He Aratohu mō te Kōwhiri i te Mita Hiko Tika mō tō Pūnaha Paewhiri Rā
Kei te tere haere te whakamahinga o ngā panera hiko o te tuanui (PLTS) nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i ngā pire hiko, te whakanui ake i te mana motuhake o te pūngao, me te tautoko i te whakawhiti ki te pūngao ma. Heoi, ko te angitu o tētahi pūnaha panera hiko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga o ngā kōwae, te inverter, te hanganga whakairinga rānei. Ko tētahi wāhanga nui e warewarehia ana ko te mita hiko. Mā te mita tika ka whakarite kia tika te ine pūngao, kia tutuki i ngā ture, ā, ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakanui ake i ngā painga pūtea o tō pūnaha PV.
Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga tētahi aratohu mō te whiriwhiri i te mita hiko tika mō tētahi pūnaha panera rā, mai i te momo mita, ngā āhuatanga hei whakaaroaro, tae atu ki te ōritetanga ki ngā kaupapa kaweake-kawemai pūngao.
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1. Te Mārama ki te Tūranga o ngā Mita Hiko i roto i ngā Pūnaha Paewhiri Rā
I roto i ngā whare, i ngā whare rānei e tāuta ana i ngā tipu hiko o te rā, ka taea e te iahiko te rere i ngā taha e rua:
1. Kawemai: ina nui ake te kawenga o te whare i te whakaputanga o te papa hiko o te rā, ka tangohia te hiko mai i te whatunga PLN.
2. Kaweake: ina nui ake te hanga o ngā panera rā i te kai e whakamahia ana, ka taea e te hiko taikaha te rere anō ki te whatunga hiko (i runga i ngā kaupapa me ngā ture ā-rohe).
Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi ai ngā mita hiko: ka tuhia e rātou te pūngao kawemai me te pūngao kaweake (ki te whakaaetia), kia tika ai ngā tataunga nama pūngao, ngā tataunga nama rānei. Mēnā kāore te mita e tautoko i te inenga taha-rua, ka hē pea ngā tatauranga whakapaunga, ka kino rānei ki te kaiwhakamahi o te pūnaha rā.
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2. Ngā Momo Mita Hiko e Whakamahia Ana mō ngā Whare Hiko Pūngao Rā
a) Ngā Mita Utu-muri me ngā Mita Utu-mua
– Ka tatauhia e te utunga-muri te whakamahinga o ia marama, ka utua e koe te pire i muri i te rehitatanga o te whakamahinga.
– Ka whakaitihia te toenga e te utu-mua (tokens) i runga i te whakamahinga.
Mō ngā pūnaha PV pūngao rā, ehara i te mea ko te utu muri, ko te utu mua rānei te mea nui, engari ko te tautoko a te mita i te ine kawemai-kaweake (ara-rua). I ētahi whakatinanatanga, ka taea tonu te whakamahi i ētahi mita utu mua, engari he maha ngā wā me whakakapi, me whirihora motuhake rānei kia hototahi ki ngā pūnaha PV pūngao rā.
b) Mita Kotahi-Ara (Kawemai Anake)
Ka ine noa tēnei mita i te hiko e tomo mai ana ki te kāinga mai i te whatunga hiko. Kāore i te pai tēnei momo mita mō ngā tipu hiko o te rā e kawe ana i te hiko ki te whatunga hiko, nā te mea kāore e tuhi i te kaweake. I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ka taea e te mita kotahi-ara te whakaputa i:
– ngā kaweake kāore anō kia tuhia (te ngaronga o ngā painga nama pūngao), rānei
– tērā pea ka puta he pānui hē mēnā kāore te mita i hangaia kia whakaaetia te rere whakahoki.
c) Mita Ahunga-Rua (Mita Kaweake-Kawemai)
He kōwhiringa noa tēnei mō ngā tipu hiko o te rā kei runga i te whatunga. E whakaatu ana te mita taha-rua i ēnei:
– kWh kawemai (mai i PLN),
– kaweake kWh (ki PLN).
Mā te whakamahi i tēnei mita, ka taea te tatau i ngā pire me ngā whiwhinga hiko kia rite ki te kaupapa e tika ana.
d) Ngā Mita Atamai / AMI (Hanganga Mita Matatau)
Mā ngā mita atamai ka taea te pānui mamao me te tuhi taipitopito ake, pērā i ngā kōtaha kawenga i ngā wā roa. Ō rātou painga:
– he mārama ake ngā raraunga,
– te whakahaere i te aroturukitanga me te arotake,
– ka taea te tautoko i ngā reiti hihiri, ngā reiti wā-whakamahi rānei ina whakatinanahia.
e) Ngā Mita Iti / Ngā Mita Whakaputa (Ngā Mita Whakaputa)
Haunga te mita matua o te kamupene, ka tāutahia e ētahi rangatira ētahi atu mita hei ine i te whakaputanga o te tipu hiko o te rā. Ngā painga:
– te aroturuki i te mahi a te panera rā (kWh ia rā/ia marama),
– te kite i te hekenga o te whakaputanga nā te atarangi, te paru, te kino rānei,
– ka āwhina i ngā tataunga ROI kia tika ake.
