Ngā Wāhanga Nacelle me ā rātou Mahi i roto i ngā Tipu Mana Hau
I roto i te tipu hiko hau (PLTAngin), ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino nui—engari he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia—ko te nacelle. Ko te nacelle te "whare miihini" kei te tihi o te pourewa tāpine hau, i muri tonu i te rotor (ngā mata). Kei roto i te nacelle ngā wāhanga matua e huri ana i te kaha nekeneke o te hau hei kaha hiko kua rite ki te tohatoha ki te whatunga hiko. He poto engari he whānui tēnei tuhinga e matapaki ana i ngā wāhanga nacelle, me te mahi a ia wāhanga ki te whakarite kia pai te mahi a te tāpine hau, kia haumaru, kia pono hoki.
He aha te Nacelle?
He māmā noa iho, he uhi ā-rangi te nacelle e tiaki ana i ngā pūnaha miihini me ngā pūnaha hiko o te tāhū hau. Nā te mea e tekau ki te rau mita te teitei i runga ake i te whenua, ā, e pāngia ana e te huarere kino, kua hangaia te nacelle kia kaha, kia ātete ki te waikura, kia ngāwari hoki te uru atu mō te tiaki. Kua hangaia hoki hei whakaiti i te haruru me te whakaiti i ngā raruraru ā-rangi.
Kei roto i te nacelle, he raupapa o ngā wāhanga, tae atu ki te pou, te pouaka miihini, te whakaputa hiko, ngā parai, me te pūnaha whakahaere. Ka mahi tahi ēnei katoa kia taea ai e te tāpine te whakahaere i ngā tere hau maha, mai i te rohe tapahi iti rawa ki te rohe tapahi haumaru mōrahi.
1. Pereti Moenga (Anga Matua Nacelle)
Ko te pereti moenga te hanganga anga matua e whakairihia ai ngā wāhanga taumaha pēnei i te pouaka miihini, te whakaputa hiko, me te pou. Ka tautokohia e te pereti moenga ngā kawenga pūmau me ngā kawenga hihiri e puta mai ana i te hurihanga o te rotor, ngā hau pūmau, me te wiri o te miihini.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Hei tūāpapa ā-pūkaha mō ngā wāhanga nacelle.
– Kia mau tonu te tūnga o ngā toki me ngā wāhanga whakawhiti.
– Ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te ngenge o ngā rauemi nā te wiri.
Ki te kore he pereti moenga pakari, ka ngāwari te whakatika i ngā wāhanga o roto, ka raru pea te peera, ka kino rānei te pouaka miihini.
2. Pou Matua
Ka hono te pou matua i te rotor (te pokapū me ngā mata) ki te pūnaha tuku i roto i te nacelle. Ina huri ngā mata i te hau, ka huri anō hoki te pou matua, ka tukuna he nui o te taipana ki te pouaka miihini, ki te whakaputa hiko rānei (mō ngā tāpine taraiwa-tika).
Ngā mahi matua:
– Ka tukuna te taipana mai i te rotor.
– Hei wāhanga miihini e hono ana i te pūnaha aerodynamic me te pūnaha whakaputa hiko.
Ko te rakau matua he mea whakamahi i te maitai kaha-teitei, ā, he nui ngā peera hei tu atu i ngā kaha radial me te axial.
3. Whāriki Matua
Ko te whāriki matua ko te whāriki e tautoko ana i te pou matua. He mea nui tēnei wāhanga nā te mea ka tautoko i ngā kawenga taumaha, ā, ka whakarite kia maeneene, kia pumau hoki te hurihanga o te pou.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Ka whakaiti i te waku, ka whakangawari hoki i te hurihanga o te kakau.
– Ka tū atu ki ngā kawenga whakakotahi (whakapūmau me te axial) nā te hau.
– Ka whakaiti i ngā wiri e horapa ana ki ētahi atu wāhanga.
I te pakaru o te peera matua ka roa te wā e kore ai e taea te whakakapi nā te mea he uaua te whakakapinga, ā, me whakamahi hoki i tētahi kerēni nui.
