Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Nacelle i roto i te Pūkaha Hau
I roto i ngā pūnaha hau hou, ko te nacelle te "whare matua" e pupuri ana i te nuinga o ngā wāhanga miihini me te hiko nui. Kei te tihi o te pourewa, i muri tonu i te rotor me te pokapū (whare mata). I roto i te nacelle, ka tukuna, ka whakahaeretia, ka hurihia hei pūngao hiko te pūngao hau e huri ana i ngā mata, kātahi ka tohatohahia ki te whatunga hiko. Nā tōna tūranga teitei me te pānga ki te huarere kino, kua hangaia hoki te nacelle hei hanganga kaha, hiri rawa me ngā pūnaha haumaru me te aroturuki whānui.
Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te nacelle o te tāpine hau e whai ake nei, me ā rātou mahi me ngā tūranga hei whakarite kia pai te mahi a te tāpine hau, kia haumaru, kia pono hoki.
1. Anga Nacelle (Pereti Moenga/Anga)
Ko te wāhanga taketake o te nacelle ko te anga matua, te pereti moenga rānei. Koinei te hanganga tautoko e mahi ana hei "tūāpapa" mō te whakairi i te pouaka miihini, te whakaputa hiko, te pūnaha aukati, ngā peera matua, me ētahi atu wāhanga tautoko. Me āhei te pereti moenga ki te tu atu i ngā kawenga pumau (te taumaha o te wāhanga) me ngā kawenga hihiri (te wiri, ngā rerekētanga taipana, me te aueue o te hau).
Ko te rauemi he maitai kaha-teitei, he rino maka rānei, he hoahoa e whai whakaaro ana ki te pakari kia noho tika ai ngā wāhanga kua tāutahia, kia kore ai hoki e hē te tūnga ka nui ake te pakaru.
2. Te Pou Matua me te Peera Matua
Ka tukuna te pūngao miihini mai i te rotor ki te pou matua. Ka huri te pou i te tere iti engari he nui te taipana. Hei tautoko i te hurihanga o te pou, ka whakamahia he peera matua. Ko ētahi hoahoa he peera matua kotahi, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i ngā peera matua e rua hei whakanui ake i te pumau.
He mea nui te mahi a ngā peera nā te mea ka roa te wā kore mahi me te nui o ngā utu whakatikatika mēnā ka pakaru te peera. Nō reira, he tino kaha te aro turuki i ngā pūnaha whakahinuhinu me te aroturukitanga pāmahana/wiri i tēnei wāhi.
3. Pouaka Taputapu (I runga i ngā Tīnipene me ngā Pūnaha Taputapu)
He maha ngā tāhū hau e whakamahi ana i te pouaka miihini hei whakanui ake i te tere hurihuri mai i te pou puhoi (hei tauira, 10–20 rpm) ki te tere teitei e hiahiatia ana e te kaihanga hiko (ka taea te horapa mai i ngā rau ki ngā mano rpm, i runga i te momo kaihanga hiko). Ko te pouaka miihini tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino uaua o te nacelle, he raupapa taputapu (ngā pou aorangi me/ranei ngā pou whakarara), ngā peera, me te pūnaha whakahinuhinu.
Heoi, he mea tika kia mōhiotia kei reira anō ngā tāpine taraiwa-tika kāore e whakamahi ana i te pouaka miihini. I roto i tēnei hoahoa, he pai ake te hono atu o te rotor ki tētahi kaihanga hiko nui te whānui e hurihuri ana i te tere iti. Ko te painga o te taraiwa-tika ko te whakaiti i te maha o ngā wāhanga hurihuri me te kaha pea o te pakaru o te pouaka miihini, engari he nui ake, he nui ake hoki te utu o te pūnaha kaihanga hiko me te kaitahuri.
4. Kaihanga
He wāhanga te pūkaha hiko e huri ana i te pūngao miihini ki te pūngao hiko. He rerekē ngā momo pūkaha hiko, tae atu ki:
– Ko te DFIG (Doubly-Fed Induction Generator) he mea noa i roto i ngā tāpine pouaka miihini, e āhei ana ki te mahi rerekē me ngā kaitahuri tauine-wāhanga.
– PMSG (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hoahoa taraiwa-tika me ētahi hoahoa taputapu hou, he tino whai hua me te whakahaere pai.
