Ngā Utauta mō ngā Hiahia Tānga Toi
Ko te tā toi he tukanga whakawhiti i tētahi whakaaro tirohanga ki tētahi āhua ā-tinana ka taea te kite, te pā atu, te whakaatu, ā, mēnā e tika ana, te tāruarua me te kore e ngaro tōna āhua toi. I roto i te mahi, ko te kounga o te tānga e whakatauhia ana ehara i te mea nā te pūkenga toi anake engari nā te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu tika. Mai i ngā tikanga tuku iho pērā i te pēhi-teitei me te pēhi-hōhonu, ki te hangarau matihiko hou, me whai taputapu motuhake ia mea. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā taputapu nui mō te tā toi me ā rātou mahi kia pai ake ai te tukanga me te whakatutuki i ngā hua tino pai.
1. Ngā Utauta Taketake e Whakamahia Ana i roto i te Tānga Toi
I mua i te urunga atu ki ētahi atu tikanga motuhake, kei reira ētahi taputapu taketake e whakamahia ana i ngā momo tikanga tā.
a. Pepa tā
Ko te pepa te "atamira" matua mō ngā mahi tā. Ko te pepa mō ngā toi whakairoiro he matotoru ake te wetereo me ngā muka kaha hei tu atu i te pēhanga, te mangumangu, me te tukanga whakamaroke. Hei tauira, ko te pepa miro, te pepa pēhi matao, te pepa tānga motuhake rānei me tōna kakano motuhake. Ko te whiriwhiringa o te pepa ka pā ki te taipitopito, te koi o ngā rārangi, me te kounga o te tae.
b. Waituhi me te peita
Kāore te waituhi tānga i te rite ki te waituhi tānga noa. Kei reira ngā waituhi hinu, he matotoru ake, he pakari ake, me ngā waituhi wai, he māmā ake te horoi, ā, he pai mō ngā whare toi iti. Mō ētahi tikanga, pērā i te tānga kotahi, ka whakamahia te peita kiriaku me te tāpiri i tētahi mea hei ārai i te maroke.
c. Rōra (paira) me te maripi parāoa
Ka whakamahia te paraihe hei hora i te waituhi kia ōrite ki te mata o tētahi mea tawhito, o tētahi pereti rānei. Mā te maripi palleti ka āwhina ki te whakaoho, ki te koko, me te hora i te waituhi ki te karāhe, ki te pereti waituhi rānei. He mea nui te whakakotahitanga o ngā mea e rua kia rite te matotoru o te waituhi.
d. Papa karāhe, papa waituhi rānei
Ka whakamahia he mata papatahi pērā i te karāhe matotoru, te kiriaku, te pereti whakarewa rānei hei "mahi" i te waituhi i mua i te paninga. Me maeneene tēnei mata kia horapa ōrite te waituhi.
2. Ngā Utauta mō ngā Tikanga Tānga Teitei (Tānga Whakaora)
Ko te tānga taumira teitei he tikanga e whiwhi ai ngā wāhanga kua ara ake o te kīwaha i te mangumangu, ā, ka tāia ki te pepa. Hei tauira, ko ngā whakairo rakau me ngā whakairo raina.
a. He kupu rākau, he kupu rīnena rānei (poraka rīnena)
He motuhake te āhua o te rakau, he māeneene ake te rino, he māmā ake hoki te whakairo. Ko te whiriwhiri i te rauemi e whakatau ana i te kakano me te taumata o ngā taipitopito ka taea te whakatutuki.
b. Ngā maripi whakairo me ngā maripi whakairo
Ka whakamahia ngā whao V-, U-, papatahi rānei hei tapahi i ngā wāhi kāore e tika ana kia whakairohia. Ko te kounga o te whao te mea e whakatau ana i te ma o ngā rārangi me te whakamarie o te mahi. Mā ngā whao koi ka taea te whakairo tika ake, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te paheke.
c. Pāre, pūnu rānei (mō te tā ā-ringa)
Mena kāore āu mīhini perehi, ka taea e ngā kaitoi te whakamahi i te baren (he taputapu mirimiri tuku iho) i te pūnu rānei hei pēhi i te waituhi ki te pepa. He pai tēnei tikanga mō te whare toi kāinga, ahakoa me whakapau kaha me te manawanui kia ōrite te pēhi.
d. Mīhini tā (mīhini tā)
Mō te whakaputanga pumau ake, ka pēhia te pēhanga ōrite e te mīhini perehi kia rite ai ngā hua tānga. He mea hanga ngā mīhini perehi whakawātea motuhake kia kore ai e pakaru ngā kupu tawhito, ā, ka taea te tā i ngā rahinga nui.
