Te Mahi me te Hoahoa o ngā Mata Tāpoi Hau Whai Hua
Ko ngā tāwhana hau tētahi o ngā hangarau pūngao hou e tere tipu haere ana i te ao. Kei muri i ngā pourewa teitei me ngā kaihanga hiko āhua uaua kei reira tētahi wāhanga e tino hira ana ki te mahi: ko ngā mata o te tāwhana hau. Ka hopukina e ngā mata te pūngao nekeneke o te hau ka hurihia hei pūngao miihini i roto i te āhua o te hurihanga rotor, ka hurihia hei hiko e te kaihanga hiko. Nā te mea ka taunekeneke tika ngā mata ki te hau, ka pā nui te hoahoa ki te whai huatanga, te putanga hiko, te haruru, te pakari o te hanganga, tae atu ki ngā utu whakahaere. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te mahi a ngā mata o te tāwhana hau me ngā mātāpono o te hoahoa mata whai hua mai i ngā tirohanga aerodynamic, hanganga, rauemi, me te whakahaere.
Ngā Mahi Matua o ngā Mata o te Pūrere Hau
He māmā noa iho, ko ngā mata o te tāhū hau he "parirau" hurihuri. Ina rere te hau i tua atu i te kōtaha o te mata (te hauhautanga), ka puta he ara hiki, he mea nui ake i te tō. Ka puta he taipana i runga i te pūtake hurihuri nā tēnei ara hiki, ka huri te hurihuri. Ko te kaha ake o te whakaputa taipana a ngā mata i ngā tere hau rerekē, ko te nui ake o te pūngao ka taea te tango.
Engari ehara i te mea ko te huri noa i te rotor tā rātou mahi. Ka pā anō hoki ngā mata ki:
1. Ngā āhuatanga o te mana o te tāhū: te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tere o te hau me te mana i whakaputaina.
2. Te pumau me te whakahaere: ko ngā mata o ēnei rā he pūnaha piko (e hurihuri ana i te koki o te mata) hei whakahaere i te kawenga me te mana.
3. Te pono mō te wā roa: me tu atu ngā mata i ngā huringa kawenga maha, te aueue, te ua, te puehu, te tote (mō te takutai moana), me te uira pea.
4. Haruru me te pānga ki te taiao: ka pā te hoahoa o te pito o te mata ki te haruru ā-rangi.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Āhuarangi: Te Hiki, te Tōia, me te Whai Hua
He hononga tata te pai o te mata ki te ōwehenga hiki-ki-tō (L/D). Ka puta i te haupapa pai te hiki teitei me te iti o te tō i runga i ngā koki whakaeke e tika ana. I te wā e mahi ana, kua hangaia ngā mata kia "piri" te rere o te hau (kaua e whakaroa) i raro i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga mahi, nā te mea ka whakaitihia te hiki e te whakaroa, ā, ka nui ake te tō.
Ko te rohe ariā o te tango pūngao hau e mōhiotia ana ko te rohe Betz, e kore e taea e te tāpine pai te hipa i te 59,3% o te pūngao nekeneke o te hau. Ko te hoahoa mata whai hua e whai ana ki te whakatata atu ki tēnei rohe mā te whakaiti i ngā mate aerodynamic me te miihini me te pupuri i te mahi tino pai i ngā tere hau rerekē.
Ngā Tawhā Matua o te Hoahoa Mata
1. Te Roa o te Mata me te Horahanga Horoi
Ko te kaha ka taea e te tāpine te hopu he rite ki te horahanga o te rotor, arā, πR² (R = te radius o te rotor). Nō reira, mā te whakaroa i ngā mata ka piki ake te pūmanawa kaha. Heoi, mā ngā mata roa ka piki ake hoki ngā kawenga piko, te papatipu, ngā whakaritenga rauemi, me ngā wero kawe me te tāutanga. Me whakataurite e ngā kaihoahoa ngā whiwhinga kaha me ngā utu hanganga me ngā utu whakahaere.