4. Pouaka Taputapu
I roto i te nuinga o ngā tāhū hau hou, ka pōturi te hurihuri o te rotor (hei tauira, 10–20 rpm). I taua wā, he pai ake te mahi a ngā whakaputa hiko i ngā rpm teitei ake. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi ai te pouaka miihini: ka whakanui ake i te tere hurihuri o te pou matua ki te pou tere-teitei.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Whakanuia te rpm kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te whakaputa hiko.
– Tuku pai i te mana miihini mai i te rotor ki te whakaputa hiko.
Heoi anō, he wāhanga anō hoki te pouaka miihini e hiahia ana kia nui te tiaki nā te mea ka mahi i raro i ngā kawenga rerekē, ā, me pai te whakahinuhinu.
5. Pou Tere-Teitei
I muri i te whakanui ake i te rpm o te pouaka miihini, ka whakawhitihia te mana ki te pou tere-rahi. Ka huri tere tēnei pou, ā, ko te tikanga kei reira ngā pēraki miihini (pēraki kōpae) i mua i te whakaputa hiko.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Ka tuku i te hurihanga tere-teitei mai i te pouaka miihini ki te whakaputa hiko.
– Ka noho hei pūwāhi whakauru o te pūoko pēki me te pūoko hurihuri.
Nā te tere ake o te hurihuri, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te wera me te pakaru, nō reira he mea tino nui te kounga o ngā peera me te hinu whakahinuhinu.
6. Kaihanga
Ko te pūkaha hiko he wāhanga e huri ana i te pūngao miihini ki te pūngao hiko mā te whakapūngao hikohiko. He maha ngā momo pūkaha hiko i roto i ngā tāhū hau, pērā i ngā pūkaha hiko whāngai-rua (DFIG) me ngā pūkaha hiko tukutahi tuturu (i roto i te taraiwa-tika).
Ngā mahi matua:
– Te whakaputa hiko mai i te hurihanga ā-pūkaha.
– E whakarato ana i te putanga hiko, ā, ka whakahaeretia e te kaitahuri/hikohiko mana.
He nui te pānga o te pumau o te hurihanga, te whakamatao, me te kounga o te pūnaha whakahaere hiko ki te mahi a te whakaputa hiko.
7. Pūnaha Pēki
Me whai pūnaha aukati ngā tāhū hau mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere, ngā mahi tiaki, ngā wā rānei he nui rawa te tere o te hau. I te nuinga o te wā, ka uru mai he huinga o te aukati hau (mā te whakahaere i te nekehanga o ngā mata) me te aukati ā-ringa (ngā aukati kōpae i runga i te pou tere-rahi).
Ngā mahi matua:
– Whakamutua te tāpine me te haumaru i roto i tētahi āhuatanga ohorere.
– Ka mutu te mahi a te tāpine i te wā e mahi ana i te mahi tiaki.
– Ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te tere rawa ka pakaru ai te hanganga.
Ehara ngā pēki miihini i ngā pēki matua i te wā e mahi noa ana, engari he mea tautoko i muri i te nekehanga hei whakaiti i te taipana.
8. Pūnaha Āwhiowhio
Me anga atu ngā tāhū hau ki te hau kia whai hua ai. Ko te pūnaha yaw he tikanga e huri ana i te nacelle i runga i te pourewa kia anga tonu ai te rotor ki te hau.
Ngā wāhanga noa o te yaw:
– Te whāriki yaw (te whāriki hurihuri nui).
– Ngā motuka yaw me ngā pouaka miihini iti hei huri i te nacelle.
– Pēhia te pēraki kia maukati ai te tūranga.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Whakapai ake i te ahunga o te tāpine ki te hau.
– Ka whakaiti i ngā kawenga kore taurite i runga i ngā mata me te pourewa.
– Whakanuia te whakaputanga pūngao.
9. Pūnaha Whakatangitangi (Pūnaha Whakatangitangi)
Ahakoa kei te pokapū (e tata ana ki te rotor) te pūnaha pitch, he hononga tata ki te nacelle nā te mea kei roto i te nacelle te pūnaha whakahaere e whakahaeretia ana. Mā te pitch e whakahaere te koki o ngā mata e pā ana ki te hau.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Ka whakahaere i te mana whakaputa, ka pupuri hoki i te rpm ki roto i ngā rohe haumaru.