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3. Whakatauhia te Kaupapa Pūnaha: I runga i te whatunga, i te whatunga ranu, i waho rānei i te whatunga
I mua i te whiriwhiri i tētahi mita, me whakarite kia mōhio koe ki te momo o tō pūnaha:
– I runga i te whatunga: he hononga ki te PLN, me whai mita rua-ara (kawemai-kaweake).
– Ranu: hono atu ki te PLN + pākahiko. I te nuinga o te wā me whakamahi tonu i te mita e rua ngā ara, engari ka uaua ake te aroturuki ā-roto nā te mea ko te pākahiko te pūtake o te rere o te pūngao.
– Kāore i te whatunga hiko: kāore i te hono atu ki te PLN. Kāore he pānga o ngā mita hiko, engari ka taea tonu te whakamahi i ngā mita iti hei aroturuki i te whakaputanga hiko PV me te whakapaunga kawenga.
He maha ngā hapa ka puta mai nā te mea ka hoko ngā kaiwhakamahi i ētahi atu mita me te kore e mārama ki te hoahoa o te pūnaha. Mō ngā tono kei runga i te whatunga hiko, ko te mita tuatahi e whai ana i ngā paerewa ratonga, ko ētahi atu mita ka tīpakohia mō ngā kaupapa aroturuki ā-roto.
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4. Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hangarau hei Aro atu
a) Te Tika (Akomanga Mita)
Mā te tika e whakatau te tika o te rekoata kWh. I te nuinga o te wā:
– He rawaka te Akomanga 1.0 mō te whakamahinga o te whare,
– He tika ake te akomanga 0.5S mō ngā hiahia nui ake.
Mō te aroturuki me te aromatawai pūtea, ka āwhina te mita he tika te āhua ki te karo i ngā rerekētanga raraunga i waenga i te tono inverter me te mita.
b) Te kaha o te au me te ngaohiko
Kia tino tika te mita mō te tāutanga:
– 1 wāhanga (ngā whare iti-waenganui) 3 wāhanga rānei (ngā utanga nui/ngā ahumahi iti),
– te whakatauranga o te au (hei tauira, 5(60)A mō te wāhanga 1, te whakamahi rānei i te CT mō ngā au nui),
– e hototahi ana ki te ngaohiko pūnaha (hei tauira, 230V 1-wāhanga, 400V 3-wāhanga rānei).
Mena he nui te mana, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he mita me te CT (Transformer Current) mō ngā inenga haumaru, tika hoki.
c) Hototahi Wāhanga 1 me te Wāhanga 3
Mō ngā whare e toru-wāhanga, e taunakihia ana he mita e taea ai te ine i te wāhanga me te katoa. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea ka pā te kore taurite o te kawenga ki te mahi me ngā pānui.
d) Tautoko Ine-Ara-Rua
Kia tino tautoko te mita i:
– te pūngao kawemai (A+),
– te pūngao kaweake (A-),
– ā, ki te taea, te mana inamata (kW) hei mōhio ki te ahunga o te rere o te pūngao i te wā tūturu.
e) Atanga Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
Mō te aroturuki, whiriwhiria he mita e tautoko ana i:
– RS-485 Modbus (te mea tino noa mō te whakauru ki ngā inverters, ki ngā pūrakau raraunga rānei),
– Wi-Fi/Ethernet (he mea noa i runga i ngā mita atamai hokohoko-muri),
– putanga pātere (S0) mō te pūnaha aroturuki māmā.
Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te whakauru atu ki tētahi pūnaha whakahaere pūngao kāinga (HEMS) me tētahi tūāpapa IoT rānei, he kōwhiringa ngāwari a Modbus.
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5. Ngā Whakaritenga Whakatutukitanga Ture me ngā Whakaritenga Ratonga
I roto i ngā pūnaha hiko kei runga i te whatunga, me tutuki te mita tuatahi kua tāutahia ki ngā paerewa me ngā kaupapa here a te rohe. Hei tauira, i Initonīhia, mō ngā kaupapa kaweake-kawemai, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he mita motuhake kua whakaratohia, kua whakaaetia rānei e te PLN.
