He Aratohu mō te Hanga Reo Irirangi me te Pūwhakarite Mamati
Kāore he uaua o te hanga i tō ake reo irirangi i te kāinga, inā koa kua maha ngā waeine whakahāngai mamati e wātea ana, he whai hua, he iti te utu, ā, he pai te kounga oro. Mā te whakakotahi i te whakahāngai mamati, te whakakaha oro, me te kaikorero, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi FM (ko ētahi waeine e tautoko ana i te reo irirangi AM/SW, i te reo irirangi ipurangi rānei, i runga i te tauira) hei whakamahi i roto i tō rūma moe, i tō awheawhe, hei kaupapa ako hikohiko rānei. Ma tēnei tuhinga koe e ārahi mai i ngā kaupapa matua me te rārangi wāhanga ki te huihuinga me te whakamātautau, kia taea ai e koe te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi maeneene, whai hua.
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1. Te Mārama ki te Ariā o te Reo Irirangi me te Pūwhakatika Mamati
Ka whakamahia e ngā reo irirangi tuku iho ngā ara iahiko anaro hei tīpako i ngā auau (whakatū) mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnga iahiko taurangi me ngā ara iahiko orooro. I ngā reo irirangi hou, ka whakahaerehia te tukanga tīpako auau e tētahi kaiwhakatū matihiko e hangai ana ki te ara iahiko whakauru (IC) e whakauru ana i tētahi pūnaha porowhita maukati-wāhanga (PLL) me te tukatuka tohu pumau ake. Ko ngā painga matua o ngā kaiwhakatū matihiko ko:
1. Te whakahāngai tika ake: ka taea te whiriwhiri i te auau mō ia 100 kHz (he pai ake rānei, i runga i te kōwae).
2. Pūmau: kāore te auau e "neke" ngāwari pērā i te reo irirangi anaro.
3. Ngā āhuatanga tāpiri: matawai-aunoa, rokiroki hongere, whakaaturanga LCD, me te RDS (Pūnaha Raraunga Reo Irirangi) i runga i ētahi kōwae.
4. He māmā ake te huihuinga: Kāore koe e hiahia ki te hoahoa i te ara iahiko RF mai i te tīmatanga.
I roto i te mahi, ko ngā poraka matua e whai ake nei ka hangaia e tō pūnaha reo irirangi hanga-kāinga: pūihi → kaiwhakatika mamati → putanga oro (raina putanga) → whakakaha → kaikorero. Tāpirihia te pūtake hiko me ngā mana whakahaere, ā, kua rite te reo irirangi ki te whakamahi.
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2. Whakatauhia ngā Whakatakotoranga Kaupapa
I mua i te hoko i ngā wāhanga, whakatauhia ō hiahia:
– He reo irirangi FM anake, he hiahia rānei ki ētahi atu āhuatanga?
Mena ko te FM anake tāu e hiahia ana, ka rawaka he kōwae whakahāngai i runga i te IC TEA5767, RDA5807 rānei. Mena kei te hiahia koe i tētahi kōwae kua rite ki te whakamahi me tētahi panera me ngā pātene, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi kōwae whakahāngai mamati "panera o mua" e wātea whānuitia ana (he mata me ngā pātene te nuinga).
– He iti, he nui rānei te oro e puta ana?
Mō te tangi o te rūma, he rawaka te whakakaha oro 3–5 watt. Mō te awheawhe, mō te rūma nui rānei, he pai ake te 10–20 watts.
– Pūtake hiko: pākahiko, urutau rānei?
Ki te hiahia koe kia taea te kawe, whakamahia he pākahiko 18650 me te pikinga/hekenga. Ki te mea he pūmau, whakamahia he urutau DC 5V/9V/12V e hiahiatia ana.
Mā te mārama o ngā whakaritenga, ka māmā ake māu te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga hototahi.
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3. Rārangi o ngā Wāhanga e Hiahiatia ana
Anei ngā wāhanga whānui mō te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi me tētahi pūwhakatika matihiko:
A. Wāhanga Whakatakotoranga Mamati
Tīpakohia tētahi:
– Te waeine whakahāngai FM TEA5767 (I2C, e whakamahia pinepine ana me Arduino)
– Kōwae whakahāngai FM RDA5807 (I2C, he tairongo, he pumau hoki)
– He waeine reo irirangi matihiko kua rite ki te whakamahi (me te LCD, ngā pātene me te putanga oro tika)
Ki te kore koe e hiahia ki te hanga i tētahi mana whakahaere e ahu mai ana i te moroiti iti, he māmā ake te hanga i tētahi kōwae kua oti te hanga.
