Ngā Tikanga Whakapūtanga Kōpeketanga mō te Hanga Kirihou me ngā Momo Kirihou e Tika ana
I roto i te umanga hanga kirihou, ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga hanga he mea nui hei whakatau i te kounga o te hua, te whai huatanga o te utu, me te momo rauemi e whakamahia ana. Ko tētahi tikanga tawhito e whai tikanga tonu ana i ēnei rā ko te hanga kōpeketanga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei tikanga hei whakaputa i ngā wāhanga kirihou kaha, pumau e tika ana mō ngā mahi whakaputa waenga ki te nui—ina koa mō ētahi rauemi pēnei i ngā kirihou thermoset me ētahi kirihou thermoplastic motuhake.
E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga te whakamāramatanga, ngā mātāpono mahi, ngā wāhanga tukanga, ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga, ngā tono, me ngā momo kirihou e tino pai ana mō ngā tikanga hanga pēhi.
He aha te Whakakorikori Kōpeketanga?
Ko te whakapūtanga kōpeketanga te tukanga hanga kirihou mā te whakanoho i te rauemi (he rite ki te puka mua, te paura, te rau rānei) ki roto i te kōhao o te pokepokea ai, kātahi ka pēhi i te rauemi mā te whakamahi i te pereti pēhanga (kei te tihi o te pokepokea ai te nuinga) me te whakamahi i te wera. Mā te pēhanga me te wera ka rere te rauemi ki roto i te pokepokea ai, kātahi ka pā ki te tukanga whakapakeketanga, whakapakeketanga rānei kia puta rā anō he hua kua oti.
He maha ngā wā ka whakaritea tēnei tikanga ki te whakahāngai werohanga, engari he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ngā mea e rua. Ahakoa ka rere te whakahāngai werohanga i te kirihou rewa mā roto i te pūwero ki roto i te pokepoke, ka pēhia tika te rauemi e te whakahāngai kōpeketanga ki roto i te pokepoke.
Ngā Mātāpono Mahi me ngā Wāhanga Tukanga
I te nuinga o te wā, ka whai i ngā wāhanga matua e whai ake nei te hanga pehanga pēhanga:
1. Te whakarite rauemi
Ka whakaritea ngā rauemi kirihou kia rite ki te āhua e hiahiatia ana, pēnei i:
– Paura
– Ngā kirikiri, ngā pire rānei
– Te āhua o mua (te āhua tuatahi pērā i te "papa" te "pūkete" rānei)
– Ngā rau (mō ētahi kirihou wera, ngā mea honohono rānei)
2. Te whakamahana pokepokea ai
Ka whakamahanahia te pokepokea ai ki tētahi pāmahana tukatuka motuhake. I roto i ngā huinga wera, ka āwhina te wera ki te tīmata i te tauhohenga whakamaroke (whakapakari matū). I roto i ngā kirihou wera, ka āwhina te wera ki te whakangawari i te rauemi kia rere ai.
3. Te whakatakotoranga o ngā rauemi ki roto i te pokepokea ai
Ka whakatakotoria te rauemi ki raro i te pokepokea ai, i waenganui tonu kia ōrite ai te rere ina pēhia.
4. Te pēhitanga
Ka kati te tihi o te pokepokea ai, ā, ka pēhia. Ka whakangawari te rauemi (ka tīmata rānei te tauhohe) ā, ka whakakī i te kōhao pokepokea ai.
5. Te whakapakeketanga/te whakamataotanga
– Mō ngā huinga wera, ka whakamarokehia kia mārō rawa te rauemi.
– Mō ngā kirihou wera, ka whakamataohia kia mārō anō ai te rauemi.
6. Te whakatuwheratanga o te pokepokea ai me te tukunga o te hua (te tango i te pokepokea ai)
Ka tangohia te hua, ā, ko te tikanga me mahi ētahi atu mahi pēnei i te tapahi i ngā rauemi taikaha (kutikuti tere), te whakamāeneene, te tirotiro rānei.
Ngā Painga o te Whakarewatanga Kōpeketanga
Ko ētahi o ngā take e rongonui tonu ai tēnei tikanga puta noa i ngā ahumahi:
1. He pai mō ngā huinga wera me ngā mea whakahiato
He pai ake te hanga o te nuinga o ngā rauemi thermoset (hei tauira, te phenolic, te melamine rānei) mā te whakakoi pēhanga i ētahi atu tukanga.
