Te Tohatoha o ngā Tipu me ngā Kararehe i te Ao
Pendahuluan
He wāhanga nui ngā tipu me ngā kararehe o ngā pūnaha rauropi o te Ao, e whai wāhi ana ki te kanorau koiora. He mahi nui tā rāua e rua ki te pupuri i te taurite o te pūnaha rauropi me te whakarato i ngā ratonga pūnaha rauropi e tika ana mō te oranga tangata. Ko te horapa o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe huri noa i te ao ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te āhuarangi, te oneone, te teitei, me ngā taunekeneke ki ētahi atu momo. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te horapa o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe puta noa i te ao, ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō rātou horapa, me te hiranga o te kanorau koiora ki te ora i runga i te Ao.
Te Tohatoha o ngā Tipu o te Ao
Ko te kupu tipu e pā ana ki ngā momo tipu katoa e kitea ana i tētahi rohe. He rerekē te horapa o ngā tipu huri noa i te ao, i runga i ngā āhuatanga taiao o ia rohe. He maha ngā wā ka wehea ngā rohe tipu o te ao ki ētahi wāhanga matua, pērā i ngā ngahere ua toropika, ngā savana, ngā mania, ngā koraha, me ngā tundra, he āhuatanga motuhake tō ia rohe.
1. Ngāherehere ua Tropika
Kei te taha o te ekueta ngā ngahere ua toropika, ā, e mōhiotia ana mō te nui o te kanorau koiora. Ka whiwhi ua tonu rātou puta noa i te tau, ka hangaia he taiao pai mō te tipu o ngā tipu. Kei ngā rohe pēnei i te Amazon i Amerika ki te Tonga, te Congo i Awherika, me ētahi wāhanga o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, pēnei i a Indonesia me Malaysia. Ko ngā tipu pēnei i ngā rākau dipterocarp, ngā ōkiti, me te rātana ētahi tauira o ngā tipu e kitea ana i roto i ngā ngahere ua toropika.
2. Hāwana
Ko te savana he pūnaha rauropi e kapi ana i ngā mania me ētahi rākau marara, e kitea whānuitia ana i ngā rohe pārūrū me ngā rohe hauāuru. Ko te savana o Āwherika, e kapi ana i ngā whenua pēnei i a Kenya me Tanzania, tētahi o ngā savana rongonui o te ao. Kua urutau ngā tipu o tēnei rohe ki te ora i ngā āhuatanga maroke me ngā tauraki roa i ētahi wā. Ko ngā akasia me ngā baobab he tauira o ngā rākau e kitea whānuitia ana i ngā savana.
3. Whenua tarutaru
He whānui te horapa o ngā tarutaru i ngā wāhi he ua ngawari, he maroke ake i ngā ngahere engari he makuku ake i ngā koraha. Ko ngā whenua pāpaku o Āhia Waenganui me ngā mania o Amerika Te Raki he tauira o ngā pūnaha rauropi tarutaru. Ko ngā tarutaru e ātete ana ki te tauraki, ngā putiputi mohoao me ngā rakau iti he tipu noa iho e kitea ana i konei. He mea nui tēnei tipu hei ārai i te oneone kia kore e memeha wawe.
4. Koraha
Ko ngā koraha he wāhi he iti rawa te ua, ā, he kino hoki ngā āhuatanga taiao. Kua urutau ngā tipu koraha, pērā i ngā cacti me ētahi atu succulents, ki te ora me te iti rawa o te wai. Ko te Koraha o Sahara i Āwherika ki te Raki me te Koraha o Atacama i Amerika ki te Tonga he tauira o aua taiao. He roa ngā pakiaka o ngā tipu koraha hei toro atu ki te wai i roto i te oneone, me ngā rau iti, kāore rānei he rau hei whakaiti i te mimiti wai.
5. Tūndra
He pūnaha rauropi tino iti te pāmahana o te Tundra, ā, he poto te wā tipu, e kitea ana i ngā rohe porowhita. I konei, he maha ngā wā ka tio te whenua, e mōhiotia ana ko te permafrost. Ko ngā tipu o te Tundra he mosses, he lichens, me ētahi tarutaru me ngā rakau iti. Ko te tundra Arctic i te raki o Kanata me Rūhia he tauira o te rohe tundra.
