hokohoko o te ao mā roto i ngā tauranga nui pēnei i a Alexandria. I te mutunga o te wā Ptolemai, i puta pinepine ngā raruraru ōhanga nā te pirau, ngā taumahatanga taake, me te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaupapa here o tāwāhi.
I whai wāhi a Cleopatra ki te oranga ōhanga o te whenua mā te pupuri i a Alexandria hei pokapū hokohoko me te whakahaere. E mōhiotia ana hoki ia mō te whakamahi i ngā kaupapa here moni me te whakahaere rauemi hei putea i ngā hiahia kāwanatanga me ngā hiahia hōia. He maha ngā tuhinga hītori e whakaatu ana i te wā o Cleopatra, i whakamahia rautakitia te hanga moni me ngā tohu mana hei whakapakari i te mana me te tautoko i ngā mahi ōhanga. Ahakoa i hono pūmau ngā kaupapa here ōhanga a te kuīni ki ngā hiahia o te pakanga me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, i whakapau kaha tonu ia ki te whakarite kia noho tonu a Īhipa hei whenua mahi e kaha ana ki te whakahaere i ana moni whiwhi me ngā mahi whakahaere.
Te takoha ahurea: te whakapakari i te tuakiri Ihipiana-Kariki
Ko tētahi wāhanga nui o te takoha a Cleopatra ko te whakapakari i te tuakiri ahurea ranu: Kariki me Īhipa. Kāore i rite ki ētahi rangatira Ptolemai o mua i aro nui ki te reo Kariki, i mōhiotia a Cleopatra he hononga tata atu ki ngā tikanga o Īhipa o te rohe. He maha ngā wā e kīia ana ko ia te rangatira Ptolemai tuatahi ki te kōrero i te reo Īhipa (hei tāpiri atu ki te reo Kariki me ētahi atu reo pea). He mea nui tēnei nā te mea he taputapu tōrangapū te reo: ko te kaha ki te kōrero ki āna tāngata whenua i whakapakari i te mana o te kuīni me te tata ki te tohu.
I tua atu, i noho a Cleopatra hei rangatira mō Alexandria, he tāone nui i noho hei pokapū ako me te ahurea. Ahakoa he maha ngā āhuatanga o te Whare Pukapuka o Alexandria e tautohetia ana e ngā kaituhi hītori, kāore e taea te whakakore ko Alexandria he pokapū hinengaro i taua wā. Ko te rangatiratanga o Cleopatra i roto i te tikanga o te tautoko i te ahurea, te rapunga whakaaro, me te pūtaiao kua roa nei hei puna whakahīhī mō te tāone. Mā te pupuri i tētahi kāwanatanga pumau, i āwhina a Cleopatra kia noho tonu a Alexandria hei pokapū nui mō te ao o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.
Te takoha a te ope taua: te pupuri rautaki i te mana motuhake
I kitea anō hoki te takoha a Cleopatra i roto i āna mahi ki te pupuri i te mana motuhake o Īhipa mā te ope taua, ahakoa te hua kino. I roto i te hononga ki a Marcus Antonius, i uru atu a Īhipa ki tētahi pakanga nui ki a Octavian. I tautoko a Cleopatra i ngā pūtea me ngā tautoko moana, e whakaatu ana ehara a Īhipa i te kaitākaro noho puku, engari he kaiwhakaari tōrangapū e whai ana ki te whakatau i tōna ake mutunga.
Ko te hinganga i te Pakanga o Actium (31 BC) te tohu i te huringa i mutu ai te mana motuhake o Ihipa. Heoi, ko te whai wāhi a Cleopatra ki te rautaki hōia e whakaatu ana i tana whakawhirinaki nui atu i te mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero anake; i pai hoki ia ki te tango i ngā mōrearea nui hei pupuri i te tūranga o Ihipa hei kingitanga motuhake.
Te taonga tuku iho a Cleopatra: te mutunga o Īhipa onamata hei whenua motuhake
I muri i te matenga o Cleopatra i te tau 30 BC, ka riro a Ihipa hei kawanatanga Rōmana. E kiia ana tēnei huihuinga ko te mutunga tōrangapū o Ihipa onamata, nā te mea kāore i raro i te mana o tētahi whānau ā-rohe, o tētahi kingitanga motuhake rānei. He mea whakamīharo, nā tēnei mutunga i tino hira ai te takoha a Cleopatra: ko ia te rangatira whakamutunga i ngana tonu ki te whakahaere i a Ihipa hei whenua motuhake i waenganui i te ngaru o te mana whakahaere o Rōmana.
Ehara i te mea he kōrero pōuri noa iho te taonga tuku iho a Cleopatra mō te hinganga, engari he whakaahua o te kaiārahi pūkenga i ngā wā o te raruraru. I whakakotahi ia i te mana o te rohe me te ao whānui, i whakamahi i ngā mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero taumata teitei, i pupuri i te miihini ōhanga o te kingitanga, ā, i pupuri i te ahurea i whakakotahi i ngā tikanga tuku iho o Īhipa me Kariki. Ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka whakaitihia a Cleopatra hei tangata whakamiharo puta noa i te hītori, ko ana takoha e whakaatu ana i te mōhiotanga tōrangapū me te tirohanga mārama: kia mau tonu a Īhipa hei pokapū mana motuhake mō te roa rawa atu.
Te Katinga
Ka taea te mārama ki ngā takoha a Cleopatra ki Ihipa onamata hei mahi whānui ki te pupuri i tētahi rangatiratanga kei te tata ki ngā huringa nui. I te taha tōrangapū, i whakau ia i te torona, ā, i whakatū mana mā roto i ngā tohu Ihipiana. I te taha tōrangapū, i whakamahia e ia ōna whanaungatanga ki te hunga rangatira o Rōmana hei pupuri i te wāhi o Ihipa mō te nekeneke. I te taha ōhanga me te taha ahurea, i pupuri ia i a Alexandria hei pokapū hihiri me te whai mana. Ahakoa i hinga a Ihipa ki te kawanatanga o Rōmana, kei te maumahara tonu a Cleopatra hei rangatira whakamutunga i kaha ki te pupuri i te mana motuhake me te mana o Ihipa i runga i te atamira o te ao onamata. Ki te tirohia i roto i tēnei tirohanga, ehara a Cleopatra i te pakiwaitara noa iho, engari he tangata hītori he pono, he whai pānga hoki āna takoha i te mutunga o te haerenga roa o te iwi Ihipiana onamata.