3. Ngā Utauta mō te Tikanga Tā Intaglio
Ko te tānga hōhonu he ritenga kē ki te tānga teitei: ka kumea te waituhi ki roto i ngā wāhi kōpiko o te pereti. Kei roto i tēnei tikanga te whakairo, te whakairo, me te ira maroke.
a. Ngā pereti whakarewa (parahi, konutea, konumohe)
He rongonui te parahi mō tōna maeneene me te ngāwari ki te mahi, he iti ake te utu o te konutea, ā, he mama te konumohe, he ngāwari hoki ki te tukatuka. Ka pā te momo pereti ki te taipitopito, te pakari, me te āhua o te rārangi.
b. Ngā taputapu whakairo me ngā ngira whakairo
Ka whakamahia ngā ngira whakairo hei tuhi i te paparanga tiaki (whenua) i mua i te tukunga o te pereti ki roto i te wai whakairo. He mārō ake ngā taputapu whakairo, ā, ka whakamahia hei whakairo tika ki runga i te pereti.
c. Te otinga whakairo me ngā taputapu haumaru
He maha ngā matū waikura e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakairo tuku iho. Nō reira, he mea nui ngā taputapu haumaru pēnei i ngā karapu nitrile, ngā mōhiti kanohi, ngā kopare kanohi, me te hauhautanga o te rūma mahi toi. He maha ngā rūma mahi toi hou e huri ana ki ngā otinga e pai ake ana ki te taiao, engari he mea nui tonu ngā tikanga haumaru.
d. Tarlatan me te kakahu horoi
Ka whakamahia he tauera (he kakahu kakano) hei horoi i te mata o te pereti i muri i te urunga o te waituhi ki ngā wāhi kōpiko. Ko te tikanga muru te mea nui e whakatau ana i te ahua me te rerekētanga o te tānga.
e. Te pēhi Intaglio me te paraikete
Ko ngā mīhini tā Intaglio he mea whakamahi i ngā roera me ngā paraikete motuhake hei āwhina i te pana i te pepa ki roto i te pereti. Ki te kore he mīhini tā e tika ana, he tino uaua ki te whakatutuki i ngā tānga intaglio koi, āhua motuhake.
4. Ngā Utauta mō te Hanga Pukapuka me ngā Tikanga Tā Mata
Haunga te whakairo me te whakairo intaglio, e rua atu ngā tikanga rongonui ko te tuhi kohatu me te tā mata.
a. Te tuhi (kōhatu, pereti rānei)
Ko te mahi tuhi tuku iho he whakamahi i te kōhatu papatahi (lithostone) me ngā pene rākau motuhake. Ko ngā momo hou he whakamahi i ngā pereti konumohe. Ko ngā taputapu matua ko ngā pene rākau tuhi, te kāpia arapi, he otinga tukatuka, he roera waituhi, me te mīhini tātuhi.
b. Tānga mata (tānga mata)
He tino ngāwari tēnei tikanga mō ngā mahi toi o nāianei.
Ko ngā taputapu nui ko:
– Anga mata me te papanga mata (ngā rahi rerekē mō ngā taipitopito iti, ngā wāhi whānui rānei)
– Te tā i te emulsion me te waeine whakaaturanga mō te hanga stencils
– He mea whiri hei tā i te waituhi mā roto i te mata
– Te tēpu tā me te piripiri (rīpene/piripiri) hei pupuri i te tūranga o te pepa
– Waituhi tā mata (parahitā, wai rānei) e ai ki ngā hiahia toi me ngā hiahia pāpāho
He tino pai te tānga mata mō ngā tae poraka, te whakatakoto paparanga, me te auau o te tānga.
