Te Whakamahinga o ngā Kēti Whakahaere Rere hei Whakahaere i te Rere o te Wai ki ngā Tāpine
I roto i te pūnaha hiko wai (PLTA), ko te wai te "wahie" matua e akiaki ana i te tāpine hei whakaputa hiko. Heoi, kāore e taea te tuku i te wai kia rere kore whakahaere ki roto i te tāpine. Ki te nui rawa te tere rere ka taea te hanga i te ahotea miihini nui rawa atu, ā, ka kino pea ngā taputapu, engari ki te iti rawa te tere rere ka kore e mahi pai te tāpine, ka whakaiti i te putanga hiko. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai te kuaha whakahaere rere, hei wāhanga e whakahaere ana i te rere o te wai ki te tāpine me te haumaru, te pumau, me te rite ki ngā whakaritenga whakahaere o te tipu.
Ariā Taketake o ngā Kūaha Whakahaere Rere
He taputapu miihini te kēti whakahaere rere e whakatuwhera ana, e kati ana, e whakahaere ana rānei i te rere o te wai ki roto i te tāpine hei whakahaere i te rere me te pēhanga e tomo ana ki te tāpine. I roto i te horopaki o ngā tipu hiko wai, ko ēnei kēti kei te puna whakauru, te pene, i mua rānei i te tāpine. Ka taea te whakahaere ā-ringa i ngā kēti, hiko, waipēhi, whakakotahi rānei, i runga i te rahi o te tipu me te taumata aunoatanga e hiahiatia ana.
He māmā noa iho te kaupapa: ko te nui ake o te whakatuwheratanga o te kēti, ko te nui ake o te tere rere o te wai. Heoi, i roto i te mahi, kāore te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whakatuwheratanga o te kēti me te tere rere e rite tonu ana ki te rārangi, nā te mea ka pāngia e te taumata wai (te upoko), te ngaronga pūngao nā te waku, te aueue, me ngā āhuatanga o te awaawa. Nō reira, me āta tatau te hoahoa me te whakahaere i ngā kēti whakahaere rere me ngā whakaaro haumaru.
Ngā Mahi Matua i roto i te Whakahaere Rere ki te Tīpuna
He maha ngā mahi matua a te kuaha whakahaere rere hei whakahaere i te rere o te wai ki te tāpine:
1. Whakatikatikahia te tukunga kia rite ki te kawenga hiko
Ka rerekē te hiahia hiko o te whatunga hiko. I te pikinga ake o te kawenga, me nui ake te rere o te tāpine hei whakanui ake i tōna mana whakaputa. Ka āwhina ngā kuaha whakahaere rere ki te whakarerekē i te tere rere kia puta ai te hiko i runga i ngā hiahia o te pūnaha.
2. Te pupuri i te pumau o ngā mahi tāpine
Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga o te rere te whakaputa i te wiri, te pakaru, me te heke o te pai o te mahi. Mā te whakahaere tika i te kuaha, ka pumau ake te rere, ka whakahaeretia ake te pēhanga, ā, ka maeneene ake te mahi a te tāpine.
3. Whakaitihia te mōrearea o te kino i ngā āhuatanga rerekē
I ngā āhuatanga ohorere pēnei i te pakaru o te whatunga hiko, te pakaru o ngā tāpine hiko, te waipuke nui rānei, ka taea te kati i ngā kēti hei aukati i te rere o te wai me te tiaki i ngā taputapu. Me whai whakaaro tēnei kati ki te āhuatanga o te hama wai i puta mai i ngā huringa ohorere o te tere o te rere.
4. Whakahaerehia te tiaki me te tirotiro
Ina hiahiatia te tirotiro i te tāpine, te pene rānei, ka taea e te tatau whakahaere rere te aukati i te rere kia noho haumaru, kia maroke hoki te wāhi mahi. He mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā mahi whakahou, whakakapinga wāhanga me te horoi.
Ngā Momo Tatau Whakahaere Rere e Whakamahia Ana
He maha ngā hoahoa o ngā kēti whakahaere rere i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko wai, he rerekē ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia mea:
1. Kūaha reti (kūaha para)
Ka neke ake, ka neke iho tēnei tatau hei whakahaere i te whakatuwheratanga. He mea whakamahi noa i ngā awa tuwhera me ngā pūwero whakauru. Ko tōna painga ko tōna hanganga ngāwari, engari me whai pūnaha taraiwa pakari i ngā pēhanga teitei.
2. Kūaha porowhita (kūaha porowhita/kūaha ārai)
He mata piko tō rātou, ā, ka taea e rātou te tu atu ki te pēhanga wai nui me te iti ake o te kaha whakahaere i ngā kēti papatahi. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tāhuna, i ngā awa waipuke, me ngā hanganga whakauru wai.
3. Takirere pūrerehua me te takirere porowhita
I roto i ngā pene pēhanga teitei, ko ngā takirere te mea e pai ana te whiriwhiri nā te mea ka tere te kati me te piri. He pai ngā takirere pūrerehua mō ngā diameter nui me ngā pane waenga, ko ngā takirere porowhita ia e whakamahia ana mō ngā pane teitei nā te mea he pai ake te hiri me te ātete ki te pēhanga.
4. Te keti wīkete (te arataki vane) i runga i te tāpine
I roto i ngā tāwhana tauhohenga pērā i a Francis me Kaplan, ka tutukihia te whakahaere rere pai ake mā roto i ngā kēti wicket, e tuwhera ana, e kati ana i runga i ngā whakahau a te kawana. Ahakoa ehara i te "kēti" i te tomokanga, ko ēnei wāhanga ngā kaiwhakahaere rere matua i mua tata i te kaiwhakahaere tāwhana.