– Ka tiaki i te tāpine mai i ngā hau kaha mā te huri i ngā mata ki te tūranga "huruhuru".
– Āwhina i te tukanga tīmatanga/whakamutu o te tāpine.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te pūnaha pitch hei mōtini hiko, hei pūnaha waipēhi rānei, i runga i te hoahoa o te tāpine.
10. Kaiwhakahaere me te SCADA (Pūnaha Whakahaere)
He pūmana kei ngā tāwhana hau o ēnei rā e tukatuka ana i ngā raraunga mai i ngā pūoko (tere hau, wiri, pāmahana, rpm, iahiko/ngaohiko) me te whakahaere i te yaw, te pitch, ngā generators, me ngā pūnaha haumaru. Ko te tikanga ka honoa ēnei pūnaha ki tētahi pūnaha SCADA mō te aroturuki mamao.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Ka whakahaere aunoa i te mahi a te tāpine.
– Ka tiakina te tāpine me te arorau haumaru (ka mutu i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē).
– Ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā pakaru me te whakamahere tiaki.
11. Pūnaha Whakamatao
Ko ngā wāhanga pēnei i te whakaputa hiko, te pouaka miihini, me ngā hikohiko mana ka whakaputa wera. Nō reira, he pūnaha whakamatao kei roto i te nacelle, arā, he pā, he whakawhiti wera, he wai whakamatao rānei.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Ka pupuri i te pāmahana mahi tino pai o te wāhanga.
– Ārai i te pirau o te hinu whakahinuhinu me te ārai hiko.
– Whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te wāhanga, whakaitihia hoki te wā kore mahi.
12. Pūnaha Whakahinuhinu
Me whakahinuhinu tonu ngā pouaka taputapu me ngā peera. Kei roto i te pūnaha whakahinuhinu he papu hinu, he tātari, he pūoko pēhanga, me te pūnaha tohanga.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Ka whakaiti i te waku me te pakaru.
– Ka kawe i te wera mai i te wāhi waku.
– Kia ma te hinu kia kore ai e tere te pakaru o ngā wāhanga.
13. Taupoki Nacelle
Ehara i te mea he ātaahua noa iho te uhi nacelle. He mea hanga kia ātete ki te hau, kia ātete ki te huarere, ā, kia taea ai te tirotiro mā te panera.
Ngā mahi matua:
– Ka tiaki i ngā wāhanga mai i te ua, te puehu, te tote (ngā rohe takutai), me te hukapapa.
– Whakaitihia te haruru.
– Kia mau tonu te rere o te hau kia pai ai te whakamatao.
Whakamutunga
Ko te nacelle te "roro me te mana" o te tāhū hau. Kei roto ngā wāhanga miihini pēnei i ngā toki, ngā whāriki, ngā pouaka miihini, me ngā parai; ngā wāhanga hiko pēnei i ngā whakaputa hiko me ngā kaitahuri; me ngā pūnaha whakahaere pēnei i te yaw, te pitch, me te SCADA. He mahi motuhake tā ia wāhanga, engari ka mahi tahi rātou katoa ki te huri i te hau hei hiko me te haumaru me te whai hua.
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā wāhanga nacelle me ā rātou mahi, ehara i te mea mō ngā kaihangarau me ngā ākonga o te pūngao hou anake, engari mō te hunga katoa e hiahia ana ki te mōhio me pēhea te whakaputa pono o ngā tāpine hau i te hiko ahakoa te hurihanga o ngā āhuatanga taiao. Mā te hoahoa nacelle tika me te tiaki kua whakaritea, ka taea e ngā tāpine hau te mahi mō ngā tekau tau, ā, ka noho hei pou tuara mō te whakawhiti ki te pūngao ma.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te hanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o tēnei tuhinga, me tētahi tūtohi rere pūngao (hau → rotor → tuku → whakaputa hiko → whatunga) he rārangi rānei o ngā wāhanga motuhake i roto i tētahi tāpine taraiwa-tika me tētahi pouaka miihini.
