Te Whakapūmau i te Tiakina o ngā Pūnaha Paewhiri Rā ki ngā Pūrere Tiaki Tika
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā whakaurunga papa hiko pūngao rā (PLTS) nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i ngā utu hiko, te whakanui ake i te mana motuhake o te pūngao, me te tautoko i ngā whāinga whakaiti tukunga. Heoi, he tokomaha te hunga e aro ana ki te kaha o te kōwae me te inverter, me te whakaaro kei te haumaru aunoa te pūnaha ina tahurihia. Heoi, ko ngā pūnaha hiko pūngao rā—ahakoa kei runga i te whatunga hiko, he ranu, he kore-whatunga hiko rānei—ka mahi me ngā iahiko me ngā ngaohiko morearea pea, ā, ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga o waho pēnei i te wera, te ua, te uira, me te haumākū. Ki te kore he taputapu tiaki tika, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te kino o ngā taputapu, te heke o te mahi, tae atu ki ngā ahi pea.
Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā taputapu tiaki matua e whai tikanga ana hei pupuri i te pono me te haumaru o ngā pūnaha panera rā, me pēhea te whiriwhiri i aua mea, me ngā tikanga tāutanga tika.
He aha te hiranga o te tiakitanga o te pūnaha hiko o te rā?
He maha ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha panera rā: ngā waeine PV, ngā taura DC, he pouaka whakakotahi, he inverter, he pākahiko (mēnā e tika ana), he panera tohatoha AC, me te hononga ki te whatunga hiko. He mōrearea motuhake kei ia wāhanga. Ko ngā ngaru hiko e puta mai ana i te uira, i te whakawhiti rānei, ngā iahiko nui nā ngā ara iahiko poto, ngā iahiko turuturu, ngā hononga koretake e wera rawa ai, me ngā whakararuraru mai i te whatunga hiko ka taea katoa te kino i ngā wāhanga utu nui.
Haunga te tiakitanga o ngā taputapu, ka pā tika hoki te tiakitanga ki te haumaru o ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā tohunga hangarau. Ka tino teitei, ka tino morearea hoki ngā ngaohiko DC mai i ngā ara iahiko panera nā te mea he uaua ake te whakakore i te iahiko DC i te AC. Nō reira, me hoahoa ngā tiakitanga mai i te tīmatanga, kaua e tāpirihia i muri mai.
1) Te Parenga o te Auaha Nui: Te Hūhi me te MCB/MCCB
Ko te mahi matua o te tiaki i te au nui ko te ārai i ngā taura me ngā taputapu kei wera rawa nā te mea ka nui ake te kaha o te au. I roto i ngā pūnaha PV, ka whakanohoia tēnei tiaki ki ngā taha DC me AC.
a) Wiri DC mō te aho panera
Ko te nuinga o ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā fiusi i roto i ngā pūnaha he maha ngā aho whakarara. Mēnā ka hē tetahi aho, ka taea e te iahiko mai i ētahi atu aho te rere whakamuri, ka pakaru te aho hapa. Ka whakakorea tēnei rere whakamuri e te fiusi aho. Whakamahia he fiusi i hangaia mō te DC PV, nā te mea he rerekē ngā āheinga tinei-āwhata o te DC i ērā o te AC.
b) MCB DC/MCCB
E hiahiatia ana he MCB DC hei tiaki me/ranei hei whakakore i te ara iahiko i te wā tiaki. I ētahi hoahoa, ka whakamahia ngātahitia ngā fiusi me ngā MCB ina hiahiatia. Me whai mana hiko DC te MCB/MCCB DC e ranea ana mō te hiko aho PV katoa.
c) MCB AC/MCCB
I te taha putanga inverter (AC), ka tiakina te raina e ngā MCB/MCCB mai i te au nui me ngā ara iahiko poto. Me whakarite te kōwhiringa o te pihi piko (hei tauira, B/C/D) me te kaha pakaru ki ngā āhuatanga kawenga me te au hapa pea.
He kōrero nui: Kaua e whakamahia he MCB AC ki runga i te raina DC. Ahakoa te āhua "rite", kāore pea ngā taputapu AC e whakakore i te pewa DC, ā, he morearea hoki.
