Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi mō ngā hākinakina hiko
He wero motuhake tonu ngā mahi hikohiko mā ngā kaiwhaiwhai. Ko tētahi kaupapa e whakamahia ana hei wāhi ako ko te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi. Mā te hanga i tō ake reo irirangi, ehara i te mea ka pai koe ki te waihanga i tētahi mea mai i te tīmatanga, engari ka mārama ake hoki koe ki te mahi a ngā wāhanga hikohiko. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga, taahiraa i te taahiraa, me pēhea te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi māmā mā ngā kaiwhaiwhai hikohiko.
Pendahuluan
He taputapu hiko te reo irirangi e whakamahia ana hei whiwhi i ngā ngaru reo irirangi, hei huri i aua ngaru hei oro. Mā te hopu i ngā tohu RF (Redio Frequency) mai i tētahi tuku ka huri hei ngaru oro e rangona ana te mahi a ngā reo irirangi. Ko te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi me whai i ētahi wāhanga hiko taketake pērā i ngā ātete, ngā pūnga, ngā inductors, me ngā transistors, me tētahi pūtake hiko anō hoki.
Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi
I mua i tō tīmatanga, kia tino mōhio kei a koe ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi e tika ana. Anei te rārangi o ngā wāhanga taketake e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i tētahi reo irirangi māmā:
1. Pūihi – hei hopu i ngā tohu RF.
2. Ngā Pūnga – hei tātari me te penapena i ngā tohu hiko.
3. Ātete – hei whakahaere i te iahiko i roto i te ara iahiko.
4. Pūwhakakorikori – hei penapena pūngao i te āhua o te papa aukume.
5. Pūwhakawhiti – hei whakanui i ngā tohu hiko.
6. Pūoro, Taringa rānei – hei whakaputa oro.
7. Pūnaha Hiko (Pūhiko 9V) – hei pūtake hiko.
8. PCB (Papa Arahiko Tānga) – hei pūtake mō te ara iahiko.
9. Ngā taura me te rino honohono – hei hono i ngā wāhanga.
Te Mārama ki ngā Kaupapa Arahiko
I mua i te huihuinga, me mārama koe ki te hoahoa ara iahiko o te reo irirangi. He maha ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi ara iahiko reo irirangi AM: he pūihi me te tātari, he kaiwhakatika, he pūoko, me te whakakaha oro. Anei tētahi whakamārama poto mō ia wāhanga:
1. Pūihi me te Tātari: Ka hopukina e tēnei wāhanga ngā tohu reo irirangi mai i te rangi, ā, ka tātarihia ngā tohu e hiahiatia ana.
2. Kaiwhakatikatika: Ka tīpakohia e tēnei wāhanga he auau motuhake o te tohu ka whiwhihia e te pūihi.
3. Pūoko: Ka wehea e tēnei wāhanga te tohu oro mai i te tohu kawe reo irirangi.
4. Whakakaha Oro: Ka whakanuia e tēnei wāhanga te tohu oro kia rangona mā roto i ngā kaikorero, i ngā taringa rānei.
Ngā Hipanga hei Hanga i tētahi Reo Irirangi
Hipanga 1: Te Hanga i te Antenna me te Tātari
Ko te pūihi te wāhanga tuatahi e hiahiatia ana e koe. Ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi pūihi māmā mā te whakamahi i tētahi waea roa (tata ki te 1-2 mita). Me tāpiri hoki e koe he pūnga hiko me tētahi inductor hei hanga i tētahi ara iahiko resonant hei tātari i te tohu e whiwhihia ana.
"`kuputuhi māmā
Ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana:
– 1m Waea parahi
– 1 Pūnga 10nF
– 1 Pūwhakakorikori 100μH
""
Hipanga 2: Te Huihui i te Tuner
Ka whakamahia te pūwhakatika hei tīpako i tētahi auau motuhake mai i te tohu e whiwhihia ana e te pūihi. Ko te tikanga, he pūnga iahiko taurangi me tētahi inductor e honoa whakarara ana te pūwhakatika.