2. He kaha ā-mīhini pai
He mātotoru, he kaha, he pumau hoki ngā āhua o ngā hua whakarewa pēhanga, inā koa mō ngā wāhanga matotoru te pakitara.
3. He iti noa te para rauemi
Ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu tikanga, he nui ake te whai hua o te rauemi, ahakoa kei te tūpono tonu te uira i ngā taha o te tānga.
4. He iti ake te utu mō te whakakoi i te whakakoi werohanga.
I ētahi hoahoa, he māmā ake ngā pokepokea ai mō te pokepokea ai kōpeketanga i ngā pokepokea ai werohanga e hiahia ana ki ngā pūnaha oma me ngā pūnaha keti uaua.
5. He pai mō ngā hua rahi nui
Ka māmā ake te hanga i ngā wāhanga nunui, matotoru hoki mā tēnei tikanga.
Ngā Huakore o te Whakarewa Kōpeketanga
I tētahi atu taha, he iti noa ngā here hei whakaaroaro māu:
1. Ka roa ake te wā huringa
Ina koa mō ngā huinga werawera nā te mea me roa te wā e whakamaroke ai.
2. Kāore i te tino pai mō ngā taipitopito tino uaua
Mō ngā āhuahanga tino uaua, mō ngā pakitara tino angiangi rānei, he pai ake te hanga werohanga.
3. Te mōrearea o te mura me te hiahia kia whakaotihia
Ka taea e te pēhanga te puta o te rauemi i te āputa o te pokepokea ai, ka waiho he toenga angiangi (rama) me tapahi atu.
4. He uaua ake te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga o ētahi hoahoa
He maha ngā āhuatanga e pāngia ai te rere o ngā rauemi (te matotoru, te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te tūranga o te rauemi i roto i te pokepokea ai).
Ngā Momo Kirihou e Pai ana mō te Whakakikorua
He mea nui te whiriwhiri rauemi. Kāore e pai ana ngā kirihou katoa mō te tukatuka mā tēnei tikanga. Ko te tikanga whānui, ko ngā rauemi tino pai ko ngā kirihou wera me ētahi kirihou wera.
1. Kirihou Werohanga (Te Mea Tino Pai)
Ka whakapakeke tonu ngā kirihou whakamahana i muri i te whakamahanatanga me te tauhohenga matū (whakamaroke). Nā tēnei āhuatanga, kua rongonui te hanga pēhitanga.
Ngā tauira o ngā huinga wera e tika ana:
– Phenolic (Phenol-Formaldehyde / Bakelite)
He mea tino noa mō ngā wāhanga hiko nā tōna ātete ki te wera, te kaha, me ōna āhuatanga ārai. He mea whakamahi whānuitia mō ngā pana, ngā kakau taputapu, me ētahi wāhanga motuka.
– Meramina Formaldehyde (Meramina)
He ātete ki te wera, he mārō hoki te mata, ātete ki te rakuraku. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā taputapu me ngā wāhanga o te whare e hiahia ana kia roa te mau o te mata.
– Urea Formaldehyde (Urea)
He pai mō ētahi wāhanga hiko me ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te whakamarumaru me te utu iti, ahakoa kāore te ātete ki te huarere i te pai ki ētahi atu momo.
– Epoxy (ina koa i roto i te ahua o te hiato, te whakarewa rānei)
E whakamahia whānuitia ana hei ārai i ngā wāhanga hiko, ngā mea honohono, me ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana kia kaha me te piri pai.
– Polyester me te Vinyl Ester kāore i te mākū (he maha ngā wā i roto i ngā mea honohono)
He mea noa i roto i ngā tono whakakaha muka pērā i ngā panera, ngā wāhanga kawe, ngā hua rānei e hiahia ana ki te ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha teitei.
He maha hoki ngā rauemi whakamahana e wātea ana hei matū whakarewa pērā i te BMC (Bulk Molding Compound) me te SMC (Sheet Molding Compound)—he ranunga o te kapia whakamahana me te muka whakakaha (hei tauira, te muka karāhe) me te whakakī. He tino rongonui te SMC/BMC mō ngā panera motuka, ngā wāhanga hanganga mama, me ngā tono ahumahi.
2. Ngā kirihou wera ka taea te tukatuka mā te whakakoi pēhanga (i ētahi wā)
Ahakoa he maha ake te whakamahinga mō ngā huinga wera, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te whakahāngai kōpeketanga mō ngā kirihou wera, ina koa he māmā noa te hua, he matotoru rānei te āhua.
