He Aratohu mō te Hanga i tētahi Reo Irirangi AM mō ngā Tīmatanga
Pendahuluan
Ko te reo irirangi AM (Amplitude Modulation) tētahi o ngā hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhito rawa atu, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20. Ahakoa he maha atu ngā hangarau matatau pēnei i te reo irirangi FM, mamati, me te amiorangi, he tino rongonui tonu te reo irirangi AM, inā koa mō ngā kaiwhaiwhai hikohiko. He kaupapa ako, he kaupapa ngahau hoki te hanga i tō ake reo irirangi AM mō ngā tīmatanga. Ka hipokina e tēnei tuhinga ngā mahi taketake mō te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi AM māmā mai i te tīmatanga.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Reo Irirangi AM
Ka mahi te reo irirangi AM mā te whakarerekē i te kaha o te tohu kawe kia ōrite ki te tohu oro. He maha ngā wāhanga matua o tēnei tukanga:
1. Pūihi: Ka whiwhi tohu reo irirangi.
2. Kaiwhakatikatika: Tīpakohia te auau motuhake e hiahia ana koe ki te whakarongo.
3. Pūoko: Tangohia te tohu oro mai i te tohu kawe.
4. Whakakaha: Ka whakapakari i te tohu oro kia rangona mā roto i ngā kaikorero, i ngā paneoro rānei.
Ngā Utauta me ngā Rauemi e Hiahiatia ana
I mua i tō tīmatanga, kia mohio kei a koe ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi e whai ake nei:
1. Pūihi: Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi waea roa, tata ki te 10 mita te roa.
2. Kaiwhakatakoto: Pūnga hiko me te koiri rerekē, ka taea e koe te hanga i tāu ake, te hoko rānei i tētahi huinga.
3. Pūoko: Diode Germanium (hei tauira, 1N34A).
4. Whakakaha: Ngā taringaoro, ngā kaikorero rānei, me ētahi transistors me ngā ātete mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te hanga i tētahi whakakaha oro māmā.
5. Papa parāoa, PCB rānei: Hei whakakotahi i ngā wāhanga.
6. Te Hononga me te Tini: Ki te whakatau koe ki te huihui i ngā wāhanga ki runga i te PCB.
7. Mita Maha: Hei whakamātautau i ngā hononga me ngā uara wāhanga.
Te Hanga i tētahi Pūihi
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te hanga, te tāuta rānei i tētahi pūihi. Ka taea te whakahaere i tētahi taura 10 mita te roa ki waho o te whare, o te rūma rānei, kia pai ake ai te whiwhinga tohu. Ka honoa tēnei pūihi ki te pūwhakatika o te reo irirangi.
Te Hanga i tētahi Tuner (Oscillator me te Pūnga Taurangi)
He wāhanga matua te kaiwhakatika oro e āhei ai koe ki te tīpako i ngā auau motuhake. Anei me pēhea te hanga i tētahi kaiwhakatika oro māmā:
1. Pōkai, Ārai rānei: Hangaia he pōkai mā te whakamahi i te waea parahi enamel kia 20-25 ngā takahuri huri noa i tētahi ngongo kirihou, kia 1 henimita te whānui.
2. Pūngao Taurangi: Ka kitea tēnei i roto i ngā reo irirangi tawhito, i ngā mea rānei kua hokona. Mā tēnei pūngao taurangi ka taea e koe te whakarerekē i te pūngao hei whiriwhiri i ngā auau rerekē.
Ara Whakatūhono
Honoa tētahi pito o te koiri ki tētahi pito o te pūnga hiko taurangi. Honoa tētahi pito o te koiri ki te whenua. Honoa tētahi atu pito o te pūnga hiko taurangi ki te whenua. Me hono tēnei hononga ki te pūihi.
Te Hanga i tētahi Pūoko
Ka whakamahia ngā taputapu kite hei wehewehe i ngā tohu oro mai i ngā tohu kawe. He wāhanga pai ngā taiope germanium mō tēnei kaupapa nā te mea he iti rawa ngā ngaohiko whakahohe e hiahiatia ana. Anei me pēhea te hanga i tētahi taputapu kite:
Porowhita Pūoko
1. Honoa tetahi pito o te diode ki te pūwāhi e honoa ana te koiri me te pūnga iahiko taurangi.
2. Honoa te pito kē atu o te diode ki te whenua mā te ātete o te 10kΩ me te pūnga whakarara o te 0.01µF.
Ko te tohu i tukatukahia e tēnei ara iahiko he tohu oro kua rite ki te whakanuia.
