Te Tukanga Whakawhiti Hau i roto i ngā Pūkahukahu
He pūnaha ora te pūnaha manawa o te tangata e āhei ai te whakawhiti hau, he mea nui tēnei mō te oranga tonutanga. Ko te tikanga, ko te manawa te tukanga o te tango i te hau ki roto i te tinana mai i te taiao o waho, me te pana atu i te tinana. Ko te whakawhiti hau tino nui ka puta i roto i ngā pukahukahu, arā, ngā whekau e whai wāhi nui ana ki te pūnaha manawa.
Ko tētahi o ngā mahi matua a ngā pūkahukahu ko te whakahaere i te whakawhiti o te hāora me te hauhā waro i waenga i te toto me te hau. Ka puta tēnei tukanga i roto i ngā alveoli, arā, ngā pēke hau iti i roto i ngā pūkahukahu. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou te tikanga o te whakawhiti hau e puta ana i roto i ngā pūkahukahu, mai i ngā āhuatanga hanganga tinana ki te whakahaere i tēnei tukanga i roto i te tinana.
Te Anatomi me te Hanganga o ngā Pūkahukahu
Kei roto i te kōhao o te uma ngā pūkahukahu, e tiakina ana e ngā rara, ā, kei raro iho e herea ana e te diaphragm. E rua ngā wāhanga o ngā pūkahukahu, ko te pūkahukahu maui me te pūkahukahu matau, ko te pūkahukahu matau e toru ngā pūkahukahu, ko te pūkahukahu maui e rua ngā pūkahukahu, e whakarato ana i te wāhi mō te ngākau.
Kei roto i ngā pūkahukahu ngā pūkahukahu, e peka ana ki ngā pūkahukahu iti ake, ā, ka mutu ki ngā alveoli. He hanganga rite ki te karepe ngā alveoli, he nui te mata, ā, he mea karapoti e ngā uaua toto angiangi. Mā tēnei hanganga ka taea te horapa o ngā hau.
Tikanga Whakawhiti Hau
Ka tīmata te tukanga manawa ina manawahia te hau mā te ihu, mā te waha rānei, ka haere mā te trachea, ka tomo ki ngā pukahukahu mā te bronchi, ā, ka tae ki ngā alveoli. I roto i ngā alveoli, ka puta te whakawhiti hau mā te horapa, arā, te nekehanga o ngā ngota mai i te kukū tiketike ki te kukū iti.
He nui ake te nui o te hāora i roto i ngā alveoli i ngā capillaries e karapoti ana, e kawe ana i te toto whai waro-hauora mai i te toenga o te tinana. Nō reira, ka marara te hāora mai i ngā alveoli ki roto i te toto, i te mea ka marara te waro-hauora mai i te toto ki roto i ngā alveoli kia tukuna ki waho i te wā e manawa ana.
Te Mahi a te Hemoglobin me te Rere Toto
Kāore te hāora e uru ana ki te toto e memeha tika ki roto i te toto toto engari ka herea e ngā ngota hemoglobin kei roto i ngā toto toto whero. Ka taea e ia ngota hemoglobin te here i ngā ngota hāora e whā, ka whai hua ai te kawe hāora puta noa i te tinana. I tetahi atu taha, e toru ngā āhua o te kawe i te hauhā waro: te memeha i roto i te toto toto, te herea ki te hemoglobin, te paikāpōnate rānei.
Kātahi ka pupuhi te ngākau i te toto whai hāora puta noa i te tinana hei whakamahi mā te pākia o ngā pūtau. I muri i te tukunga o te hāora, ka hoki te toto ki ngā pukahukahu, ka kawe i te hauhā waro me ētahi atu para pākia hei tukunga atu.
Te Ture me ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Whakawhiti Hau
He maha ngā mea e pāngia ana e te whakawhiti hau i roto i ngā pukahukahu, pērā i te kukū o te hau, te tere o te rere o te toto, me te matotoru o ngā pakitara o te alveolar me te capillary. Mā ēnei mea ka taea e te hāora me te hauhā waro te horapa pai.
Hei tāpiritanga, he tikanga whakahaere manawa tō te tinana e whakahaerehia ana e te pokapū manawa i roto i te roro, inā koa ko te medulla oblongata me ngā pons. Ka aro atu tēnei pokapū manawa ki ngā panonitanga o te kukū o te hāora me te hauhā waro i roto i te toto mā te whakahaere i te tere me te hohonu o te manawa.
Ngā Mate me ngā Āhuatanga e Pā Ana ki te Whakawhiti Hau
He maha ngā āhuatanga ka whakararuraru i te whakawhiti hau i roto i ngā pukahukahu, tae atu ki te mate pūkahukahu ārai mau tonu (COPD), te emphysema, te huango, me te fibrosis pūkahukahu. Ka pā pea ēnei āhuatanga ki te kaha o ngā pukahukahu ki te hora i ngā hau i te huarahi pai, ka puta ai ngā tohu pēnei i te poto o te manawa, te maremare, me te ngoikore o te manawanui tinana.
Ka taea hoki e ngā panonitanga o te hanganga o ngā alveoli, o ngā capillaries rānei, pērā i te mumura, te matotoru rānei o te pakitara, te aukati i te whakawhiti hau. I ētahi wā, me whakamahi pea i ngā wawaotanga hauora pērā i te whakaora hāora, te whakamahi i ngā bronchodilator, me te whakaora i ngā pūkahukahu hei whakapai ake i te mahi manawa.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga nui te whakawhiti hau i roto i ngā pukahukahu e āhei ai te hāora ki te tomo ki te tinana, me te whakaputanga o te hauhā waro. E whakawhirinaki ana tēnei tukanga ki te hanganga uaua o ngā pukahukahu, ā, e tautokona ana e ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana e pai ai te horapa o te hau.
Mā te mārama hōhonu ki tēnei tukanga ka kitea he māramatanga nui ki te mahi manawa, ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki tēnei, me ōna pānga ki te hauora o te tangata, inā koa i roto i te horopaki o ngā mate manawa. He mea nui te pupuri i te hauora o ngā pukahukahu me te aro wawe ki ngā mate manawa kia pai ai te whakawhiti hau i roto i te tinana.
