Te Hiranga o te Pūnaha Yaw i roto i ngā Tāpine Hau
Kua riro te pūngao hau hei tētahi o ngā pou tuarā o te whakawhiti pūngao ki ngā pūtake hiko ma, pumau hoki. Kei muri i te āhua māmā noa iho o te tāpine hau—he pourewa teitei, he nacelle, me ngā mata hurihuri e toru—he huinga matatini o ngā pūnaha miihini, hiko, me te whakahaere e āhei ai te tāpine ki te hopu i te pūngao hau me te whai hua me te haumaru. Ko tētahi pūnaha e warewarehia ana, engari he mea nui ki te mahi tāpine, ko te pūnaha yaw. Ko tēnei pūnaha te kawenga mō te pupuri i te tāpine kia anga atu ki te hau, kia taea ai e te tāpine te whakaputa i te mana tino pai me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kino nā te uta kore taurite.
He aha te Pūnaha Yaw?
I te whakarapopototanga, ko te yaw te nekehanga hurihuri o te nacelle (te whare matua o te tāpine) huri noa i te tuaka poutū o te pourewa, e āhei ai te ahunga o te rotor ki te urutau ki ngā huringa o te ahunga o te hau. Nā te mea kāore te ahunga o te hau i te parae e pumau tonu ana—ka taea te huri āta, te neke ohorere, te wiri rānei nā te aueue—me whai tikanga ngā tāpine ka taea te "whai" i te hau. Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai te pūnaha yaw.
I roto i ngā tāpine hau tuaka-whakapae o ēnei rā (HAWT), he maha ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha yaw: he whāriki yaw, he puku yaw (mōta/whakaoho yaw), he pēki yaw, he vane hau me te anemometer, me te kaiwhakahaere e tatau ana i te wā me te tawhiti e hiahiatia ana e te tāpine kia huri. Mā tēnei huinga o ngā tikanga me ngā mana whakahaere ka taea e te nacelle te huri āta kia anga tonu te rotor ki te hau me te iti o te pekapeka.
He aha te hiranga o te ahunga e anga atu ana te rotor?
Ka pāngia nui te mahi a te tāhū hau e te hē o te tūnga (te rerekētanga i waenga i te ahunga o te hau tuturu me te ahunga e anga atu ana te rotor). Mena kāore te rotor e anga tika ana ki te hau, kāore tetahi o ngā pūngao o te hau e hopukina. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te nui ake o te hē o te tūnga, ko te nui ake o te hekenga o te putanga mana. Hei tāpiri, ka whakanuia e te hē o te tūnga ngā kawenga aerodynamic kore-taurite ki runga i ngā mata, te pokapū, me te hanganga nacelle.
I raro i ngā āhuatanga tino pai, ka anga poutū te rotor ki te hau, ka taea ai e te hau te pā nui ki te papa whāiti o te rotor. Ina peka ke te rotor, ka heke te tere o te hau. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te whakaputanga pūngao engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te wiri, te haruru, me te ahotea miihini, ka tere ake te ngenge o te rauemi.
Te Tūranga o te Pūnaha Yaw ki te Arotau i te Whakaputa Pūngao
Ko tētahi o ngā take matua e kiia ai te pūnaha yaw he mea nui ko tana takoha ki te whakanui ake i te hua o te pūngao. I te tauine o te pāmu hau, ko te rerekētanga o te whai huatanga o te torutoru ōrau noa iho ka tohu i te rerekētanga nui o te moni whiwhi i roto i te roanga o te oranga o te tāpine 20–25 tau.
Ahakoa te hurihanga o te ahunga o te hau, ka taea e te pūnaha yaw te arotau me te tika te pupuri i te iti o te he o te tūnga ahakoa te hurihanga o te ahunga o te hau. He maha ngā rautaki motuhake ka whakamahia e te kaiwhakahaere, pērā i te karo i ngā nekehanga yaw nui rawa (ka tere ake te pakaru), me te pupuri tonu i te koki peka i roto i ngā rohe e whakaaetia ana. Arā, me whakataurite e te pūnaha yaw ngā whāinga e rua: te whakaputa i te mana nui me te whakaiti i te auau o ngā nekehanga hei ārai i te pakaru wawe o ngā wāhanga.
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā wā ka whakaarohia e te mana whakahaere i te yawning tētahi paepae: ka tīmata te neke o te tāpine ina neke atu te peka o te ahunga hau i te torutoru nekehanga, ā, he pumau tonu ngā āhuatanga o te hau. Ki te kore, ka taea e te tāpine te "whai tonu," arā, ka yawning ki mua, ki muri nā te rerekētanga o te ahunga hau.
Pūnaha Yaw me te Tiakitanga Hanganga Turbine
Haunga te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga, he mahi haumaru te pūnaha yaw mō te hanganga o te tāpine. Ka taea e te kore taunga roa te whakararu i ngā kawenga huringa. Ka taea e ngā mata o te rotor te pāngia e te tohatoha kaha kore taurite, ka hua ake he pikinga piko me ngā taipana. Ka tukuna ēnei kawenga ki te pou matua, te pouaka miihini (mēnā kei roto), te whakaputa hiko, tae atu ki te pourewa.
