# Te Hiranga o te Hinengaro Whanaketanga i roto i te Mātauranga
He mea nui te mātauranga ki te whanaketanga o te tangata takitahi me te hapori. Hei tukanga e aro ana ki te whakanui ake i te pūmanawa o te tangata takitahi, he mea nui kia mārama ki te whanaketanga o te tangata puta noa i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ao, tae atu ki te tinana, te hinengaro, te pāpori, me te kare ā-roto. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai te hinengaro whanaketanga. Ko te hinengaro whanaketanga he peka pūtaiao e ako ana i ngā huringa me te whanaketanga o te tangata takitahi puta noa i te ao. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga te hiranga o te hinengaro whanaketanga i roto i te horopaki o te mātauranga, mai i te māramatanga ariā ki te whakatinanatanga mahi i roto i te mara.
## Te Māramatanga Ariā i roto i te Hinengaro Whanaketanga
Hei tīmatanga i tēnei kōrero, he mea nui kia mārama ki ētahi ariā matua o te hinengaro whanaketanga e pā tika ana ki te mātauranga. Kei roto i ēnei ariā:
### 1. Te Ariā o te Whanaketanga Hinengaro a Jean Piaget
He tino tangata rongonui a Jean Piaget i roto i te hinengaro whanaketanga. Ko tana ariā e aro ana ki te whanaketanga o te whakaaro me te māramatanga o ngā tamariki ki te ao e karapoti nei i a rātou. I wehea e Piaget te whanaketanga hinengaro kia whā ngā wāhanga: te whanaketanga pūoro-ā-tinana, te whanaketanga i mua i te mahi, te whanaketanga tūturu, me te whanaketanga ōkawa.
– Wāhanga Pūoro-ā-ringa (0-2 tau): I tēnei wāhanga, ka ako ngā tamariki i te ao mā roto i ō rātou kare ā-roto me ā rātou mahi.
– Wāhanga Whakahaere (2-7 tau): Ka tīmata ngā tamariki ki te whakamahi i ngā tohu, pērā i ngā kupu me ngā pikitia, hei tohu i ngā taonga.
– Wāhanga Whakahaere Tūturu (7-11 tau): Ka tīmata ngā tamariki ki te whakaaro arorau mō ngā kaupapa tūturu.
– Wāhanga Whakahaere Whaimana (12 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei): Ka whanake te whakaaro arorau hei kaupapa whakarāpopoto.
Mā te mārama ki ēnei wāhanga, ka taea e ngā kaiako te hanga marautanga me ngā rautaki whakaako e rite ana ki ngā pūkenga hinengaro o ngā tamariki.
### 2. Te Ariā o Erik Erikson mō te Whanaketanga Hapori
I whakawhanakehia e Erik Erikson e waru ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga hinengaro-pāpori e whakaahua ana i ngā wero nui e pā ana ki te tangata puta noa i ō rātou oranga, mai i te pēpitanga ki te koroheketanga.
– Wāhanga Whakawhirinaki vs. Whakawhirinaki Kore Whakawhirinaki (0-1,5 tau): Ka ako ngā tamariki ki te whakawhirinaki, ki te kore rānei e whakawhirinaki ki ngā tāngata e karapoti ana i a rātou.
– Wāhanga Mana Motuhake vs. Whakama me te Ruarua (1,5-3 tau): Ka tīmata ngā tamariki ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga motuhake.
– Wāhanga Whakaaro Nui vs. Wāhanga Hara (3-5 tau): Ka tīmata ngā tamariki ki te whakamahere i ngā mahi me te whai whakaaro nui.
– Wāhanga Ahumahi vs. Whakaiti (5-12 tau): Ka tīmata ngā tamariki ki te aro atu ki ngā tono o te kura, ā, ka whakawhanake i te wairua whakahīhī mō ā rātou whakatutukitanga.
– Wāhanga Tuakiri vs. Pōhēhē Tūranga (12-18 tau): Ka rapu ngā taiohi i tō rātou tuakiri.
– Wāhanga Whakawhanaungatanga vs. Wāhanga Motuhake (18-40 tau): E rapu ana ngā pakeke i ngā whanaungatanga tata ki ētahi atu.
– Wāhanga Whakatupuranga me te Wāhanga Whakamutu (40-65 tau): Arotahi ki te waihanga, ki te ārahi rānei i te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei.
– Wāhanga Pono me te Wāhanga Ngakau Pōuri (65 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei): Te whakaaroaro ki te ao kua orahia.
Mā tēnei māramatanga, ka taea e ngā kaiako te aro nui ake ki ngā wero pāpori me ngā wero kare ā-roto e pā ana ki ngā ākonga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō rātou whanaketanga.
## Te Whakatinanatanga o te Hinengaro Whanaketanga i roto i te Mātauranga
Kia mārama ki te anga ariā, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakatinana i roto i ngā mahi mātauranga. Anei ētahi huarahi e whakamahia ai ngā mātāpono o te hinengaro whanaketanga i roto i ngā wāhi mātauranga:
### 1. Te Hoahoa Marautanga i runga i ngā Wāhanga Whanaketanga
Mā te whakamahi i te ariā a Piaget, ka taea te hanga i ngā marautanga kia uru atu ngā rauemi me ngā mahi e tika ana mō ngā taumata whanaketanga hinengaro o ngā ākonga. Hei tauira, me nui ake ngā mahi tākaro me ngā mahi ā-tinana me ngā mahi ā-tinana mō ngā tamariki kōhungahunga, engari ko te ako kura tuatahi ka aro nui ake ki te whakaaro tūturu me te whakaaro arorau.