Ngā mea me whakarite e koe:
– E whakaaetia ana te kaweake pūngao mō ō kaihoko,
– Momo mita e hiahiatia ana,
– Ngā tikanga tirotiro me te whakakapinga mita,
– Ngā tautuhinga kirimana hiko me te tiakitanga (tae atu ki te ārai-motu i runga i te inverter).
Kaua e hoko takitahi i tētahi mita hiko me te kore e tino mōhio he pai, kei te kore pea e whakaaetia mēnā kāore i te tika te tāutanga i te wā e tirotirohia ana.
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6. Te Kōwhiri i ngā Mita Tāpiri mō te Aroturuki i te Pūnaha Hiko o te Rā
Haunga te mita ratonga, ka tāutahia ētahi atu mita hei aroturuki:
1. Te whakaputanga o te inverter (putanga PV)
2. Te whakapaunga kawenga kāinga
3. Kawemai/kaweake i ngā pūwāhi whatunga
Whirihoranga whānui:
– Kua tāutahia he mita "whatunga" ki te raina matua e tata ana ki te MCB matua hei pānui i te rere ki/mai i te PLN.
– Ka tāutahia he mita "kawenga" hei pānui i te whakapaunga kawenga mēnā e hiahiatia ana he tātaritanga taipitopito.
– Kua tāutahia he mita "PV" ki te putanga inverter hei hopu i te whakaputanga.
Ngā painga o te tāuta i tētahi mita aroturuki:
– Ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te awatea (hei tauira, te neke i ngā kawenga pēnei i ngā papu, ngā mīhini horoi, ngā whakamahana wai rānei ki ngā hāora whakaputa tino pai),
– Āwhina ki te whakatau i ngā whakaritenga pākahiko i roto i ngā pūnaha ranu,
– Ka tere ake te kite i ngā raruraru (hei tauira, ka heke te whakaputanga engari ka piki te kai).
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7. Ngā Whakaaro Whaihua: Te Utu, te Waitohu, me te Pono
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te mita, whakaarohia:
– Te wātea o ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana me te ratonga: whiriwhiria he waitohu he tautoko mārama.
– Ātete ki te taiao: mēnā kei te wāhi wera/makuku te mita, me whakarite kia tika ngā whakatauranga me te ārai.
– Ngāwari o te tāutanga: He māmā ake ngā mita CT mō ngā iahiko nui, me te kore e tapahi rawa i te taura matua, engari me whakarite kei te tika te huarahi tāutanga o te CT.
– Hototahi ki te inverter: ka tūtohu ētahi inverter i tētahi mita motuhake kia pai ai te mahi a te rohe kaweake, te kore kaweake, ngā āhuatanga aroturuki rānei.
Mō ngā pūnaha e whakatinana ana i te herenga kaweake, te kore rānei o te kaweake, he mea tino nui te mita e hototahi ana ki te inverter nā te mea ko te mita te "pūoko" matua mō te whakahaere hihiri i te mana putanga inverter.
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8. Rārangi Arowhai Tere mō te Kōwhiri i tētahi Mita mō ngā Whare Hiko Pūngao Rā
Anei tētahi rārangi arowhai tere i mua i te hoko, i te tāuta rānei i tētahi mita:
1. Kei runga i te whatunga/ranu/kāore i te whatunga tō pūnaha?
2. Me kaweake ki PLN, kāore rānei?
3. Tāutanga wāhanga kotahi, wāhanga toru rānei?
4. He aha te iahiko mōrahi? Me whai CT?
5. Me rua ngā ahunga o te mita (A+/A-)?
6. Me hiahia koe ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero Modbus/RS-485 mō te whakaurunga?
7. He aha te tika iti rawa e hiahiatia ana?
8. E tutuki ana te mita i ngā paerewa/whakaaetanga a te kamupene hiko?
9. E hototahi ana te inverter ki tēnei mita?
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Whakamutunga
He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te mita hiko tika mō tō pūnaha hiko pūngao rā mō te tuhi tika i ngā kawemai me ngā kaweake pūngao, te aroturukitanga whai hua, me te tutuki i ngā ture. Mō ngā pūnaha hiko pūngao rā kei runga i te whatunga, ko te mita e rua ngā huarahi te mea nui e hiahiatia ana, engari he tino whai hua te mita tāpiri me te whakawhitiwhiti Modbus mō te aroturukitanga me te arotau i te whakamahinga pūngao. Kia tino whakarite i tō whiringa mita ki te momo pūnaha (kei runga i te whatunga/ranu/waho i te whatunga), te whirihoranga ā-wāhanga, te kaha o te iahiko, me ngā whakaritenga ratonga ā-rohe.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te taunaki i te momo mita i runga i ō raraunga (mana PLN, 1/3 wāhanga, kaha inverter, ahakoa e hiahia ana koe ki te kaweake, ki te kore rānei, me te mea he pākahiko).