2. Kōtaha Airfoil (Āhua Whakawhiti-Wāhanga)
He rerekē te pepa hau o ia wāhanga o te mata. Ko te wāhanga e tata ana ki te pūtake he matotoru ake mō te kaha hanganga, ko ngā wāhanga o waho he angiangi ake mō te pai o te rere o te hau. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia ngā pepa hau o ēnei rā kia aro atu ki te taratara o te mata (nā te paru, ngā pepeke rānei) ā, ka mau tonu te whai huatanga ki ngā tau Reynolds rerekē puta noa i te roa o te mata.
3. Te Tohatoha Miro i te taha o te Mata
Ka piki ake te tere hau whanaunga e "rongoa" ana e te mata mai i te pūtake ki te pito nā te mea ka piki ake te wāhanga tere hurihuri. Hei pupuri i te koki whakaeke pai rawa atu i ia radius, ka hurihia te mata: he nui ake te koki pitch āhuahanga o te wāhanga e tata ana ki te pūtake, engari he iti ake te koki o te wāhanga e tata ana ki te pito. Mā te huri tika ka āwhina i te mata katoa kia tata atu ki tōna āhua aerodynamic pai rawa atu, ka whakanui ake i te taipana me te whakaiti i te tū.
4. Te Tohatoha o te Aho (Whānui o te Pae)
Ko te aho te whānui o te wāhanga whakawhiti o te mata. I te nuinga o te wā, he nui ake te aho tata ki te pūtake hei whakarato i te horahanga wāhanga e ranea ana mō te hanganga me te aerodynamics i ngā tere whanaunga iti ake. Ki te anga atu ki te pito, ka whaiti te aho hei whakaiti i te ngaronga tō me te pito. Mā te tohatoha tika o te aho ka whakarite kia tohatohahia te kawenga whai hua me te pakari i te taha o te mata.
5. Te Tauwehenga Tere o te Mata (TSR)
Ko te ōwehenga Tere o te Tip ko te ōwehenga o te tere o te pito o te mata ki te tere o te hau. Ka pā te TSR ki te pai o te mahi me te haruru. Ka taea e te TSR teitei te whakapai ake i te pai o te aerodynamic, engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te haruru me ngā kawenga hihiri. Ko ngā tāpine hou e mahi ana i te nuinga o te wā i te TSR tino pai, ā, kua hangaia ngā mata kia eke ki te tauwehenga mana tihi (Cp) i taua TSR.
Rautaki Whakahaere me te Whakahaere Papa
Ko ngā mata o ngā tāpine hou he mana whakahaere i te piko, arā, te kaha ki te whakarerekē i te koki o te mata e pā ana ki te hau. He mea whai hua te mana whakahaere i te piko mō:
– Te whakanui ake i te mana i ngā hau ngawari: ko te whāinga o ngā mata he whakaputa i te hiki teitei rawa me te kore e whakaroa.
– Te whakawhāiti i te mana i ngā hau kaha: i muri i te taenga ki te mana noa, ka whakarerekētia te teitei o te oro hei "mou" i ētahi o te kaha, hei ārai hoki i te taumaha rawa.
– Haumaru: i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā mata ki te tūranga huruhuru (tata rite ki te hau) hei aukati i te huripokitia.
Ki te kore he mana whakahaere tika, ka kore pea he haumaru, he kore pumau rānei te hoahoa o te mata e whai hua ana i tētahi āhuatanga i tētahi atu āhuatanga. Nō reira, e hono tonu ana te hoahoa ā-hauora ki te pūnaha whakahaere.
Ngā Whakaaro Hanganga: Kaha engari Māmā
Me māmā ngā mata kia ngāwari ai te huri, kia iti ai hoki te taumahatanga ki ngā whāriki me te pouaka miihini (mēnā kei roto), engari me tino kaha hoki. Ko ngā kawenga matua ko:
– Te kawenga piko taha-taha (poutū ki te papa hurihuri) nā te pēhanga o te hau.
– Ngā kawenga taha (i te papa hurihuri) nā te kaha ā-papa me te taipana.
– Ngā kawenga ngenge nā ngā huringa mahi maha i roto i ngā tekau tau.
Ko te hoahoa hanganga o te mata he tikanga kei roto ko ngā kurupae matua, ngā tukutuku kutikuti, me ngā anga. Ka whakapakaritia te wāhanga pakiaka hei whakawhiti i te kawenga ki te pokapū. Ko te wero nui ko te whakahaere i te piko o te pito o te mata hei ārai i te pānga o te pourewa, inā koa i ngā tāpine nui.
