Te Ariā Hinengaro Tangata me Ōna Whakamahinga
Ko te hinengaro tangata tētahi o ngā kura whakaaro nui o te hinengaro e whakanoho ana i te tangata ki waenganui o te aro: e kitea ana te tangata he takitahi katoa, he pūmanawa, he herekore ki te whiriwhiri, me te hihiri ā-taiao ki te whanake. I puta mai tēnei kura hei "kaha tuatoru" i muri i te tātaritanga hinengaro, e aro nui ana ki ngā hihiri kore mohio, me te whanonga, e aro nui ana ki ngā whanonga kitea. I puta mai te hinengaro tangata hei aro ki te hiahia ki te mārama ki ngā wheako tangata takitahi—te tikanga o te ora, ngā uara, ngā whāinga, ngā kare ā-roto, me te whakatinanatanga-whaiaro—i te nuinga o te wā i kiia he iti noa te whai hua i ngā kura e rua o mua.
Papamuri me ngā Whakaaro Taketake
I roto i ngā tau o mua, i tere te whanaketanga o te hinengaro tangata i waenganui o te rautau 20, inā koa nā ngā whakaaro o ngā tāngata pēnei i a Abraham Maslow rāua ko Carl Rogers. I whakahē rāua i te tirohanga he "hua" noa iho te tangata i ngā pakanga o te tamarikitanga, he hua noa iho rānei o te hanganga taiao. E whakawhirinaki ana te whakaaro tangata ki ētahi whakaaro matua:
1. He pai ngā whakaaro o te tangata, ā, he hiahia anō hoki kia tipu.
Ahakoa ka taea e te tangata te whanonga kino, e kite ana ngā tāngata whakaaro tangata i tēnei whanonga he mea e pā ana ki ngā matea kua āraia, ngā wheako mamae, ngā taiao kore tautoko rānei.
2. He puna raraunga nui te wheako whaiaro.
Ko te whakamārama a te tangata i tētahi huihuinga e whakatau ana i te pānga hinengaro, nui atu i te huihuinga tonu.
3. Te herekore ki te whiriwhiri (te hiahia noa) me te kawenga whaiaro.
E whakaae ana ngā tohunga hinengaro tangata ki te noho o ngā awe koiora me ngā awe pāpori, engari e whakanui tonu ana i te kaha o te tangata takitahi ki te whiriwhiri me te whakahaere i te ao.
4. He mea hanga tino katoa te tangata.
He hononga ngā whakaaro, ngā kare ā-roto, te tinana, ngā whanaungatanga pāpori, me ngā uara o te ao, ā, me mārama ngātahi.
Nā tēnei, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te huarahi tangata hei mārama ki te whanaketanga tangata, te kaupapa tohutohu, te mātauranga, ngā ratonga hauora, me te ao mahi.
Āperahama Maslow me te Aroārahi o ngā Hiahia
He rongonui a Abraham Maslow mō tana ariā whakarōpūtanga o ngā matea, e whakaahua ana i ngā matea tangata kua whakaritea mai i te taumata iti ki te taumata teitei. I te nuinga o te wā, i whakarōpūhia e Maslow ngā matea penei:
1. Ngā hiahia ā-tinana: te kai, te inu, te moe, te hauora taketake.
2. Haumarutanga: he wairua o te haumaru ā-tinana, te pumau, te tiakitanga.
3. Aroha me te noho tahi: te whakahoahoa, te whānau, te whakaae a te rōpū.
4. Te whakaute: te whakaute i a ia anō, te mātau, te mōhiotia.
5. Te whakatinana i a koe anō: te whakawhanake i te pūmanawa, te whakatutuki i te tikanga me te kaupapa o te ao.
I roto i te mahi, kāore tēnei kaupapa whakarōpū i te pūmau tonu; ka taea e te tangata te whai i te tikanga o te ao ahakoa kāore i te tino haumaru ā-pūtea. Heoi, kei te whai tikanga tonu te ariā matua: ko ngā hiahia taketake kāore i tutuki he maha ngā wā ka ārai i te tipu hinengaro. Hei tauira, ko ngā ākonga e hiakai ana, e kore rānei e noho haumaru i te kura ka uaua ki te arotahi ki ā rātou akoranga, ki te whakawhanake rānei i ō rātou auahatanga.