Mā te pūnaha yaw ka whakaiti i te kaha o te ngenge i ngā wāhanga matua. Mā te huri o te rotor ki te hau, ka ōrite ake ngā kaha ā-rangi, ka whakaiti i te wiri me te ahotea o roto i te hanganga. I roto i te horopaki o te hangarau pono, ko te tikanga o te pūnaha yaw pai he roa ake te ora o te wāhanga, he iti ake te auau whakatika, ā, he iti ake te wā kore mahi.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Pūnaha Yaw me tā Rātou Mahi
1. Pūoko hau: Ka ine i te ahunga o te hau e pā ana ki te nacelle. He mea nui tēnei raraunga hei whakauru whakahaere.
2. Kaiwhakahaere: Ka tukatuka i ngā raraunga pūoko me te whakatau i ngā whakahau yaw. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakatinanahia e te kaiwhakahaere ngā arorau e hangai ana ki te paepae, ngā tātari, me ngā whakaroa wā hei ārai i te nekehanga nui rawa.
3. Puku yaw: He motuka hiko (he maha ngā waeine i ētahi wā) e huri ana i te nacelle mā roto i ngā taputapu i runga i te peera yaw. Mā te whakamahi i ngā motuka maha ka āwhina i te tohatoha i te kawenga me te whakanui ake i te auautanga.
4. Te whāriki yaw: He whāriki nui, āhua porowhita e āhei ai te nacelle ki te huri i runga i te pourewa. He wāhanga nui tēnei e tautoko ana i ngā kawenga nunui.
5. Pēki yaw: He pēki e maukati ana i te nacelle kia kore ai e huri noa. He mea nui tēnei pēki hei pupuri i te pumau ina kore te tāpine e whakarerekē.
Ka taea te whakarite i te pūnaha yaw ki te "kaki" e tahuri ana i te upoko, ko te rotor ia te "mata" me anga tonu ki te pūtake o te hau.
Ngā Wero: Te Pakaru, Te Tiaki, me te Rahunga o te Ārai
Nā te mea he taumaha āna kawenga, ā, e mahi ana i roto i ngā taiao kino—ngā hau kaha, ngā rerekētanga pāmahana, te haumākū, me te waikura—ka ngāwari te pūnaha yaw ki te pakaru me te pakaru. Ko ētahi o ngā raruraru noa ko:
– Te pakaru o ngā taputapu me te peera nā te whakamahinga auau me te korenga o te hinu whakahinuhinu.
– Te pakaru o te motuka yaw nā te taumaha rawa, nā ngā hapa hiko rānei.
– He raruraru ki te pēraki yaw e paheke ai, e kore rānei e pumau te raka.
– Ngā hapa o te pūoko e meinga ai te tāpine kia anga ki te hau hē, ka whakaiti i te whakaputanga me te whakanui ake i te kawenga.
Nō reira, ko te tiaki matapae pērā i te tātari wiri, te tirotiro hinu, me te aroturuki i te pāmahana o te motuka kua noho hei mahi nui i roto i te umanga. He maha ngā tāpine hou kua rite ki ngā pūnaha SCADA hei aroturuki i te mahi yaw i te wā tūturu.
Pānga ki ngā Mahi a te Pāmu Hau
I te taumata pāmu hau, kāore te pūnaha yaw e pā ki ngā tāpine takitahi anake, engari ki ngā taunekeneke hoki i waenganui i a rātou mā te pānga oho (atarangi hau). Ka taea e te tāpine kāore e anga tika ana ki te hau te whakaputa i tētahi oho rerekē, ā, ka pā ki ngā tāpine kei muri. Ko ētahi rautaki whakahaere e whakamahi ana i te urungi oho, e āta whakatikatika ana i te yaw kia anga atu te oho mai i ētahi atu tāpine hei whakanui ake i te katoa o te whakaputanga o te pāmu hau. E whakaatu ana tēnei ehara i te mea he taputapu "whakatakoto aronga" anake te yaw, engari he wāhanga rautaki anō hoki i roto i te arotau taumata pāmu.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga matua te pūnaha yaw e warewarehia ana, engari he mea nui ki te angitu o te tāpine hau ki te whakaputa hiko me te whai hua me te haumaru. Mā te pupuri i te rotor e anga ana ki te hau, ka whakanui ake te pūnaha yaw i te whakaputanga pūngao, ka whakaiti i ngā kawenga hanganga, ka whakaiti i te kakahu o ngā wāhanga, ā, ka āwhina ki te whakarite kia roa te ora o te tāpine. I tēnei wā e matua ana te whai huatanga, te pono, me ngā utu whakahaere i roto i te pūngao whakahou, he mea nui te kounga o te hoahoa me te whakahaere o te pūnaha yaw. Arā, ki te mea ko ngā mata o te rotor ngā "ringa" e hopu ana i te pūngao hau, ko te pūnaha yaw te "kaiārahi" e whakarite ana kei te tūranga tika tonu aua ringa kia pai ai te mahi.