"`kuputuhi māmā
Ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana:
– 1 Pūnga iahiko rerekē 10-200pF
– 1 Pūwhakakorikori 100μH
""
Hipanga 3: Kaitirotiro
Ka wehea te tohu oro e te pūoko i te tohu kawe reo irirangi. I konei, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi diode pūoko pērā i te diode germanium.
"`kuputuhi māmā
Ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana:
– 1 tīoata Germanium (1N34, rite rānei)
– 1 Pūnga 10nF
""
Hipanga 4: Whakakaha Oro
Ka whakamahia ngā whakakaha oro hei whakakaha i ngā tohu oro. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te transistor hei whakakaha noa iho.
"`kuputuhi māmā
Ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana:
– 1 pūwhakawhiti NPN (hei tauira, 2N3904)
– 1 ātete 1kΩ
– 1 ātete 10kΩ
– 1 Pūnga 100μF
– 1 Pūoro iti, taringa rānei
""
Te Huihui i te Ara Iahiko
1. Tīmata ki te Pūihi me te Tātari:
Honoa te pito o te waea pūihi ki tētahi inductor 100μH. Honoa te pito kē atu o te inductor ki tētahi pūnga 10nF, ā, honoa te pito kore utu o te pūnga ki te whenua.
2. Kaiwhakatikatika:
Honoa he pūnga iahiko taurangi 10-200pF ki tētahi inductor 100μH (kāore i te rite ki te inductor i runga i te pūihi). Honoa te pito kē atu o te pūnga iahiko taurangi ki te whenua.
3. Kaitirotiro:
Honoa he taio germanium ki waenganui o te pūnga me te inductor i runga i te tuner. Honoa tetahi atu pito o te taio ki te pūnga 10nF, ka honoa te pūnga 10nF ki te whenua.
4. Whakakaha Oro:
Hangaia he ara iahiko whakakaha mā te whakamahi i tētahi transistor NPN. Honoa te kaituku o te transistor ki te whenua mā te ātete 1kΩ. Honoa te turanga o te transistor ki te putanga pūoko mā te ātete 10kΩ. Honoa te kaikohi o te transistor ki te putanga kaikorero mā te pūnga 100μF. Honoa te pito kē atu o te kaikorero ki te pūtake hiko pai mai i te pākahiko 9V.
5. Te Hono i ngā Porowhita Katoa:
Honoa ngā wāhanga katoa kua huihuia ki ngā taura i runga i te PCB. Me whakarite kia tika te hononga o ia hononga, ā, kia kore he ara iahiko poto e hiahiatia ana i waenga i ngā raina.
Te Whakaoti me te Whakamātautau
Kia honoa ngā wāhanga katoa, kia tirohia anō ia hononga. Mena kua honoa tika ngā mea katoa, ka taea e koe te whakakaha i te reo irirangi mā te hono atu i tētahi pākahiko 9V.
– Whakamātautau Tuatahi: Tāutahia he pākahiko 9V ka hurihia te pūnga hiko taurangi hei tirotiro mēnā he tohu reo irirangi. Ki te kore koe e rongo i tetahi mea, tirohia anō ngā hononga me ngā wāhanga. Tērā pea he mea kāore i te hono tika, he hapa rānei kei roto i te ara iahiko.
– Whakatūnga: Me whakarerekē pea koe i te pūnga iahiko taurangi kia whiwhi ai i te auau reo irirangi e hiahiatia ana.
Mā te manawanui me te whakapau kaha, ka taea e koe te hanga i tō ake reo irirangi! He kaupapa tino whai hua tēnei, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei tūāpapa mō ētahi atu kaupapa hikohiko.
Whakamutunga
He kaupapa ngahau, he kaupapa mātauranga hoki te hanga reo irirangi mō ngā kaiwhaiwhai hikohiko. Mā te whai i ngā kaupae i runga ake nei, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi māmā, ā, ka mārama ake koe ki te mahi a ngā wāhanga hikohiko. Ehara i te mea ka whakaratohia e tēnei kaupapa he māramatanga mahi noa iho mō ngā mātāpono hikohiko taketake, engari ka whakaratohia hoki he wairua motuhake o te makona ki te hanga i tētahi taputapu mahi mai i ngā wāhanga taketake. Kia ora, kia pai tō mahi whakangahau hikohiko!