I whakanuia anō hoki e Maslow te ariā o ngā wheako tihi, arā, ngā wheako tihi ina rongo te tangata i te tino ora, te whai tikanga, te hono, me te whakakotahi i a ia anō. He maha ngā wā e pā ana ēnei wheako ki te auahatanga, te wairuatanga, te whakatutukitanga, ngā hononga pāpori hōhonu rānei.
Carl Rogers me te Huarahi e Arotahi ana ki te Kiritaki
Nā Carl Rogers i whakawhanake te Tangata-Centered Therapy, ā, kua noho hei tētahi o ngā huarahi whai mana nui i roto i te ao o te kaunihera hou. E ai ki a Rogers, he hihiri ā-taiao tō te tangata e kiia nei ko te authenticating tendency, he authenticating tendency ki te tipu, ki te whakaora, me te noho hei putanga pai rawa atu o rātou anō i raro i ngā āhuatanga hinengaro tautoko.
E toru ngā āhuatanga matua e hiahiatia ana i roto i tētahi whanaungatanga whakaora i whakanuia e Rogers:
1. Te aroha: te āheinga ki te mārama ki ngā wheako o te kiritaki mai i tōna ake tirohanga.
2. Whakaaro pai mutunga kore: te whakaae ki te kiritaki hei tangata, me te kore e whakahāwea.
3. Te Pono (te ōritetanga): kei te aroaro pono te kaiwhakaora hinengaro, kāore he tinihanga, ā, he rite tonu i waenga i ōna kare ā-roto me ōna whanonga.
I tēnei horopaki, ka nui ake te māia o ngā kiritaki mā te tūhura i ō rātou kare ā-roto, te whakaae ki ō rātou patunga o roto, me te whakawhanake i te māramatanga ki a rātou anō. Ehara i te mea ko te tuku tohutohu te whāinga, engari ko te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te kimi whakautu i roto i a rātou anō.
Te Whakaaro Whaiaro, te Taupatupatu, me te Tipu
I roto i te kaupapa tangata, he mea nui te whakaaro whaiaro. Ko te whakaaro whaiaro te tirohanga me te aromatawai a te tangata i a ia anō, pērā i te "He kaha ahau," "Kāore au i te tika," me te "Me tino tika tonu ahau." I whakamārama a Rogers he maha ngā raruraru hinengaro ka puta mai ina he rerekētanga: he kore taurite i waenga i ngā wheako tūturu me te whakaaro whaiaro.
Hei tauira, ko te tangata e whakaaro ana "me kaha" ia, ka pehi pea i tōna pouri. Ina mau tonu te pouri, ka kite ia i a ia anō he ngoikore, he koretake rānei. Ka arahi tēnei ki te pakanga ā-roto, te ahotea, me te manukanuka. I roto i te whakaora tangata, ka āwhinahia te tangata ki te whakaae i ngā kare ā-roto hei wāhanga o te noho tangata, ki te whakahou i ngā whakapono whaiaro kāore i te pono, me te noho tahi me ō rātou wheako tūturu.
Te Whakamahinga o te Hinengaro Tangata i roto i te Tohutohu me te Whakaora
Ko te whakamahinga tika rawa atu o te whakaaro tangata ko te mahi tohutohu. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei huarahi hei:
– Ngā raruraru whanaungatanga, pērā i ngā pakanga a te hoa rangatira, a te whānau rānei, nā te arotahi ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero aroha me ngā matea kare ā-roto.
– Te manukanuka me te ahotea, mā te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te kite i ngā kare ā-roto, ngā uara o te ao, me ngā matea kua warewarehia.
– Te raruraru o te tuakiri me te tikanga o te ao, hei tauira, ina ngaro te mahi, ina uru ki te pakeketanga, ina pāngia rānei e te pouri.
– Te whakapakari i te whakaaro nui ki a koe anō, mā te wheako o te whakaaetia me te māramatanga, me te kore e whakahengia.
