Te Mahi a te Pouaka Taputapu i roto i te Pūkaha Hau me tana Mahi
Ko ngā tāwhana hau tētahi o ngā hangarau pūngao hou e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e huri ana i te pūngao nekeneke o te hau hei pūngao hiko. Heoi, kei muri i ngā mata nui, puhoi te hurihuri me te āhua māmā noa iho, kei reira he raupapa o ngā wāhanga miihini me te hiko e mahi tika ana. Ko tētahi wāhanga matua i roto i te maha o ngā momo tāwhana hau ko te pouaka miihini. He mahi nui tā tēnei wāhanga ki te whakarerekē i te nekehanga puhoi o te hurihuri ki tētahi mea tere ake, e āhei ai te whakaputa hiko pai rawa atu. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga te mahi a te pouaka miihini i roto i te tāwhana hau me tana mahi.
Te Tūranga o te Pouaka Taputapu i roto i te Pūnaha Tāpoi Hau
I te nuinga o te wā, ka huri ngā hurihanga hau (ngā mata me te pokapū) i ngā tere iti. Mō ngā hurihanga hau tauine-pūtea (hei tauira, 1–5 MW), ko te tere o te hurihanga kei waenga i te 5–20 rpm, i runga i te hoahoa, te rahi o te hurihanga, me te tere o te hau. I taua wā, ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga hiko tuku iho he pai ake te mahi i ngā tere hurihanga teitei ake, he maha ngā rau ki ngā mano rpm.
Koinei te wāhi e huri ai te pouaka hiko hei piriti miihini i waenganui i ēnei hiahia rerekē e rua. Ko te mahi a te pouaka hiko he whakanui ake i te tere hurihuri o te toki e hono ana ki te rotor (toki tere-iti) kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te toki whakaputa hiko (toki tere-nui). Ki te kore he pouaka hiko—haunga ētahi hoahoa—me hangaia ngā whakaputa hiko kia whakaputa i te mana nui i ngā tere iti, ka nui ake ai, ka taumaha ake ai, ka nui ake ai hoki te utu o te whakaputa hiko.
Te Mahi Matua o te Pouaka Taputapu i roto i te Pūkaha Hau
1. Whakanuia te tere hurihuri (Whakateretere)
Ko te mahi matua o te pouaka miihini he whakanui ake i te rpm. Hei tauira, ki te huri te rotor i te 15 rpm, ā, me 1500 rpm te tere o te whakaputa hiko e te kaihanga hiko, me 1:100 te ōwehenga o te pouaka miihini. Ko te tikanga, mō ia hurihanga i runga i te rakau puhoi, ka kotahi rau ngā hurihanga i runga i te rakau tere.
2. Te Whakatikatika i te Taipana
I te pikinga o te tere, ka heke te taipana (me te whakaaro ki ngā mate). Ka whakaputahia e te rotor he taipana nui nā ngā ringa roa o te rotor me te kaha o te hau. Ehara i te mea ka "whakatere" noa te hurihanga e te pouaka miihini engari ka āwhina hoki ki te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga taipana kia rite ki ngā rohe mahi me ngā āhuatanga o te whakaputa hiko me ētahi atu wāhanga taraiwa.
3. Tohatohahia te Mana me te Whai Hua
He mea hanga ngā pouaka taputapu hei tuku i te mana nui me te iti o te ngaronga. Ahakoa kāore e 100% te whai huatanga, ka taea e ngā pouaka taputapu hau hou te whakatutuki i te tino whai huatanga mā te hoahoa taputapu tika, te hinu whakahinuhinu pai, me ngā rauemi pakari.
4. Whakaitihia te kawenga hihiri i runga i te kaihanga hiko
Kāore ngā āhuatanga o te hau e pumau tonu. He pūangi ohorere, he āwhā, he rerekē te ahunga. Ko te pūnaha tuku, tae atu ki te pouaka miihini (me te mamau me ētahi atu wāhanga tautoko), ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ētahi o ngā rerekētanga o te kawenga kia kore ai te whakaputa hiko e pāngia e te ru miihini tika.
5. Tautoko i te Hoahoa Nacelle Whaihua
Ko te nacelle te "whare" i runga i te pourewa tāpine e pupuri ana i ngā wāhanga matua. Mā te pouaka miihini ka iti ake, ka mama ake te whakaputa hiko i te whakaputa hiko tere-iti. Mā tēnei ka pai ake te hanganga me te utu o te hoahoa nacelle, ahakoa ka tāpirihia e te pouaka miihini ngā wāhanga tiaki.
Ngā Wāhanga Taketake o te Pouaka Taputapu Pūkaha Hau
Ko te pouaka miihini hau hau te nuinga o te wā:
– Te rakau tere-iti: ka huri te rotor.
– Ngā wāhanga taputapu: he maha ngā taumata taputapu hei whakanui haere i te hurihanga.
– Te pū tere-teitei: honoa ki te pūkaha hiko.
– Ngā peera me te whare: pupuri i te kakau me te pupuri i te pumau me te tūnga tika.
– Pūnaha whakahinuhinu: papu hinu, tātari, whakamatao, me ngā raina hinu hei whakaiti i te waku me te wera.
– Pūnaha aroturuki: ngā pūoko pāmahana, ngā matūriki whakarewa i roto i te hinu, te wiri, me te pēhanga hinu.
