Hangarau Hou i roto i te Hanga Kirihou me ōna Momo
Kua noho te kirihou hei wāhanga nui o te ao hou, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā momo mahi, mai i te takai ki ngā wāhanga ahumahi. I te huringa o te wā, kua tino auaha te hangarau hanga kirihou. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā hangarau hou o te hanga kirihou me ngā momo kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā momo ahumahi.
Hangarau Hou i roto i te Hanga Kirihou
1. Hangarau Tā 3D (Hanganga Tāpiri)
Ko te tānga 3D, arā, te hanga tāpiri, tētahi o ngā hangarau matua i roto i te hanga kirihou. Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te hanga hua mā te tāpiri rauemi papatahi ki te papatahi i runga i te hoahoa mamati. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te para tēnei tikanga engari ka taea hoki te hanga tauira tere me te hanga iti me te ngāwari teitei.
Te Hiranga:
– Te hanga tauira tere
– Te hanga ritenga me te whakawhaiaro
– Whakaitihia te para rauemi
Taupānga:
– Hauora (ngā āwhina hauora, ngā taputapu hanga-ā-ringa)
– Ngā waka (ngā wāhanga motuhake)
– Kaihoko (taonga tākaro, whakapaipai)
2. Hangarau Kirihou Koiora
I whakawhanakehia ngā kirihou koiora hei huarahi pai mō te taiao hei whakakapi i ngā kirihou e ahu mai ana i te hinu. Ka hangaia ngā kirihou koiora mai i ngā rauemi mata rauropi pērā i te māngaro kānga, te tō, me ngā hinu huawhenua. Ko ngā auahatanga i roto i ngā kirihou koiora ko ngā rauemi he kaha ake, he roa ake te mau, ā, he pirau ake.
Te Hiranga:
- He pai mō te taiao
– He mea whakahou
– Ka pirau, ka taea hoki te whakawairakau
Taupānga:
– Ngā takai kai
– Ngā taputapu tēpu whakakorekore
– Ngā rauemi kakahu
3. Te Hangarua me te Whakahou Kirihou
Nā te mōhiotanga ki te taiao kua ārahi ngā kairangahau me ngā umanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau hangarua kirihou whai hua ake. Ka wawahia e te hangarua tuku iho te kirihou kia rite ki ngā monomer kia taea ai te whakamahi anō hei rauemi mata. Ko te hangarua-ake te tukanga e whakamahia ai te kirihou hangarua hei hanga hua utu nui.
Te Hiranga:
– Whakaitihia ngā para kirihou
– Whakaorangia ngā rauemi taiao
– Tāpiri uara ōhanga
Taupānga:
– Ahumahi ahua (pēke, hu i hangaia ki te kirihou hangarua)
– Ngā rauemi hanga (ngā pereki i hangaia mai i te kirihou hangarua)
– Ngā taonga whare
4. Maimoatanga Plasma
Ko te maimoatanga plasma he hangarau hou e whakamahia ana hei whakarerekē i ngā mata kirihou kia pakari ake ai, hei whakarei ake rānei i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, pērā i te ātete wai (te ātete wai) te piri nui rānei. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tukanga te plasma, he hau kei roto ngā matūriki utu, hei whakarerekē i te mata kirihou me te kore e whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga taketake o te rauemi.
Te Hiranga:
– Whakanuia te manawanui
– Whakanuia te kaha piri
– Tāpirihia ngā āhuatanga mahi hou
Taupānga:
– Ngā motuka (ngā rama, te papaaho)
– Ngā taputapu hiko (pouaka)
– Hanganga (ngā rauemi ātete ki te huarere)
Ngā momo kirihou
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Ko te polyethylene tētahi o ngā momo kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te ao. E rua ngā momo matua o te polyethylene: te Polyethylene Matotoru-Iti (LDPE) me te Polyethylene Matotoru-Tiketike (HDPE).
Te Hiranga:
– Ngāwari, kaha hoki (LDPE)
– Ātete ki ngā matū (HDPE)
– He ōhanga
Taupānga:
– Ngā takai kirihou (pēke hokohoko, takai kai)
– Ngā paipa me ngā taputapu whare (HDPE)
2. Polypropylene (PP)
E mōhiotia ana te polypropylene mō tōna ngāwari, tōna kaha ā-mīhini, me tōna ātete ki ngā pāmahana tiketike. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei rauemi i roto i ngā momo ahumahi nā tōna maha o ngā whakamahinga.
Te Hiranga:
- Ātete wera
– He pakari, he ngāwari hoki
– Ātete ki ngā matū
Taupānga:
– Ngā takai (ngā ipu kai, ngā pounamu)
– Ngā kakahu (whāriki, papanga)
– Ngā motuka (ngā wāhanga miihini)
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
He kirihou mārō, he pakari hoki te PVC, ahakoa ka taea hoki te whakangawari ake mā te tāpiri i ngā mea whakapūmau kirihou. He ātete ki te rā, te wai, me ngā momo matū, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te PVC i roto i te umanga hanga.
Te Hiranga:
– He pakari, he pakari hoki
- Ārai wai
– He ōhanga
Taupānga:
– Ngā paipa me ngā taputapu
– Papa winiru
– Ngā waea me ngā taura
4. Porotireini (PS)
E rua ngā āhua matua o te Polystyrene: te Polystyrene Whakawhanui (EPS) me te Polystyrene Pānga Teitei (HIPS). He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te EPS hei whakamarumaru me te takai, engari he kaha ake te HIPS me te ātete ki te pānga.
Te Hiranga:
- Mārama
– He pai te ārai wera me te ārai haruru
– Te utu iti
Taupānga:
– Te whakamarumaru whare (EPS)
– Tākai hiko (EPS)
– Ngā taputapu kaihoko (HIPS)
5. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
He kirihou te PET e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā takai kai me ngā inu. Haunga tōna kaha me tōna ātete ki ngā matū, he tino mārama hoki te PET.
Te Hiranga:
- Pakari
– Ātete ki ngā matū
– Mārama
Taupānga:
– Ngā pounamu inu
– Ngā ipu kai
– Kakahu hangai (polyester)
6. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
He kirihou ABS e mōhiotia ana mō tōna ātete tino kaha ki ngā pānga, tōna kaha hanganga, me tōna maeneene. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei rauemi i roto i te hanga taonga e hiahia ana kia roa te mau.
Te Hiranga:
– He pakari, he roa hoki
– Ātete pānga
– He tukanga hanga ngāwari
Taupānga:
– Ngā Taonga Tākaro (Lego)
– Ngā taputapu hikohiko (kia maumahara ki ngā pouaka rorohiko)
– Motoka (papaaho, wāhanga o waho)
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā auahatanga i roto i te hangarau hanga kirihou me te whanaketanga o ngā momo kirihou e whakaatu ana i te haere tonu o te panonitanga o tēnei mara hei whakatutuki i ngā wero me ngā hiahia o te ao hou. Mai i te whakamahinga o te tānga 3D, e āhei ai te hanga tere, ritenga, ki ngā kirihou koiora e pai ana ki te taiao, kei te haere tonu te hangarau ki te whakarato i ngā otinga auaha. Kei te haere tonu te whanaketanga o ngā momo kirihou pēnei i te polyethylene, te polypropylene, me te PET i runga i ō rātou tono me ngā painga. Me te haere tonu o ngā whanaketanga, ko te heke mai o te hanga kirihou e oati ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi whai hua, pakari, me te pai ki te taiao.
