Me pēhea te hanga hopi horoi e hangai ana ki te whākōkī
I tēnei ao hou, kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā hua tiaki me ngā hua akuaku. Ko tētahi o ngā hua tino nui ko te hopi horoi. Me āhei te hopi horoi pai ki te tango i ngā paru me te kore e kino ki ngā kākahu. Ko tētahi o ngā mahi hou i roto i te umanga hopi horoi ko te whakamahinga o ngā whākōkī. Ko ngā whākōkī he whakakorikori koiora ka taea te tere ake i ngā tauhohenga matū, tae atu ki te pakaru o ngā paru rauropi i runga i ngā kākahu. Kei raro nei, ka matapakihia e mātou me pēhea te hanga hopi horoi e hangai ana ki te whākōkī.
He Hītori Poto mō te Whakamahinga o te Whākōkī i roto i ngā Hopi Hopi
I te tekau tau atu i 1960 i tīmata te whakamahinga o ngā whākōkī i roto i ngā hopi horoi kakahu. Ko ngā whākōkī i whakamahia tuatahitia ko ngā protease, he kaha ki te wawahi i ngā pūmua. Mai i taua wā, kua whānui haere te whakamahinga o ngā whākōkī i roto i ngā hopi horoi kakahu me te tāpiri i ngā momo whākōkī pērā i te lipase (hei tango i te ngako), te amylase (hei wawahi i te māngaro), me te cellulase (e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i te tae me te ngawari o ngā kakahu).
Ngā momo whākōkī e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi
1. Pūmua: Ka wawahia e tēnei whākōkī ngā pūmua e kitea pinepine ana i roto i ngā paru kai pērā i ngā hua manu, te toto, me ngā hua miraka.
2. Lipase: He whai hua tēnei whākōkī ki te wawahi i ngā ngako me ngā hinu e kitea pinepine ana i roto i ngā paru kai hinuhinu pērā i ngā ranu me te pata.
3. Amylase: Ka whakamahia tēnei whākōkī hei wawahi i te māngaro e kitea pinepine ana i roto i ngā paru kai pērā i te raihi me te rimurapa.
4. Cellulase: Ka āwhina tēnei whākōkī ki te pupuri i te ngawari o te papanga, ā, ka ārai i te kino o te muka, ka whakaiti hoki i te āhua o ngā muka ririki ki te mata o te papanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te pilling.
Ngā Kai e Hiahiatia ana
Hei hanga i te hopi horoi e hangai ana ki te whākōkī, anei ngā kai e hiahiatia ana e koe:
1. Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic me te Kore-ionic: Ko ngā kaihoroi ngā kai matua o ngā hopi horoi e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mata o te wai, ā, e taea ai e te wai te whakarewa i te paru me ngā paru. Ko ngā tauira o ngā kaihoroi anionic ko te konutai lauryl sulfate (SLS) me te konutai laureth sulfate (SLES), ko ngā kaihoroi kore-ionic kei roto ko te waipiro ethoxylated.
2. Ngā whākōkī: Kōwhiria he whākōkī i runga i te tae e hiahia ana koe ki te rongoā. Ka taea e koe te hoko i ngā whākōkī protease, lipase, amylase, me te cellulase hei hokohoko.
3. Kaihanga: Ka āwhina ngā kaihanga ki te whakapakari i te whai huatanga o ngā matū horoi. Ko ngā tauira o ngā kaihanga ko te konutai tripolyphosphate, te zeolite, te citrate rānei.
4. Whakakī: Pērā i te konutai whanariki e mahi ana hei kaihoko whakau, hei hanga hoki i te papatipu hopi horoi.
5. Ētahi atu tāpiringa: Pērā i ngā polycarboxylates hei ārai i te mimiti anō o te paru ki te papanga, ngā kaihoko ārai-whakarewa, me ngā whakakanapa whatu hei whakanui ake i te kanapa o te tae o te papanga.
6. Wai: Hei matū taketake hei whakarewa i ngā wāhanga katoa.
Tukanga Hanga
Ko ngā mahi e whai ake nei mō te hanga hopi horoi e hangai ana ki te whākōkī:
1. Te Hanga i te Papa Hopi
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakaranu i ngā matū horoi anionic me ngā matū horoi kore-ionic. I runga i te tauine ahumahi, ka mahia tēnei tukanga i roto i ngā tauhohenga whakaranu nui.