2) Kaiwhakawehe Utaina/Whakawehe: Kaiwhakawehe Pātene DC
Me whai pūnaha PV pai i tētahi momotu hiko DC e taea ai te momotu i ngā panera mai i te inverter i ngā wā tirotiro, i ngā āhuatanga ohorere, i ngā wā motumotu kua whakaritea rānei. He rerekē te momotu hiko DC i te MCB nā te mea e arotahi ana ki te whakakore haumaru i te ia o te kawenga i ngā ngaohiko DC teitei.
Ko ngā mea e tāutahia ana mō ngā wehewehenga ko:
– e tata ana ki te inverter (kia taea ai e te tohunga hangarau te momotu i te DC i mua i te mahi tiaki),
– i roto rānei i tētahi pouaka whakakotahi, kei te hoahoa rānei.
Kōwhiria he whakawehe me ngā whakatauranga ngaohiko me te iahiko e tika ana, ngā paerewa me ngā tiwhikete e tika ana, me te wāhi e tika ana mō te wāhi tāutanga (roto/waho).
3) Pūrere Ārai Ngaru (SPD)
He mea nui ngā SPD, inā koa i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te uira, e ngā whatunga hiko kore pumau rānei. E rua ngā huarahi e puta ai ngā ngaru hiko:
– mai i te taha DC (te whakaawe uira i runga i te taura panera/kōwae),
– mai i te taha AC (te pikinga mai i te whatunga, nā te whakawhiti kawenga nui rānei).
Ngā momo SPD noa:
– DC SPD (PV SPD): mō te ara mai i te panera ki te pouaka inverter/combiner.
– SPD AC: mō te papa tohatoha AC/putanga whakawhiti.
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā wā ka tāutahia ngā SPD:
– i runga i te pouaka whakakotahi DC,
– e tata ana ki te inverter,
– i runga i te papaaho matua o te hauhautanga.
Kia pai ai te mahi a te SPD, he mea nui te pūnaha whenua pai. Me poto, me tika hoki te taura whenua o te SPD kia iti ai te aukati.
4) Te Parenga o te Au Puta: RCD/RCBO me te Aroturukitanga Ārai
Mō te taha hauhautanga, ka whakamahia he RCD (Residual Current Device) he RCBO rānei (he huinga o te MCB me te RCD) hei tiaki i te tangata mai i te ru hiko e puta mai ana i te turuturu o te au ki te whenua. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā whakaurunga kāinga me ngā whakaurunga arumoni.
Heoi, i roto i ngā pūnaha me ētahi kaitahuri, me whiriwhiri tika te momo RCD (hei tauira, momo A, momo B rānei), nā te mea tera pea he wāhanga DC kei roto i te ia turuturu. He maha ngā tohutohu motuhake a ngā kaitahuri hou; he mea nui te whai i te pukapuka a te kaihanga.
I ētahi pūnaha, inā koa ngā pūnaha nui ake, ngā pūnaha tawhiti rānei i te whatunga hiko, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu aroturuki whakamahana hei aroturuki i te ātete whakamahana i te taha DC.
5) Te Tiakitanga Pūhiko (Mō ngā Pūnaha Ranu/Kāore i te Ipurangi)
Mena kei te whakamahia ngā pākahiko (Lithium, Lead-acid rānei) e te pūnaha, me āta whakahaere te tiakitanga nā te mea he nui te pūngao kua rongoatia, ā, he nui ake te mōrearea wera.
Ngā taputapu tiaki noa:
– Te fiusi DC/MCB e tata ana ki te pākahiko (ka tiaki i te taura, ka ārai hoki i ngā iahiko hapa nui).
– Pātene momotu pākahiko mō te tiaki ngāwari.
– BMS (Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko) inā koa mō ngā pākahiko lithium: ka whakahaere i te taurite, ka aroturuki i te pāmahana, te ngaohiko pūtau, te iahiko, ā, ka momotu ina he kino ngā āhuatanga.
– Te tiaki i te pāmahana me te hauhautanga: me nui te rere o te hau i roto i te rūma pākahiko, inā koa mō ētahi momo pākahiko.
Ko te mea pai, me tata rawa te whakatakotoranga o ngā fiusi ki ngā pito pākahiko (me te whai whakaaro tonu ki te haumaru ā-ringa) kia iti ai te roa o te taura kāore i tiakina.
6) Te Whakatakotoranga Whenua, te Here, me te Parenga Uira o Waho
Ko te whakatakoto whenua te tūāpapa o te tiakitanga. E rua ngā āhuatanga matua:
– Te whakawhenua/te whakawhenua hiko: te whakarite kia haumaru te ara o ngā ia hapa ki te whenua.