Te Hanga i tētahi Whakakaha Māmā
Hei whakarongo mārama ki tētahi tohu oro, me whakakaha. I konei, ka hangaia e mātou he whakakaha māmā mā te whakamahi i ngā transistors.
Ngā Wāhanga Whakakaha
1. He transistor NPN pērā i te 2N3904.
2. Ngā Ātete: 10kΩ me te 1kΩ.
3. Pūngao: 100µF mō te hononga.
4. Ngā taringaoro, ngā kaikorero iti rānei.
Ara Whakakaha
1. Honoa te putanga o te pūoko (te pūwāhi i waenganui i te diode me te ātete) ki te turanga o te transistor mā te ātete 10kΩ.
2. Honoa te kaituku transistor ki te whenua.
3. Honoa te kaikohi o te transistor ki tētahi pito paneoro mā te ātete 1kΩ.
4. Honoa te pito kē atu o ngā paneoro ki te whenua.
5. Whakatakotoria he pūnga 100µF i waenganui i te putanga pūoko me te turanga transistor hei aukati i te ngaohiko DC.
Te Whakakotahi i ngā Mea Katoa
Kia rite katoa ngā wāhanga matua, ka taea e koe te tīmata ki te huihui i te ara iahiko ki runga i te papa parāoa, i te PCB rānei. Anei ngā mahi:
1. Honoa te Pūihi: Honoa te pūihi ki te koiri whakahāngai.
2. Tāutahia te Tuner: Honoa te koiri ki te pūnga hiko taurangi ka honoa ki te whenua.
3. Hononga Kaiwhakatikatika ki te Pūoko: Honoa te putanga o te kaiwhakatikatika ki te tāuru o te pūoko.
4. Honoa te Putanga Pūoko ki te Whakakaha: Honoa te putanga pūoko ki te whakakaha mā te whakamahi i te pūnga honohono.
5. Honoa te Whakakaha ki ngā Paneoro: Kia tika te hononga, ā, tāutahia te ātete tuku oro kia rite ki te hoahoa.
Te Whakarite me te Whakatakoto
Kia oti te hanga i te ara iahiko, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakahāngai i te pūwhakahāngai ki ngā teihana reo irirangi whiwhi. Tahurihia mārire te pūnga whakapūngao taurangi i a koe e whakarongo ana mā roto i ngā pane whakarongo kia kitea he tohu mārama. Tērā pea me whakarerekē ētahi ki te koiri me te pūihi kia whiwhi ai i te whiwhinga pai rawa atu.
Te Whakamātautau me te Whakatau Rapanga
Ki te kore e rangona he oro, ka āwhina pea ēnei tohutohu rapurongoā:
1. Tirohia ngā Hononga: Kia tika, kia kaha hoki ngā hononga katoa.
2. Ine i te Ngaohiko: Whakamahia he mita maha hei whakarite kei te tika te ngaohiko i ia wāhanga o te ara iahiko.
3. Tirohia ngā Wāhanga: Me whakarite kei te mahi tika ngā diode, ngā transistors, me ngā capacitors.
4. Te Whakarerekētanga o te Pūihi: I ētahi wā me whakarerekē te tūranga, te roa rānei o te pūihi.
Te Katinga
He kaupapa tino whai hua, he kaupapa ako hoki te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi AM māmā. Kua ako koe i ngā mātāpono taketake o te whakarerekētanga kaha, te mahi a ngā wāhanga i roto i te kaiwhiwhi reo irirangi, me pēhea te whakakotahi i a rātou hei pūnaha mahi. Whakamātauria tonutia ngā wāhanga me ngā whirihoranga rerekē hei whakapai ake i te whiwhinga me te kounga oro. Kia ora, kia ora!
Mā te mārama me te whakamātau i tēnei, kua tangohia e koe te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whakapai ake i tō pūkenga ki ngā mahi hiko me ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero reo irirangi. Kia pai tō whakamātautau, kia angitu hoki!
