Akoranga Hanga Reo Irirangi Ngāwari ki te Whai
Mā te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi māmā, ehara i te mea ka puta he mōhiotanga taketake mō ngā hikohiko anake, engari ka puta hoki he ngākau harikoa ina taea e koe te whakarongo ki ngā pāhotanga reo irirangi mai i tētahi taputapu i hangaia i te kāinga. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he aratohu taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa, ngāwari ki te whai, hei hanga i tētahi reo irirangi māmā. He pai tēnei akoranga mō te hunga tīmata me te hunga whai māramatanga taketake ki ngā hikohiko.
He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Wāhanga Taketake
I mua i te tīmatanga o te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā wāhanga taketake ka whakamahia e tātou. Anei ētahi wāhanga nui mō te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi māmā:
1. Ātete: He wāhanga e mahi ana hei aukati i te iahiko hiko i roto i te ara iahiko. Ko te tikanga ka whakaatuhia i roto i te Ohms (Ω).
2. Pūngahiko: He wāhanga e penapena ana, e tuku ana hoki i te pūngao hiko i roto i te wā poto. Ko tōna kaha e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā Farads (F).
3. Pūhikohiko: He wāhanga e penapena ana i te pūngao i te āhua o te papa aukume ina pā te iahiko hiko mā roto.
4. Pūhikohiko: He wāhanga e whakamahia ana hei whakakaha, hei pana, hei oscillator rānei i roto i ngā ara iahiko hiko.
5. Diode: He wāhanga e taea ai e te iahiko te rere i te taha kotahi anake.
6. Pūihi: Whakamahia hei whiwhi tohu reo irirangi mai i te rangi.
7. Taura Hononga: Taura e hono ai ngā wāhanga o te ara iahiko reo irirangi.
Ngā Hipanga hei Hanga i tētahi Reo Irirangi
Anei ngā mahi taipitopito mō te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi māmā:
1. Whakaritea ngā Utauta me ngā Rauemi
I mua i te tīmatanga o te kohikohi, me whakarite e koe ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi e whai ake nei:
– Papa Parāoa: Hei whakarite i ngā wāhanga mō te wā poto.
– Ngā Taura Pekepeke: Hei hono i ngā wāhanga ki te papa taro.
– Ngā ātete 1 kΩ me te 10 kΩ
– Ngā pūnga iahiko 10 µF me te 100 pF
– 0.1 mH te pūwhakakorikori
– Pūhiko NPN (hei tauira, BC548)
– te taioata germanium (hei tauira, 1N34A)
– Pūihi (waea roa)
– Pūtake hiko 9V (pūhiko)
– Ngā kaikorero iti, ngā taringa rānei
– He rino whakapiri me te rino whakapiri (mēnā e hiahiatia ana)
2. Te Huihui i te Ara Whakawhiwhi Tohu
He maha ngā wāhanga o te ara iahiko reo irirangi taketake, arā, te kaiwhiwhi tohu, te whakakaha reo, me te whakatikatika.
Kaiwhiwhi Tohu:
1. Honoa te pūihi ki tetahi pito o te inductor.
2. Honoa te pito kē atu o te inductor ki tētahi pūnga 100 pF, kātahi ka honoa te pūnga ki te whenua.
3. Te Huihui i te Ara Whakarerekē
Ka hurihia e te ara iahiko whakatikatika te tohu auau reo irirangi (RF) hei tohu oro e rangona ana.
1. Tūhonohia he diode germanium 1N34A i waenganui i te pito o te inductor e hono ana ki te capacitor me te ground.
2. Tāutahia he pūnga 10 µF kia whakarara ki te diode (te anode ki te whenua me te cathode ki te pūnga 100 pF).
4. Te Huihui i te Ara Whakakaha
Kei roto i te ara iahiko whakakaha ngā transistors me ētahi wāhanga tautoko.
1. Honoa te waewae kaikohi o te transistor NPN ki tetahi pito o te ātete 10 kΩ.
2. Honoa te pito kē atu o te ātete 10 kΩ ki te pūtake hiko pai (+9V).
3. Honoa te waewae emitter o te transistor ki te whenua.
4. Honoa he pūnga 10 µF i waenganui i te waewae turanga o te transistor ki te anode o te diode.
5. Honoa he pūoro iti, he taringaoro rānei ki waenganui i te waewae kaikohi o te transistor me te whenua.
5. Te Hononga Rauemi
Honoa he pūtake hiko 9V ki te ara iahiko:
1. Honoa te pito pai o te pākahiko ki te pito o te ātete 10 kΩ kāore i te hono ki te transistor.
2. Honoa te pito kino o te pākahiko ki te whenua o te ara iahiko.
6. Te Whakamātautau me te Whakarite
Kia oti te huihui o te ara iahiko, kua tae ki te wā ki te whakamātautau i tō reo irirangi i hangaia i te kāinga.
1. Whakakāhia te ara iahiko mā te hono atu i tētahi pākahiko 9V. Tirohia mēnā he wāhanga wera, he wāhanga paowa rānei. Mēnā koinā, whakawetohia tonutia, ka tirohia anō ngā hononga.
2. Ki te kore he raruraru, ngana ki te whakanoho i te pūihi ki tētahi wāhi tuwhera kia kaha ai te tohu.
3. Whakatikatikahia te tūranga o te pūihi me te pūnga iahiko taurangi (mēnā he mea kei roto) kia kitea ai te auau reo irirangi tino mārama.
4. Whakarongo ki ngā hua o te pāho mā roto i ngā kaikorero, i ngā taringa rānei.
Ngā Tohutohu Tāpiri
1. Te Tapanga Wāhanga: Kia tino tapaina ia wāhanga kia kore ai e pōhēhē. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te pānui me te whai i te mahere ara iahiko.
2. Te honohono: Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakakotahi tūturu, whakamahia he rino honohono me te PCB. Kia tino tupato ki te honohono kia kore ai e poto ngā ara iahiko.
3. Pūihi: He nui te pānga o te kounga o te pūihi ki te kaha, ki te ngoikore rānei o te tohu e whiwhihia ana. He pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi waea roa hei whiwhi i ētahi atu tohu e te pūihi.
4. Te Whakapūmau i te Whenua: Mā te whakapūmau pai ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te haruru me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te tohu. Me whakarite kei te tika te whakapūmau o te ara iahiko.
Te Katinga
He kaupapa ngahau, he kaupapa mātauranga hoki te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi māmā. Ko te tumanako, mā roto i ngā mahi i runga ake nei, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi hei whakarongo ki ngā pāhotanga reo irirangi ā-rohe. Hei tāpiri, mā tēnei wheako ka whakarei ake i tō māramatanga ki ngā kaupapa matua o te hikohiko me te mahi a ngā wāhanga i roto i tētahi ara iahiko. Kia ora, kia ora!