Ka whakaputahia te hiko e te miihini hiko me ētahi āhuatanga (ngaohiko, auau) ka whakahaeretia e te pūnaha hikohiko mana i mua i te tohatoha.
5. Pūnaha Whakatangitangi (Pūnaha Whakatangitangi)
Mā te pūnaha papa e whakahaere te koki o te mata e pā ana ki te ahunga o te hau. Ko tētahi o ngā pūnaha whakahaere tino nui mō:
– Ka arotau i te hopunga pūngao i ngā tere hau iti ki te reo.
– Ka whakawhāiti i te mana me te kawenga i ngā tere hau nui.
– Te whakamutu i te tāpine (whakaweto) mā te huri i ngā mata ki te tūranga huruhuru (te whakaiti i te hiki).
Ka taea te whakamahi i te waipēhi, i te hiko rānei (he mōtini iti me te pouaka miihini i roto i te pū). Ahakoa kei roto i te pū te kaiwhakaoho pū, ko tōna mana whakahaere, te pūtake hiko, me te whakaurunga he mea hono tata ki ngā pūnaha i roto i te nacelle, tae atu ki te kōwae whakahaere me te pūtake hiko tārua.
6. Pūnaha Āwhiowhio
Hei whakarite kia anga tonu te rotor ki te hau, kua whakauruhia he pūnaha yaw ki te nacelle e taea ai e te nacelle te huri i runga ake i te pourewa. Ko te tikanga, ko tēnei pūnaha:
– Te whāriki yaw: he whāriki nui, āhua porowhita e mahi ana hei "papa hurihuri" i waenganui i te pourewa me te nacelle.
– Te puku/mōta taraiwa: ngā mōta taraiwa e hurihuri ana i te nacelle e ai ki ngā whakahau whakahaere.
– Pēki yaw: pēki hei pupuri i te nacelle kia mau tonu.
Ka whakamahia e te whakahaere yaw ngā raraunga mai i te whana hau me te anemometer. Ko te whāinga o te yaw he whakaiti i te he o te tūnga kia nui ake ai te whakaputa pūngao me te whakahaere i ngā kawenga hanganga.
7. Pūnaha Pēki (Pūnaha Pēki)
He maha ngā paparanga o ngā rautaki aukati mō te haumaru o ngā tāhū hau. Ko te tikanga, ko ēnei:
– Ngā parai ā-rangi: mā roto i te pūnaha pitch te nuinga, ka hurihia ngā mata hei whakaiti i te pana me te aukati i te rotor.
– Ngā pēki mīhini (pēki kōpae): he maha ngā wā kei runga i te pou tere-teitei e tata ana ki te pouaka miihini/pūkaha hiko. Ko ēnei pēki ka whakamahia hei pēki tūnga, hei pēki ohorere rānei, kaua mō te pēki tonu.
He mea nui te pūnaha parai hei ārai i ngā āhuatanga kino, i te tiaki, i te rahunga rānei o te mana whakahaere.
8. Ngā Pūnaha Whakahinuhinu me te Waipēhi
Kei roto i te nacelle he pūnaha tautoko kia pai ai te mahi a ngā wāhanga hurihuri i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino pai, tae atu ki:
– Pūnaha whakahinuhinu hinu mō te pouaka miihini: papu, tātari, whakamatao, me te pūoko kounga hinu.
– Pūnaha hinu mō ētahi peera me ngā peera yaw.
– Ngā pūnaha waipēhi (mēnā e whakamahia ana), hei tauira, mō te papa waipēhi, mō ngā kaiwhakaoho motuhake rānei.
Mā te hinu whakahinuhinu pai ka whakaitihia te waku, te pāmahana, me te pakaru, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te wāhanga.
9. Pūnaha Whakamatao
Ka taea e ngā wāhanga pēnei i te whakaputa hiko, te kaitahuri hiko, me te pouaka miihini te whakaputa wera nui. Nō reira, kua rite te nacelle ki tētahi pūnaha whakamatao e uru ana ki:
– Te whakamatao hau (hau-ki-hau).
– Te whakamatao wai, hei tauira i roto i ētahi kaitahuri, i ētahi whakaputa hiko rānei.
– Mā te whakawhiti wera me te pā hau e pupuri te pāmahana mahi i roto i ngā rohe haumaru.