Ngā tauira o ngā kirihou wera ka taea te whakamahi:
– PE (Polyethylene), inā koa ko te HDPE
Ka taea te hanga me te aro nui ki ngā hua motuhake, hei tauira, ngā papa/pepa, ngā wāhanga māmā he nui ngā rahi, ngā tono rānei kāore e hiahia ki ngā taipitopito uaua.
– PP (Poroporoperene)
Ka taea te tukatuka mō ētahi hua, engari me whakahaere te pāmahana me te pēhanga kia ōrite ai te rere.
– PTFE (Teflon)
He maha ngā wā ka tukatukahia te PTFE mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga rite ki te whakapūtanga kōpeketanga (te pēhi matao, kātahi ka whakapūtanga) nā te mea he uaua ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakapūtanga werohanga tuku iho. He pai mō ngā hiri, ngā gasket, me ngā wāhanga ātete-matū.
– PVC (mō ngā hanganga motuhake anake)
Ka taea te tukatuka, engari me aro ki te pumau o te wera nā te mea he tairongo te PVC ki te pirau wera.
Heoi anō, me mārama: mō ngā kirihou wera e hiahia ana ki te rere me te taipitopito tino tika, he pai ake, he ōrite ake hoki te hanga werohanga.
Ngā Whakamahinga Hua o te Whakarewatanga Kōpeketanga
Anei ētahi tauira o ngā hua e hangaia pinepinetia ana mā te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga:
– Ngā wāhanga motuka: ngā panera, ngā whare, ētahi taupoki miihini, ngā wāhanga hiato SMC/BMC
– Ngā wāhanga hiko me ngā wāhanga hikohiko: ngā ārai, ngā pana, ngā poraka pūrua, te whakakākahu wāhanga
– Ngā taputapu o te whare: ngā kakau o te kohua, ngā poro, ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana kia ātete ki te wera
– Ngā hua ahumahi: ngā gaskets, ngā hiri, ngā wāhanga ātete matū (hei tauira, PTFE), ētahi wira iti
– Ngā hua hiato: ngā panera muka karāhe, ngā wāhanga hanganga, ngā pukupuku, me ngā wāhanga mama kaha teitei
Ngā Take Hiranga mō ngā Hua Whakapaipai Kōpeketanga Tino Pai
Hei whakatutuki i ngā hua kounga me te pumau, me whai i ētahi āhuatanga:
– Te pāmahana pokepokea ai: ki te iti rawa te pāmahana ka kore e rere/mātao pai te rauemi; ki te tiketike rawa ka kino pea te rauemi.
– Pēhanga: e whakatau ana i te mātotoru me te kaha o te rauemi ki te whakakī i te pokepokea ai.
– Te wā pēhi me te wā whakamaroke: he mea tino nui i roto i ngā huinga wera.
– Te whakatakotoranga o te rauemi ki roto i te pokepokea ai: ka pā ki te tauira rere me te mōrearea o ngā hapa.
– Te hoahoa pokepokea ai: te whakapūngao hau hei tango i te hau me te whakaiti i ngā āputa, me te āputa tika hei whakahaere i te uira.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whakahāngai pēhi he tikanga whakahāngai kirihou e uru ana ki te pēhi i te rauemi ki roto i te whakahāngai wera kia hanga rā anō, kia mārō rā anō. He tino pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā hua e hiahia ana ki te kaha me te pumau, ā, he pai mō ngā rauemi thermoset me ngā mea whakahiato pērā i te phenolics, te melamine, te epoxy, me te SMC/BMC. Ka taea hoki te tukatuka i ētahi thermoplastics, pērā i te HDPE, PP, me te PTFE, mā te whakamahi i te huarahi whakahāngai pēhi i raro i ētahi tikanga.
Ina whakaarohia ngā tikanga whakaputa, he kōwhiringa pai te hanga whakarewa pēhanga ina he māmā ake te uaua o te hua, he kaha pai te miihini e hiahiatia ana, ā, he rauemi thermoset, he rauemi hiato rānei e whakamahia ana. Heoi, mō ngā āhuahanga uaua me te whakaputa papatipu taipitopito teitei, he pai ake pea te tikanga pēnei i te hanga whakarewa werohanga.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina mā te tāpiri atu i: tētahi ripanga whakatairite i te hanga kōpeketanga me te hanga werohanga, ngā tauira o ngā tawhā tukanga (ngā awhe pāmahana/pēhanga), ngā taunakitanga rauemi rānei i runga i te hua e hiahia ana koe ki te hanga.