B. Whakakaha Oro
Ngā kōwhiringa whānui:
– PAM8403 (5V, 3W+3W reo irirangi, e tika ana mō ngā kaupapa iti)
– TPA3110/TPA3116 (12–24V, kaha ake, oro "totoka" ake)
– LM386 (he mea tuku iho, he māmā noa iho, engari he iti te mana me te haruru ka kitea ake)
C. Kaikōrero
– 4Ω, 8Ω rānei, i runga i te whakakaha
– 2–4 inihi mō ngā reo irirangi iti, nui ake rānei mō te oro papaku pai ake
D. Pūnaha Hiko
– Pūurutau DC 5V mō te PAM8403 + pūwhakatikatika
– 9–12V urutau mēnā he whakakaha nui ake te whakamahi
Tāpirihia he pana ON/OFF, me te mea e tika ana, he waeine whakaheke-hiko (kaitahuri buck) hei whakatika i te ngaohiko.
E. Pūihi
– Ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi taura 70–75 cm (mō te FM) hei pūihi māmā noa iho.
– He whai hua ake, he ātaahua ake hoki te pūihi karu
– Ki te ngoikore te tohu, whakamahia he pūihi o waho, whakatūria rānei te reo irirangi ki te taha o te matapihi.
F. Ngā Pūrere Tāpiri (Whiringa engari he āwhina)
– Pūmana oro (mēnā kāore he mana whakahaere o te whakakaha)
– He waeine LCD / OLED (mēnā ka whakahaerehia mā te Arduino)
– Pouaka/pouaka kaupapa (kirikiri, rakau, kirihou rānei)
– Te hononga oro, te hononga pūihi, me te hononga DC
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4. Kaupapa Arataki Taketake
Ngāwari noa iho:
1. Ka uru te pūihi ki te pūwhakatika mamati.
2. Ka haere te putanga oro a te kaiwhakaara (ko te L/R me te GND te tikanga) ki te whakakaha oro.
3. Putanga whakakaha ki ngā kaikōrero.
4. Ka whiwhi ngā kōwae katoa i te pūhiko hiko e ai ki ō rātou ngaohiko, ā, me hono te whenua ki a rātou anō (whenua noa).
Mena kei te whakamahi koe i tētahi kōwae whakahāngai Arduino:
– Mā te I2C (SDA/SCL) ka whakahaerehia te pūoro e Arduino.
– Pātene/whakawaehere hurihuri hei whakarerekē i te auau me te tiaki i ngā hongere.
– Ka whakaatuhia e te LCD te auau me te tūnga.
Mena kei te whakamahi koe i tētahi waeine whakahāngai kua oti kē te hanga:
– Ka hono noa koe i te oro ki te whakakaha, kātahi ka whakakahangia.
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5. Ngā Hipanga Huihuinga
Hipanga 1: Whakamātauria ngā Kōwae Motuhake
I mua i te hanganga, me whakarite kei te mahi ia kōwae:
– Whakakāhia te pūorooro, honoa te putanga oro ki tētahi pūorooro hohe, ki tētahi whakakaha iti rānei hei tirotiro mēnā kua hopukina te pāhotanga.
– Whakamātauria te whakakaha oro mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūtake oro waea pūkoro kia mōhio ai he rite tonu te putanga oro.
Mā tēnei ka ārai i a koe kei pōhēhē ina puta he raruraru i muri i te tāutanga o ngā mea katoa.
Hipanga 2: Tāutahia te Antenna
– Mō te whakamātautau, whakamahia te taura hei pūihi, ka ngana ki te whakahaere.
– Ki te whakamahi koe i tētahi pūihi karuārai, whakamaua ki runga i te anga ka hono atu ki te tāuru pūihi whakahāngai.
Puritia te pūihi kia matara atu i ngā taura hiko, kei nui ake pea te haruru.
Hipanga 3: Honoa te Tuner ki te Whakakaha
– Honoa te L/R/GND mai i te kaiwhakaara ki te tāuru whakakaha.
– Kia tūpato ki te taumata tohu: ka whakaratohia e ētahi kaiwhakatika he putanga taumata-raina e tika ana mō ngā whakakaha oro, engari ko ētahi me whakarite i te whakanui.
– Whakamahia ngā taura poto, ātaahua hoki hei whakaiti i te haruru.