I roto i ngā horopaki maha, kāore ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro tangata e mahi ana hei "tohunga e mōhio ana ki te mea pai rawa atu," engari hei kaiāwhina i te tukanga. Ko te whanaungatanga whakaora tonu e kiia ana ko te mea whakaora matua.
Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Mātauranga: Te Whakatangata i te Ako
Ka awe anō hoki te whakaaro tangata i te mātauranga mā te whakaaro ehara i te mea ko te ako he mea noa iho mō ngā tau me te maumahara, engari mō te whanaketanga o te tuakiri. Ko ngā tono tuturu ko:
– Te āhuarangi akomanga haumaru hinengaro: ka maia ngā ākonga ki te pātai me te whakamātau, me te kore e wehi kei whakama rātou.
– Huarahi e aro ana ki te ākonga: ka aro atu ngā kaiako ki ngā hiahia, ki ngā momo ako, me ngā wheako o ngā ākonga.
– Te whakapakari i te hihiri ā-roto: te akiaki i ngā ākonga ki te ako nā te hiahia ki te ako me ngā whāinga whaiaro, kaua ko te whiu, ko te utu rānei anake.
– Te ako i te āhua me te kare ā-roto: te whakangungu i te aroha, te mōhio ki a ia anō, me ngā pūkenga pāpori.
Mā te huarahi tangata, ka kitea ngā ākonga he tāngata takitahi e tipu haere ana, ehara i te "ipu kau" hei whakakī.
Ngā Taupānga i te Ao Mahi: Te Kaiārahi me te Oranga
I roto i ngā whakahaere, e kitea ana te whakaaro tangata i roto i te ariā o te kaiārahi tautoko me te ahurea mahi e whakanui ana i te tangata. Ko ōna tono ko:
– Haumaru hinengaro: ka noho haumaru ngā kaimahi ki te whakapuaki i ō rātou whakaaro, i ā rātou hapa rānei, me te kore e wehi kei whiua hētia rātou.
– Te whakangungu me te urupare whai hua: arotahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga me ngā whāinga whaiaro.
– Te taurite o te oranga: te aro ki te hauora hinengaro, te kawenga mahi, me ngā matea o te whānau.
– Te whanaketanga pea: he whakangungu e hangai ana ki ngā hiahia me ngā kaha o ngā kaimahi.
Ko ngā whakahaere e whakamahi ana i ngā uara tangata, e titiro ana ki ngā kaimahi he rawa tangata, ehara i te mea he rauemi whakaputa anake.
Te Arotake me ngā Here o te Hinengaro Tangata
Ahakoa tōna awe, kei reira anō ngā kaiwhakahē o te hinengaro tangata. Ko ētahi ariā e kiia ana he tino pai rawa, he uaua rānei ki te whakamātautau mārire nā te mea he āhua takitahi. Hei tāpiri, ko tōna whakanui i te herekoretanga takitahi ka kitea he kore e aro ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga pērā i te rawakore, te whakahāwea, te urunga atu rānei ki te mātauranga. Nō reira, he maha ngā kaimahi o ēnei rā e whakakotahi ana i te tangata me ētahi atu huarahi, pērā i te whakaora hinengaro-whanonga, i ngā tirohanga ahurea pāpori rānei, kia tutuki ai he huarahi whānui ake.
Te Katinga
Ko te ariā hinengaro tangata e tuku ana i tētahi tirohanga e whakanui ana i te mana tangata, te wheako whaiaro, me te pūmanawa mō te tipu. Mā roto i ngā whakaaro a Maslow mō ngā matea me te whakatinanatanga o te tangata anō, me te huarahi arotahi-kiritaki a Rogers, ka whakaratohia e te tangata he turanga pakari mō ngā mahi tohutohu tangata, mātauranga, me te whanaketanga whakahaere. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakamahara mai te hinengaro tangata ehara te tangata i te kohinga tohu, i ngā whanonga rānei, engari he takitahi he tumanako, he tikanga, me te kaha ki te huri ina tukuna he wāhi haumaru hei whanaketanga.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia 1000 kupu tonu, te tāpiri i ngā tauira take (i roto i te kura/te tohutohu/te mahi), te tāpiri rānei i tētahi rārangi pukapuka mō ngā mahi mātauranga.