Ka taea e te whakahaere wera ngoikore te whakaiti i te whai huatanga me te whakateretere i te pirau o te whakamarumaru hiko me ngā hinu whakahinuhinu.
10. Ngā Hikohiko Mana me ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere (Kaitahuri me te Kāpata Whakahaere)
Ko ngā tāhū hau hou e mahi ana i ngā tere rerekē, me whakamahi he kaitahuri hiko hei whakarerekē i te putanga hiko kia ōrite ki te whatunga hiko. Ka whakahaere tēnei waeine i te ngaohiko, te auau, me te tauwehenga mana, hei āwhina i te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga waehere whatunga.
I tētahi atu taha, kei roto i te kāpata whakahaere te rorohiko PLC/whakahaere, ngā kōwae tiaki, ngā whakawhiti, me ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ka whakahaerehia e te pūnaha whakahaere te pikinga, te yaw, te tīmatanga/mutu, te tiaki tere rawa, me te arorau haumaru. He maha hoki ngā wā ka whakauruhia ki te SCADA mō te aroturuki mamao, te takiuru raraunga, me te tātaritanga.
11. Ngā Pūoko: Te Ine Āmiomio, Te Waewae Hau, Te Wiri, Te Mahana, me Ētahi Atu
Kia taea ai e te tāpine te urupare ki ngā āhuatanga mahi i te wā tonu, he maha ngā pūoko kei te nacelle, pēnei i:
– Te tere o te hau (anemometer) me te ahunga o te hau (vane).
– Ngā pūoko wiri i runga i te pouaka miihini, te whakaputa hiko me ngā peera.
– Ngā pūoko pāmahana i runga i ngā peera, te hinu, ngā takai whakaputa hiko, me ngā kāpata hiko.
– Ngā pūoko pēhanga me te rere i roto i te pūnaha whakahinuhinu/waipēhi.
E whakamahia ana ngā raraunga pūoko mō te whakahaere, ā, he maha ake ngā mīhini tāpoi e whakamahi ana i ngā tātaritanga matapae hei kite wawe i ngā hapa pea.
12. Whakawhitiwhiti (Kei te hoahoa te tikanga)
I ētahi tāpine, kei roto i te nacelle te whare hurihiko; i ētahi atu hoahoa, kei roto i te pourewa, i waho rānei. Ka whakanuia e te whare hurihiko te ngaohiko mai i te whakaputa hiko/kaitahuri ki tētahi taumata e tika ana mō te tuku hiko ā-roto, ka hua ake he iti iho ngā iahiko me te iti iho o ngā ngaronga hiko.
13. Te Taupoki Nacelle me te Pūnaha Tiaki Taiao
Kua hipokina te nacelle ki tētahi uhi hei tiaki i ngā wāhanga mai i te ua, te puehu, te haumākū, te kohu tote (i waho o te moana), me ngā huringa pāmahana tino kino. Kei roto hoki:
– Ngā pūnaha whakahaere hauhautanga me te haumākū hei whakaiti i te haukū.
– Te ārai uira kua whakauruhia ki ngā taura whenua.
– Ngā pūnaha kimi me te tinei ahi i runga i ētahi tāpine, inā koa mō ngā wāhi morearea.
Whakamutunga
Ko te nacelle ngā "roro me ngā uaua" o te tāpine hau. I roto, ka mahi tahi te anga, te pou, ngā whāriki, te pouaka miihini (mēnā e tika ana), te whakaputa hiko, ngā pēki, me ngā pūnaha yaw me te whakahaere i roto i ngā taiao uaua. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakahinuhinu, te whakamatao, ngā pūoko, ngā kaitahuri, me ngā pūnaha tiaki ka whakarite kia kore e whakaputa hiko anake te tāpine engari kia noho haumaru, kia whai hua, kia ngāwari hoki te aroturuki.
Mā te mārama ki ngā wāhanga matua o te nacelle ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama he aha te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau tāwhana hau: ko te whāinga ehara i te mea ko te whakanui ake i te mana anake, engari ko te whakapai ake i te pono, te whakahaere i te tiaki, me te whakaiti i te utu o te hiko e whakaputaina ana e te hau. Mena e hiahia ana koe, ka taea e au te tāpiri i tētahi wāhanga motuhake mō ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā nacelle tāwhana o uta me o tai, te matapaki rānei i te tūtohi rere pūngao mai i te rotor ki te whatunga hiko.