Rauemi Mata: Whakakotahi hei Paerewa
Ko te nuinga o ngā mata o ngā mīhini hau he mea hanga mai i ngā rauemi hiato pēnei i:
– Karāhe muka (GFRP): he mea noa nā te mea he iti te utu, he tino kaha hoki.
– Muka waro (CFRP): he mama ake, he pakari ake, he pai mō ngā mata roa rawa, engari he nui ake te utu.
– He kapia epoxy, he kapia polyester rānei hei anga matua, me te uho pērā i te balsa, te pahuka rānei hei whakanui i te pakari me te kore e tāpiri i te matotoru.
Ka pā te kōwhiringa rauemi ki te mahi me ngā utu mō te wā katoa. Ka taea e ngā mata mama ake te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te taumaha, engari ka nui ake pea ngā utu tīmatanga. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te hangarua o ngā mata hiato, e ārahi ana ki te auaha tonu i ngā rauemi me ngā tikanga hangarua.
Hoahoa hei Whakaiti i te Haruru
Ko te haruru o te tāhū hau i ahu mai i ngā pito o te mata me te rere o te hau. Ko ngā rautaki hoahoa hei whakaiti i te haruru ko:
– He tapa tōmuri koikoi hei wāwāhi i ngā awhiowhio nui kia iti.
– He āhua motuhake o ngā pito pēnei i ngā pito kua whitia, ngā parirau iti rānei hei whakaiti i te ngaronga o ngā pito me te whakaiti i te haruru.
– Kia maeneene te mata me te taha mua o te wai hei ārai i te tere o te pakaru, kia pumau tonu ai te rere.
He mea nui te whakaiti i te haruru kia manakohia ai te hapori, inā koa mō ngā tāpine uta e tata ana ki ngā wāhi noho.
Te Ātete Mata me te Horo o te Tapa Matua
Ko tētahi raruraru nui o te mahi ko te memeha o te taha mua nā te ua, te puehu, te tote rānei. Ka whakanuia e te memeha te taratara o te mata, ka whakaitihia te L/D, ā, ka mutu, ka whakaitihia te whakaputanga pūngao. Nō reira, me:
– He paninga ātete ki te horo,
– I hangaia kia māmā ai te tirotiro me te whakatika,
– Whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi (te āhuarangi, te kaha o te ua, te onepu).
Whakaurunga Hoahoa: Pūngao me te Whai Huatanga Ōhanga
Kāore e taea e te hoahoa mata te whai noa i te whai huatanga o te hauātea mōrahi. Ko te whāinga a te umanga ko te Utu Pūngao Taumata iti rawa (LCOE). Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te mata whai hua ko tētahi e whakaputa ana i te pūngao nui rawa atu i roto i tōna oranga katoa, me te whakahaere i ngā utu hanga, tāutanga, tiaki, me te rahunga. Ko te arotautanga hou e whakamahi ana i ngā whakatauira aeroelastic (he huinga o te hauātea me te ngāwari hanganga), te whakamātautau kauhanga hau, me te tātari i ngā raraunga mahi mara.
Te Katinga
He wāhanga matua ngā mata o te tāpine hau hei huri i te pūngao hau hei hiko. Ehara i te mea ko te hopu hau anake tā rātou mahi, engari ko te whakarite hoki kia pumau, kia haumaru, kia roa, kia ōhanga hoki te mahi a te tāpine. Ka whakakotahi te hoahoa mata whai hua i te arotautanga o te aerodynamics (te hau, te takai, te aho, te hoahoa pito), ngā pūnaha whakahaere (te piki me te rautaki whakahaere), ngā whakaaro hanganga (te kaha me te ngenge), te kōwhiringa rauemi hiato, me ngā āhuatanga ātete haruru me te mata. I te whanaketanga o te hoahoa me te hangarau rauemi, ka whanake tonu ngā mata o te tāpine hau kia roa ake, kia mātau ake, kia whai hua ake—e whakatairanga ana i te pūngao hau hei pou nui o te whakawhiti ki tētahi pūnaha pūngao ma, pumau hoki.