Hipanga 4: Honoa te Whakakaha ki ngā Kaikōrero
– Kia tika te polarity o te kaikorero (+ ki te +, – ki te –) kia kore ai e hurihia te āhua.
– Ki te mea he reo irirangi, whakatūria kia rua ngā kaikorero, whakamahia rānei te aratau mono ina hiahiatia.
Hipanga 5: Whakaritea he Pūnaha Hiko Pūmau
– Me whakarite kia ōrite te ngaohiko ki ngā whakaritenga o te kōwae.
– Ki te whakamahi koe i tētahi urutau kotahi mō ngā mea katoa, whakaarohia he kaitahuri mana/pūngao mō te kaiwhakaara (hei tauira, me 5V te kaiwhakaara, ko te whakakaha ia me 12V).
– Tāpirihia he pūnga hiko (hei tauira, 470µF–1000µF) ki te taha o te tāuru whakakaha kia pumau ake ai te pūnga.
Hipanga 6: Whakaritea i roto i te Kete
– Hangaia he kōhao mō ngā pātene, te mata, ngā kaikorero me te putanga hiko.
– Wehea te ara oro mai i te ara hiko ki te tawhiti rawa e taea ana.
– Whakamahia he mokowā, he whakairinga PCB rānei hei ārai i te poto o te anga.
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6. Te Whakamātautau me te Whakatikatika
Kia oti ngā mea katoa te tāuta:
1. Whakakāhia te reo irirangi, tirohia mēnā kei te mahi tika te pūwhakatika.
2. Rapua ngā pāhotanga mā te matawai, mā te whakahāngai ā-ringa rānei.
3. Whakatikatikahia te oro, kia tino mohio kei nui rawa te hē o te oro.
4. Whakarongo ki tētahi haruru/ngūngū. Mena he:
– Tirohia te whenua (kia kotahi te pūwāhi whenua matua)
– Whakapotohia te taura whakauru oro
– Tāpirihia he pūnga wetewete 100nF tata ki ngā titi hiko o te kaiwhakaara me te whakakaha
– Whakakapia te urutau ki tētahi atu pai ake (he maha ngā wā ka haruru ngā urutau iti te utu)
Mō ngā kōwae me te RDS, rapua he teihana e tautoko ana i te RDS kia tirohia ai mēnā kei te puta te ingoa o te teihana.
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7. Ngā Tohutohu mō ngā Hua Pai Ake
– Whakamahia he pouaka pakari: he pai ake te haruru o te oro o te rakau mō ngā kaikorero iti.
– Kōwhiria he kaikōrero kounga teitei: ka pai ake te tangi o tētahi reo irirangi māmā mēnā he pai ngā kaikōrero.
– Tāpirihia te mana oro pārū/tārua (whiringa kore) mā te whakamahi i tētahi mana oro māmā, i tētahi waeine preamp rānei.
– Kia tūpato ki te tūranga o te pūihi: he maha ngā wā ka whakatauhia te kounga o te whiwhinga e te pūihi, kaua e te kaiwhakatika.
– Whakamahia he pātene/whakawaehere hurihuri: he pai ake i ngā pātene auau ki runga, ki raro.
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8. Whakamutunga
He kaupapa ngahau, he kaupapa ako hoki te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi me tētahi pūoro matihiko. Kāore koe e hiahia ki te hoahoa i tētahi ara iahiko RF uaua, nā te mea ko te waeine pūoro matihiko te kaiwhakahaere i te tukanga pūoro māu. Mā te tāpiri i tētahi whakakaha oro e tika ana, ngā kaikorero pai, me tētahi pūtake hiko pumau, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi he oro mārama me te mahi. Tīmata ki tētahi putanga māmā (pūoro kua oti te hanga + whakakaha oro + kaikorero), kātahi ka whakawhānui ake me ngā āhuatanga tāpiri pēnei i te rokiroki hongere, te whakaaturanga auau, tae atu ki tētahi hoahoa pouaka huatau ake. Mā te waea me te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga, ka taea e tō reo irirangi matihiko te noho hei taputapu tino whai hua, ehara i te mea he kaupapa whakaaturanga noa iho.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te hanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o tēnei tuhinga (me ngā tauira waea mō te TEA5767/RDA5807 + Arduino, ngā rārangi pine, me ngā tauira waehere), he putanga whai hua ake rānei mō te waeine whakahāngai "papa o mua" mono-roto.