He maha ngā pouaka miihini hau e whakamahi ana i te huinga o ngā taputapu aorangi mō te wāhanga tuatahi me ngā taputapu porowhita mō ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei. He rongonui ngā taputapu aorangi nā te mea ka taea e rātou te tuku i te nui o te taipana i roto i te wāhi kiato ake.
Te Mahi a te Pouaka Taputapu i roto i te Tāpoi Hau
1. Ka Hurihia te Rotor e te Hau
Ina pā te hau ki runga i te porotiti, ka ara ake te hurihanga o te hurihanga nā te āhua ā-rangi o ngā mata, ka huri ai te rotor. He iti te tere hurihuri, engari he teitei te taipana.
2. Ka āta huri te rotor ki roto i te pou.
Ka tukuna te hurihanga o te rotor ki te pou puhoi. He mea hanga tēnei pou kia kaha nā te mea me tu atu ki te taipana nui me ngā kawenga ā-pūkaha mai i te hanganga rotor.
3. Ka piki haere te tere o te wāhanga pouaka taputapu
I roto i te pouaka miihini, ka whāngaihia te hurihanga mai i te pou puhoi ki roto i ētahi wāhanga taputapu. I te wāhanga aorangi, ka mahi tahi te taputapu rā, te taputapu aorangi, me te taputapu mowhiti hei whakanui ake i te tere. Kātahi, ka whakanuia e te wāhanga porowhita te tere hurihanga kia tae rā anō ki te tere whainga.
He āta haere te pikinga o te tere nā te mea:
– Ka whakaiti i te ahotea nui me te kumekume i runga i te takirua taputapu.
- Te whakanui ake i te pono me te roa o te ratonga.
– Ka māmā ake te hoahoa kia iti ake.
4. Pūkaha Puku Tere
I muri i te whitinga i ngā wāhanga taputapu, ka tere te hurihuri o te rakau i te tere nui ake, ka akiaki i te hurihanga o te pūkaha hiko. Kātahi ka hurihia e te pūkaha hiko te pūngao miihini ki te pūngao hiko mā te whakaawe hikohiko.
5. Ka Pupuri te Pūnaha Whakahaere i te Mahi Pūmau
Ahakoa he mīhini te pouaka miihini, e hono ana tana mahi ki te pūnaha whakahaere o te tāpine. Mā te whakahaere i te piko (te whakarerekē i te koki o te mata) me te whakahaere i te yaw (te anga atu ki te tāpine ki te hau) ka āwhina i te pupuri i te tere hurihuri i roto i te awhe haumaru, ka ārai i te pouaka miihini me te whakaputa hiko kei mahi i tua atu i ō rātou rohe.
He aha te kore ai e whakamahia ngā pouaka taputapu e ngā tāhū hau katoa?
Ka whakamahia e ētahi tāpine hou he hoahoa taraiwa-tika (kāore he pouaka miihini). I roto i tēnei hoahoa, ka hono tika te rotor ki tētahi kaihanga hiko nui te whānui ka taea te mahi i te rpm iti. He painga tēnei ki te whakaiti i ngā wāhanga miihini e ngāwari ana te pakaru, ā, ka māmā ake te tiaki. Heoi, ko te taraiwa-tika me whai kaihanga hiko nui ake me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi aukume tuturu utu nui, me te taumaha nacelle teitei ake.
Nō reira, ko te kōwhiringa o te whakamahi i te pouaka miihini, te taraiwa-tika rānei, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakaaro hoahoa: te utu, te tiaki, te taumaha, te whai huatanga, me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere.
Ngā Wero me te Tiaki o te Pouaka Taputapu
Ko te pouaka miihini tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino uaua o te tāhū hau nā te mea:
– Te pāngia e ngā rerekētanga o ngā kawenga nā te hau.
– Te mahi mō te wā roa i roto i ngā taiao tino kino (makuku, makariri, tote i ngā takutai moana).
– He tairongo ki te hinu whakahinuhinu me te poke.
Nō reira, ko ngā mahi tiaki nui ko:
– Te tirotiro i te kounga o te hinu (te matotoru, te poke o te konganuku, te nui o te wai).
– Te aroturuki i te wiri hei kite i te kakahu o te taputapu/peera.
– Whakahaerehia te pāmahana kia kore ai e wera rawa.
– Whakakapia ngā tātari me te hinu i ia wā, i ia wā, e ai ki ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga.
Whakamutunga
He mahi nui tā te pouaka hiko i roto i te tāwhana hau, e hono ana i te rotor puhoi, taipana teitei ki te kaihanga hiko e tere haere ana te hurihuri. Mā te whakanui ake i te tere hurihuri, te whakarerekē i te taipana, me te whakau i te tuku hiko, ka taea e te pouaka hiko te whakaputa hiko me te whai hua. Ko tana mahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā wāhanga taputapu maha - he maha ngā wā he huinga o te aorangi me te porowhita - ā, e tautokona ana e ngā pūnaha whakahinuhinu me te aroturuki āhua. Ahakoa kei reira ngā huarahi kē atu hei taraiwa tika, kei te whakamahia whānuitia tonu ngā pouaka hiko nā te mea he pai te taurite i waenga i te rahi o te kaihanga hiko, te utu, me te mahi.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te tāpiri i tētahi wāhanga whakaahua māmā (te hoahoa rere pūngao mai i te rotor → te pouaka miihini → te whakaputa hiko) me te tāpiri rānei i ngā tauira o ngā ōwehenga pouaka miihini i runga i tētahi tāpine motuhake kia pai ake ai te hangarau o te tuhinga.