5. Ngā Utauta mō te Tānga Toi Ataahua Mamati
I te ao toi hou, ko te tānga mamati te mea pai rawa atu nā te mea he tere, he tika, ā, ka taea te whakaputa tārua kounga-taiwhanga ina whakamahia ngā paerewa toi ataahua.
a. Nga toi toi (giclée) inkjet printers
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e ngā mīhini tā Giclée ngā waituhi tae ātete-mema. He maeneene ngā panonitanga o ēnei waituhi, he tino taipitopito, ā, he pai ake te roa o te tae i ērā o ngā waituhi tae tuku iho.
b. Aroturuki kua whakatikatikaina me ngā taputapu whakatikatika
Hei whakarite kia ōrite te tae i waenga i te mata me te tānga, me whai mata tirotiro pai ngā kaitoi, he tika hoki te tae, me tētahi taputapu whakataurite (ine tae). Mā tēnei ka puta he putanga ōrite.
c. Ngā kōtaha tae (ngā kōtaha ICC) me te pūmanawa hoahoa
He mea nui ngā pūmanawa pēnei i a Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator rānei, me te whakamahinga o ngā kōtaha ICC, ki te whakahaere tae. Ki te kore he whakahaere tae tika, ka pōuri rawa ngā tānga, ka mangu, ka hē rānei te tae.
d. Pepa toi ataahua me te kānawehi
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he pepa miro, he baryta, he kānawehi waituhi motuhake rānei mō te tānga matihiko toi ataahua. Ka hangaia e ngā mata matte he āhua ngohengohe, he āhua toi, engari ka taea e te haurua-kanapa te whakarei ake i ngā taipitopito me te rerekētanga.
6. Ngā Utauta Tautoko: Te Whakaoti me te Tiaki
Kia oti te tā, ka āwhina te tukanga whakaoti kia roa ake te mahi, kia ātaahua hoki te āhua.
a. He taputapu tapahi, he rūri whakarewa, me te whāriki tapahi
Hei tapahi pepa kia tika, hei hanga tawhā putanga, hei whakarerekē rānei i te rahi o ngā anga.
b. Whakamaroke me te whata whakamaroke
Ka roa ake te maroke o ngā tānga waituhi hinu. Mā te whata whakamaroke ka kore e piri ngā tānga, ka noho ma te mata.
c. Rehu tiaki (whakapiri/varnish)
Mō ētahi mahi, ka āwhina te paninga tiaki ki te ārai i ngā karawarawa, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te tae. Heoi, me whakarite tōna whakamahinga ki te momo mangumangu me te pepa kia kore ai e kino te mata.
d. Ngā karapu miro me ngā kōpaki pūranga
Mō te rokiroki, ka ārai ngā karapu i te paru o te pepa i ngā hinu ringaringa. Mā ngā kōpaki puranga kore-waikawa ka roa te mahi, ā, ka ārai hoki i te kōwhai.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea ko ngā "taputapu hangarau" anake ngā taputapu mō te tā toi, engari he wāhanga o tētahi rautaki toi. Mā te whiriwhiri i te kīwaha tika, te mangumangu tika, me te mīhini tā, te mīhini tā rānei e tautoko ana i ngā āhuatanga tirohanga ka āwhina i ngā kaitoi ki te whakaputa mahi kaha, pumau, me te roa. Ka tukuna e te hangarau hou te ngāwari me te tika, ko ngā tikanga tuku iho ia ka tukuna he kakano ahurei, he tohu ringaringa, me te hohonu. Hei whakamutunga, ko ngā taputapu pai rawa atu ko ērā e pai ana ki ō whāinga tirohanga, ki ō rauemi whare mahi toi, me tō momo auaha.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga mō: ngā tikanga motuhake (linocut anake/tā mata anake), ngā whakatakotoranga mahi kura, te tāpiri rānei i tētahi rārangi taputapu me ngā utu e matapaetia ana i Initonīhia.