### 2. Huarahi Ako Takitahi
I te mārama he rerekē te tere o te whanaketanga o ia tamaiti, he mea nui kia whakamahia e ngā kaiako ngā tikanga ako whānui me ngā tikanga ako urutau. Ko te whakaako rerekē, arā, ko te whakarerekētanga a ngā kaiako i ngā mahi me ngā rauemi ako kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia takitahi, tētahi rautaki ka taea te whakatinana.
### 3. Te Hanga i tētahi Taiao Ako Tautoko
Me hanga hoki te taiao ako hei tautoko i te whanaketanga pāpori me te whanaketanga kare ā-roto o ngā ākonga. Hei tauira, mā te waihanga i tētahi akomanga haumaru, tautoko hoki e whai mana ai ngā ākonga, e wātea ai hoki ki te whakapuaki i a rātou anō, ka taea te whakanui ake i tō rātou whakapono ki a rātou anō me tō rātou tū motuhake. E hangai ana tēnei huarahi ki te ariā a Erikson mō te hiranga o te aro atu ki ngā pakanga hinengaro-pāpori.
### 4. Whakangungu Kaiako e Hangai ana ki te Hinengaro Whanaketanga
Kei ngā kaiako te kī ki te whakatinana i ngā mātāpono o te hinengaro whanaketanga. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakangungu kaiako e arotahi ana ki te whakauru me te whakamahi i ngā ariā hinengaro whanaketanga. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga, ka taea e ngā kaiako te aro atu ki ngā hiahia whanaketanga o ngā ākonga, ā, ka whai hua ake hoki ki te whakahaere i tā rātou ako me te whanaketanga.
### 5. Aromatawai Whakawhanake
He rautaki aromatawai tonu te aromatawai whakawhanake e taea ai te whakarato urupare whai hua ki ngā ākonga me ngā kaiako kia mārama ai ki te ahunga whakamua me ngā wāhi hei whakapai ake. Mā tēnei aromatawai ka āwhina i te tautuhi i te whanaketanga hinengaro, pāpori, me te kare ā-roto o ngā ākonga kia taea ai te whakatinana i ngā wawaotanga tika.
## Te Hiranga o te Hinengaro Whanaketanga mō ngā Kaiwhaiwāhi Rerekē o te Mātauranga
### 1. Mō ngā Kaiako
Ka pai ake te rite o ngā kaiako e mārama ana ki te hinengaro whanaketanga ki te aro atu ki ngā wero maha i roto i te akomanga. Ka taea e rātou te whakarerekē i ā rātou tikanga whakaako kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ia ākonga, te waihanga i tētahi taiao tautoko, me te tuku urupare whai hua.
### 2. Mō ngā Mātua
Me mārama hoki ngā mātua ki ngā mātāpono o te hinengaro whanaketanga hei tautoko i te mātauranga o ā rātou tamariki i te kāinga. Hei tauira, mā te mārama ki ngā wāhanga whanaketanga hinengaro me ngā kare ā-roto o tā rātou tamaiti, ka taea e ngā mātua te whakarato tautoko wā tika me te tika mō ngā mahi ako kāinga.
### 3. Mō ngā Kaihanga Kaupapahere
Me whai whakaaro ngā kaihanga kaupapa here mātauranga ki ngā kitenga mai i te hinengaro whanaketanga i te wā e hoahoa ana i ngā marautanga ā-motu me ētahi atu kaupapa here mātauranga. Ka nui ake te whai hua o ngā kaupapa here e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga pūtaiao mō te āhua o te ako me te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki ki te whakapai ake i ngā putanga mātauranga.
### 4. Mō ngā Ākonga
Ka nui ngā painga mō ngā ākonga i tētahi huarahi mātauranga e ahu mai ana i te hinengaro whanaketanga. Ka nui ake te tautoko, te hihiri, me te mārama ki a rātou i roto i tā rātou haerenga ako, ā, ka pai ake ai tā rātou mahi mātauranga me te oranga whānui.
## Whakamutunga
Mā te hinengaro whanaketanga ka whakaratohia he tūāpapa pakari mō te mārama ki te ako, te tipu, me te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei mōhiotanga i roto i ngā taiao mātauranga, ka taea e ngā kaiako, ngā mātua, me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here te mahi tahi ki te waihanga i ngā wheako ako whai hua, whai tikanga, me te tautoko mō ngā ākonga katoa. Mā te whakatinana i ngā ariā whanaketanga i roto i ngā mahi mātauranga ka āwhina i te waihanga i tētahi huarahi whānui e aro ana ki te whakatutukitanga mātauranga me te whanaketanga kare ā-roto me te pāpori o ngā ākonga. Nō reira, ka taea e te mātauranga te noho hei taputapu kaha ake mō te whakanui ake i te pūmanawa tangata puta noa i te oranga.