I roto i te maha o ngā whakaurunga, ka whakawhirinaki ngā pūnaha whakahaere rere ki ngā kēti neke atu i te kotahi. Hei tauira, tera pea he kēti whakauru mō te wehe i te tipu hiko wai, he takirere matua kei te pene mō te haumaru, me te kēti wicket kei te tāpine mō te mahi o ia rā.
Te Whakaurunga ki te Pūnaha Whakahaere Turbine me te Kawana
Ko ngā kēti whakahaere rere hou he mea whakauru ki tētahi pūnaha whakahaere aunoa. Ka whiwhi te kaiārahi tāpine i ngā tohu mai i ngā pūoko mō te tere, te auau whatunga, te mana putanga, me te tūranga o te mata/kēti. I runga i ēnei raraunga, ka whakahaere te kaiārahi i te whakatuwheratanga o te kēti wicket, o te takirere rānei, kia mau tonu ai te tere hurihuri tāpine pumau i te uara kua whakatauria.
Ina heke ohorere te kawenga, hei tauira nā te pakaru o te whatunga, ka tere rawa te tāpine. Ka tohutohu te kawana i te kuaha whakahaere rere kia kati ā-wāhanga hei whakaiti i te rere. Heoi, ki te kati wawe rawa, ka tūpono te hama wai, he ngaru pēhanga ka kino pea te pene, ngā hononga, te whare tāpine rānei. Nō reira, ko ngā pūnaha whakahaere he tikanga hei whakawhāiti i te tere kati, ā, he mea whakauru ki ngā ārai pēnei i ngā tāke ngaru, i ngā takirere whakaora rānei.
Ngā Whakaaro Hoahoa: Te Haumaru, te Whai Hua, me te Pono
I te hoahoa i tētahi tatau whakahaere rere, me whai whakaaro ki ētahi āhuatanga nui:
1. Te kaha tuku me te pane mahi
Me āhei ngā tatau ki te mahi i te taumata teitei rawa o te tukunga me te pēhanga i hangaia. Mēnā he te kōwhiringa momo tatau, ka taea e ia te arahi ki te turuturu, te whakarerekētanga āhua, te pakaru rānei o te hanganga.
2. Ārai wai (hiri) me ngā turuturu
Ahakoa he iti noa ngā turuturu e whakaaetia ana i raro i ētahi āhuatanga, me tino piri te taumata o te pūmautanga hei wehe i te tāpine i te wā tiaki. Ko te whiriwhiri i te rauemi hiri me te kounga o te mata pa he mea nui.
3. Ātete ki te pirau me te waikura
Ka ngāwari te pakaru o ngā wāhi he tere teitei, he iti hoki te pēhanga. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te kounga o te wai (te paru, te nui o ngā matū) te whakatere i te waikura. Ka taea e ngā rauemi tika me ngā paninga tiaki te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te tatau.
4. Pūnaha taraiwa me ngā rauemi
Ka taea te whakahaere i ngā tatau mā ngā motuka hiko, ngā pūnaha waipēhi, mā te ringa rānei. I roto i ngā whakaurunga nui, ka whiriwhiria ngā pūnaha waipēhi nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakaputa kaha nui. Heoi, me whai pūtake hiko tārua (pēnei i te kaiwhakaemi hiko) kia mau tonu ai te mahi a te tatau i te wā e motu ana te hiko.
5. Te pono me te auautanga
Nā te mea he wāhanga haumaru ngā tatau whakahaere rere, he maha ngā whare e whakamahi ana i ngā pūoko, ngā mana whakahaere, me ngā tikanga raka kāore e hiahiatia. He mea nui ngā tirotiro me ngā whakamātautau mahi i ia wā.
Te Whakahaere me te Tiaki: Te Kī ki te Roa o te Ora
Ko te mahi a ngā kēti whakahaere rere ehara i te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hoahoa anake engari ki te mahi me te tiaki tonu. Ka taea e te paru, te paru, me te poke koiora te aukati i te nekehanga o te tatau, te kino rānei i ngā hiri. Ko te whakahinuhinu i ngā tikanga, ngā tirotiro pūtu me te hanganga, ngā whakamātautau whakatuwhera-kati, me te whakatikatika i te pūnaha whakahaere me whai tiaki kua whakaritea i ia wā.
Hei tāpiritanga, me mārama ngā kaiwhakahaere ki ngā tikanga whakatuwheratanga me te kati āta haere hei ārai i ngā pikinga pēhanga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga o mua—pērā i ngā au o te pēhanga penstock, te wiri o te tāpine, me ngā huringa o te tere whakatuwheratanga—ka āwhina i te arotau i ngā rautaki whakahaere rere.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā kēti whakahaere rere ki te whakahaere i te rere o te wai ki te tāpine. Ehara i te mea ko te whakatuwhera me te kati noa i te rere anake tā rātou mahi; ka pupuri hoki i te pumau o te mahi, ka whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputanga, ka tautoko i te haumaru o te pūnaha, ā, ka whakangawari i te tiaki. Mā te whiriwhiri tika i te kēti, te whakaurunga kaha o te mana whakahaere, me te whakahaere me te tiaki tika, ka taea e ngā kēti whakahaere rere te whakarite i te mahi pai o te tāpine me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu hiko wai.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakahaere angitu i te rere o te wai ki te tāpine he whakakotahitanga o te hangarau waipēhi, te hoahoa miihini pono, me te pūnaha whakahaere arotau. Ko te keti whakahaere rere he wāhanga matua e hono ana i ēnei āhuatanga katoa, e āhei ai te huri haumaru me te whai hua o te pūngao wai ki te hiko.