– Te Hononga: te whakakotahi i ngā wāhanga whakarewa (anga panera, te whakamau, te ārai) kia ōrite te kaha, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te ru me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te SPD.
Hei tāpiritanga, i ngā wāhi e tino pāngia ana e te uira (ngā whare teitei, ngā wāhi tuwhera nui), whakaarohia ngā pūnaha tiaki uira o waho pērā i ngā tokotoko uira me ngā kaiārahi hiko, i hangaia kia rite ki ngā paerewa. He rerekē te tiaki uira o waho i ngā SPD; e tautoko ana ngā mea e rua tetahi i tetahi.
7) Ngā Āpiti me ngā Hononga: Ngā Taipitopito Iti e Whakatau ana i te Haumarutanga
Haunga ngā taputapu "matua", kei reira anō ngā huānga tautoko e whakaititia ana:
– Pouaka whakakotahi me te whakatauranga IP e ai ki te wāhi (hei tauira, IP65 mō waho).
– Hononga DC paerewa PV (hei tauira, hototahi momo hononga) hei ārai i te pa koretake e hua ai te wera.
– Ngā repe taura, ngā paipa wai, me te whakahaere taura hei ārai i ngā taura kei tihorea, kei ngaua rānei e ngā kararehe.
– Te tapanga me ngā tohu: Mā ngā tohu "DC Morearea", ngā tohutohu mō ngā taputapu wehewehe, me ngā hoahoa rārangi kotahi ka āwhina i ngā wā tirotiro me ngā āhuatanga ohorere.
He take noa ngā hononga wetekina mō ngā wāhi wera me ngā ahi pea. Nō reira, me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga te kounga o te hononga, te tikanga kume, me te whakakaha i te taipana.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu tiaki tika
Kia kore ai e "i reira" noa te tiakitanga, kia aro ki ngā mātāpono e whai ake nei:
1. Whakatauritea ngā whakatauranga (ngaohiko, iahiko, kaha pakaru) ki te hoahoa pūnaha, kaua ki ngā whakatau tata.
2. Whakamahia he pūrere PV/DC motuhake mō te taha DC.
3. Whāia ngā paerewa me ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga o te inverter, inā koa mō te RCD/RCBO me te whakapūmau whenua.
4. Kia whakarite kia taurite te tiakitanga: me tūtaki tuatahi ngā taputapu e tata ana ki te pūtake o te raruraru kia iti ai te wāhi e motuhia ai te hiko.
5. Kia aro ki te kounga me te tiwhikete: ka pakaru pea ngā taputapu iti te utu kāore he paerewa mārama ina puta he ngaru hiko, he hapa rānei.
Te Tiaki me te Whakamātautau Ā-Wā
Me tirotiro tonu te tiakitanga pai, hei tauira:
– tirohia te pūmautanga o te pito (taipana),
– te tirotiro ā-kanohi mō ngā tohu o te wera nui,
– kia tino mohio kei te kaha tonu te SPD (tohu tūnga),
– whakamātautau i te RCD i ia wā,
– te aroturuki i ngā rangitaki hapa o te inverter me te BMS.
Ko ngā pūnaha e kore e tiakina, kei te mōrearea ki te pirau o ngā hononga, ki te waikura, me ngā hapa kāore e kitea.
Te Katinga
Ko te whakarite kia tiakina te pūnaha panera rā, ehara i te mea ko te tāuta noa i ngā panera kounga me te inverter. Kei roto hoki ko te hanga i ngā paparanga tiaki whānui: te iahiko nui, te whakaheke kawenga, te tiaki ngaru, te tiaki iahiko turuturu, te tiaki pākahiko, me te whenua me te hononga tika. Ehara i te mea ko te tiaki i tō haumitanga mai i ngā kino utu nui anake, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te haumaru o ngā kainoho, ngā tohunga hangarau, me te taiao e karapoti ana.
Mena kei te whakamahere koe i tētahi tāutanga tipu hiko o te rā, me whakarite kia whakaritea te hoahoa tiaki mai i te tīmatanga, ā, kia tika te tāutanga e ngā tohunga hangarau matatau, kia rite ki ngā paerewa hiko e tika ana. Mā tēnei, ka taea e tō pūnaha hiko te mahi pūmau, haumaru, me te tino pai mō ngā tau e haere ake nei.