1. Te pauna me te whakaranu i ngā matū horoi:
– Paunatia te nui e hiahiatia ana o te surfactant anionic pēnei i te SLS, te SLES rānei.
– Whakaranua te matū horoi anionic me te matū horoi kore ionic i te ōwehenga e tika ana.
– Whakaohokia kia ōrite te ranunga mā te whakamahi i te mīhini whakaranu ahumahi, i te mīhini whakaranu tere-teitei rānei.
2. Te Tāpiri Kaihanga:
– Tāpirihia he kaihanga (hei tauira, te konutai tripolyphosphate) ki te ranunga surfactant.
– Me whakarite kia rewa katoa te kaihanga i roto i te ranunga.
3. Te Tāpiri Wai:
– Tāpirihia he wai kia nui kia tae rā anō ki te matotoru e hiahiatia ana.
– Whakaohokia tonutia kia pai te ranu o ngā wāhanga katoa, ā, kia kore ai he puranga.
2. Te Tāpiri i ngā Whākōkī
Kia rite te turanga hopi horoi, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te tāpiri i ngā whākōkī. Me mahi te tāpiri i ngā whākōkī i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere kia kore ai e memeha.
1. Te Whakarite i te Whākōkī:
– Paunatia te whākōkī kia rite ki te kukū e hiahiatia ana. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tāpirihia ngā whākōkī ki ngā kukū iti (1-2% o te rōrahi katoa).
– Me tino tupato te whakahaere i ngā whākōkī, ā, me whakarewa tuatahi ki te wai hei whakahaere i te whakaranu.
2. Te whakaurunga o ngā whākōkī ki roto i te turanga hopi horoi:
– Tāpirihia mārire te otinga whākōkī ki te turanga hopi horoi, me te whakaoho tonu. Me whakahaere te pāmahana whakaranu kia noho tonu i roto i te awhe e kore ai e kino ngā whākōkī (i raro iho i te 40°C te nuinga o te wā).
– Whakaohokia kia ōrite te horapa o ngā whākōkī ki roto i te ranunga.
3. Te Tāpiri atu i ētahi atu Tāpiringa
Ka taea te tāpiri i ētahi atu tāpiringa i muri i te otinga o te whakaranu whākōkī.
1. Ngā Whakamārama Whatu me ngā Ārai-Whakarewa:
– Tāpirihia ngā tāpiringa pēnei i ngā whakakanapa whatu hei whakarei ake i te tae me te kanapa o te papanga.
– Tāpirihia he mea ārai i te totohu anō hei ārai i ngā matūriki paru kei piri anō ki te kakahu.
2. Kaiwhakaū:
– Tāpirihia ngā mea whakau pērā i te konutai whanariki me te polycarboxylate hei whakarite i te pumau o te tauira hopi horoi.
– Whakaohokia kia ōrite te ranunga.
Te Mana Kounga me te Tākai
Kia oti te hanga o te hopi horoi i hangaia he whākōkī, ko te taahiraa whakamutunga ko te whakahaere i te kounga me te takai.
1. Whakamātautau Kounga:
– Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau kounga e uru ana ki te whakamātautau i te kaha horoi, te pumau o te whākōkī, me te hototahitanga o te hopi horoi ki ngā momo papanga rerekē.
– Me whakarite kia tutuki i te hopi horoi ngā paerewa kounga kua whakatūria i mua i te hokohoko.
2. Tākai:
– Me whakarite kia akuaku te takai o te hopi horoi hei ārai i te poke.
– Whakamahia he takai e kore e uru ki te hau, ki te makuku hoki, kia mau tonu ai te roa o te oranga o te whākōkī.
Whakamutunga
He painga nui ngā hopi horoi e ahu mai ana i te whākōkī ki te tango pai i ngā paru rauropi me te kore e kino ki ngā muka kakahu. Ko te tukanga hanga he mōhiotanga ki te hanganga matū me te matū koiora o ngā whākōkī. Mā te whai i ngā kaupae kua whakarārangihia, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi hopi horoi e ahu mai ana i te whākōkī whai hua, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao. Ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa i tēnei auahatanga te hiahia o ngā kaihoko mō ngā hua horoi whai hua, engari ka whai wāhi hoki ki te pumau o te taiao.