Te Tohatoha o ngā Kararehe o te Ao
Ko ngā kararehe katoa e noho ana i te Ao, ā, he maha ngā āhuatanga e pāngia ana e tō rātou horapa, pērā i te wātea o te kai, te āhuarangi, me te nohoanga. He maha ngā wā ka hono te horapa o ngā kararehe ki te horapa o ngā tipu, nā te mea he maha ngā kararehe e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tipu hei kai me hei whare mō rātou.
1. Ngāherehere ua Tropika
He kāinga ngā ngahere ua toropika mō te tini o ngā momo kararehe, tae atu ki ngā moka, ngā manu tauhou, ngā ngārara, me ngā momo pepeke. Nā te kanorau o ngā nohoanga iti i roto i ēnei ngahere ka taea te noho i te tini o ngā momo kararehe mai i te papa o te ngahere ki te tuanui. Ko ngā makimaki, ngā jaguar, ētahi momo nakahi paitini, me ngā tūkani he tauira o ngā kararehe e noho ana i ngā ngahere ua toropika.
2. Hāwana
Ko ngā savana, inā koa i Āwherika, te kāinga o ētahi o ngā momo kararehe nui rongonui o te ao, pērā i te arewhana, te raiona, te karāpī, me te hēpara. Kua whanake ēnei kararehe kia ora ai i roto i ngā taiao tino maroke, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hekenga ki te kimi wai me te kai.
3. Whenua tarutaru
He kāinga ngā whenua tarutaru mō ngā momo kai me ā rātou kaipahua. Ko te pīson Amerika, te anaterope, me ngā manu kai pērā i te ēkara me te kāhu he wāhanga nui o ngā pūnaha rauropi whenua tarutaru. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia e ēnei kararehe he kahui nui e neke haere ana i ngā whenua tarutaru ki te rapu kai.
4. Koraha
I te koraha, kua urutau ngā kararehe pēnei i ngā kamera, ngā mokomoko, ngā nakahi, me ngā koiota ki te tū atu ki ngā āhuatanga tino kore wai. He maha ngā kararehe o te koraha he hunga haere pō, e karo ana i te rā wera i te awatea, e kimi kai ana i te pō. Ko ētahi atu urutau ko te whai hua o ngā pākia o te tinana me te kaha ki te penapena wai i roto i ō rātou tinana.
5. Tūndra
Kei roto i ngā kararehe o te tundra ētahi momo tino ātete ki te makariri, pērā i te reindeer, te pea polar, te wuruhi, me ngā momo manu rerekē, pērā i te ruru hukarere me te swans. He matotoru te huruhuru o ēnei kararehe, ā, he paparanga ngako hei āwhina i a rātou ki te ora i ngā pāmahana tino kino.
Te Hiranga o te Koiora Kanorau
He mea nui te kanorau koiora ki te hauora o tō tātou ao. Ka whai wāhi ngā tipu me ngā kararehe ki te oranga o ngā pūnaha rauropi, e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga nui pēnei i te whakapūpūngao, te horoi wai, te whakarato kai, me te pupuri i te taurite o ngā hau i te āhuarangi. Hei tāpiri, he uara ōhanga me te ahurea te kanorau koiora, e whakarato ana i ngā rauemi taiao nui mō te tangata, ā, e whakahihiko ana i te toi me te wairua.
Heoi, kei te tūtaki te kanorau koiora ki ngā tūmomo mōrearea nui mai i ngā mahi a te tangata, pērā i te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, te parahanga, te huringa āhuarangi, me te hī ika nui rawa. Nō reira, he mea nui ngā mahi tiaki taiao hei tiaki i te kanorau koiora me te pupuri i te taurite o te rauropi. Ko te tiaki i ngā nohoanga, te whakatūnga o ngā wāhi tiakina, me te mātauranga me te mōhiotanga a te marea he mahi nui hei whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga.
Whakamutunga
Ko te horapa o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe huri noa i te ao he hua o te taunekeneke matatini i waenga i ngā āhuatanga taiao me te whanaketanga i roto i ngā miriona tau. Ehara i te mea he ataahua, he mea whakamiharo hoki tēnei kanorau, engari he mea nui hoki mō te oranga o te tangata me te ao. Mā te mārama ake ki te horapa o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe, ka taea e tātou te maioha me te tiaki i tēnei taonga taiao mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai. Ko ngā mahi tiaki me te whakahaere pumau he mea nui ki te whakarite kia mau tonu te kanorau koiora me te mahi kia rite ki te kaupapa.
