Ngā Momo Kirihou Ā-Taiao me te Hua o aua Kirihou
Kua noho te kirihou hei wāhanga nui o te ao hou. Heoi, he tino kino tōna pānga ki te taiao. E hia rau ki te mano tau te roa o te pirau o ngā kirihou tuku iho i ahu mai i te hinu, ka poke i ngā moana me te oneone, ā, ka mōrearea hoki ngā kararehe mohoao. Nō reira, kua kaha te mahi a ngā kairangahau me ngā umanga ki te kimi i ētahi atu momo kirihou e pai ana ki te taiao. Kei raro nei ētahi momo kirihou e pai ana ki te taiao kua whakawhanakehia me te āhua o te hanga.
1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) kua hangarua.
Tuhinga
Ko te Polyethylene terephthalate, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te PET, he momo kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pounamu inu me ngā takai kai. He maha ngā mahi auaha i roto i te hangarua PET kua taea ai te whakamahi anō i te rauemi, ā, kua whakaitihia te para me te hiahia mō ngā rauemi mata hou.
Tikanga Whakaputa
Ko te tukanga hangarua PET e whai ake nei:
1. Kohikohi me te Whakarōpū: Ka kohia ngā para kirihou PET, ka whakarōpūhia i runga i te tae me te ma.
2. Te horoi: Ka horoia te PET hei tango i te paru me ngā poke.
3. Te kuru: Ka kuruhia te PET ma ki roto i ngā maramara ririki, ki roto rānei i te konganuku kirihou.
4. Te Whakaputa: Ka rewahia ngā maramara PET ka whakaputahia ki roto i ngā pirepire kirihou hou kua rite mō te whakamahi.
Ka whakamahia anōtia te PET hangarua (rPET) hei hanga pounamu inu, muka mō ngā kakahu, me te maha atu o ngā hua.
2. Polylactide (PLA)
Tuhinga
Ko te Polylactide, PLA rānei, he kirihou koiora i hangaia mai i ngā pūtake hou pēnei i te kānga, te rīwai, te pīti huka rānei. Ko te PLA tētahi o ngā momo kirihou koiora e whakamahia whānuitia ana nā tōna ngāwari ki te pirau.
Tikanga Whakaputa
He maha ngā wāhanga o te hanga PLA:
1. Te Tango Huka: Ka tangohia ngā warowaihā mai i ngā rauemi mata pērā i te kānga, ka whakapūpūtia hei whakaputa waikawa miraka.
2. Whakapūhui: Kātahi ka haere te waikawa lactic i roto i te tukanga whakapūhui hei hanga i ngā mekameka roa o te polylactide.
3. Te Hanga: Ka taea te whakaputa i te PLA hua ki ngā āhua rerekē mā te whakamahi i te extrusion, te injection molding, te thermoforming rānei.
E whakamahia ana te PLA i roto i ngā momo mahi pēnei i te takai kai, ngā taputapu kai whakakorekore, me ngā putea kirihou pirau-koiora.
3. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
Tuhinga
Ko ngā Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) he kirihou koiora i hangaia e ngā huakita mā te whakapūkara o ngā rauemi rauropi. He tino ātaahua ngā PHA nā te mea he rite ō rātou āhuatanga ki ngā kirihou tuku iho engari ka pirau i roto i te taiao.
Tikanga Whakaputa
He maha ngā wāhanga o te hanga PHA:
1. Te Whakapūtanga Huakita: Ka whāngaihia ētahi huakita ki te puna waro pērā i te hinu huawhenua, ngā waikawa ngako rānei.
2. Te hanganga o te PHA: Ka hurihia e ngā huakita te pūtake waro hei PHA, ka kohia ki roto i ngā pūtau huakita hei kirikiri.
3. Te Tangohanga me te Whakama: Ka tangohia te PHA mai i ngā pūtau huakita, ā, ka whakamahia kia whiwhi ai i te pūmua e hiahiatia ana.
E whakamahia ana te PHA i roto i ngā momo mahi maha, tae atu ki ngā takai kai, ngā taputapu hauora pirau-koiora, me ētahi atu hua whakamahi kotahi.
4. Biopolyethylene (Bio-PE)
Tuhinga
Ko te Biopolyethylene, ko te Bio-PE rānei, he momo polyethylene i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou pēnei i te tō. He rite tonu ngā āhuatanga o te Bio-PE ki te polyethylene tikanga engari he iti ake te tapuwae waro.
Tikanga Whakaputa
He maha ngā mahi mō te hanga Bio-PE:
1. Te Tango Huka: Ka tangohia te huka mai i te tō, i ētahi atu tipu rānei.
2. Whakapūpū: Ka whakapūpūtia te huka hei whakaputa i te etanoru.
3. Te maroketanga: Ka hurihia te etanoru hei etilena mā te tukanga maroketanga.
4. Whakapūhui: Kātahi ka whakapūhuitia te ethylene hei polyethylene.
Pērā i te PE tuku iho, e whakamahia ana te Bio-PE i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi tae atu ki te takai kai, ngā putea kirihou, me ngā wāhanga ahumahi.
5. Asetate Cellulose
Tuhinga
He kirihou te cellulose acetate i ahu mai i te cellulose, te wāhanga matua o ngā pakitara pūtau tipu. Kua roa tēnei kirihou e whakamahia ana, ā, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna pirau-ora.
Tikanga Whakaputa
He maha ngā wāhanga o te hanga o te cellulose acetate:
1. Te Tangohanga Cellulose: Ka tangohia te cellulose mai i ngā tipu pēnei i te rakau, te miro rānei.
2. Te Whakapūtanga: Kātahi ka hurihia te cellulose hei cellulose acetate mā te tukanga whakapūtanga mā te whakamahi i te waikawa acetic.
3. Te Hanga: Ka taea te hanga i te cellulose acetate ka puta hei hua mā te werohanga, mā ētahi atu tikanga hanga rānei.
E whakamahia ana te cellulose acetate i roto i ngā momo mahi tae atu ki ngā tātari hikareti, te kiriata whakaahua, me ngā hua kaihoko pēnei i ngā heru me ngā mōhiti kanohi.
6. Te Terephthalate Polybutylenedipate (PBAT)
Tuhinga
Ko te Polybutylenedipate terephthalate (PBAT) he pūmua pirau-koiora e whakaranua ana ki ētahi atu kirihou-koiora hei whakapai ake i ōna āhuatanga hangarau. He kōwhiringa ātaahua te PBAT mō ngā hua kotahi te whakamahinga nā te mea he kaha, he pirau-koiora hoki.
Tikanga Whakaputa
Ko te hanga PBAT e whai ake nei:
1. Te Whakapūngao-maha: Ka hangaia te PBAT mā te tauhohenga whakapūngao-maha i waenga i te butanediol, te waikawa terephthalic, me te waikawa adipic.
2. Te Hanga: Ka taea te hanga i te PBAT hua hei hua mā te extrusion, te werohanga pokepokea, ētahi atu tikanga rānei.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana te PBAT i roto i ngā mahi pēnei i ngā putea hokohoko pirau-koiora, ngā kiriata ahuwhenua, me ngā hua tākai.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whanaketanga o ngā kirihou e pai ana ki te taiao e whakaatu ana ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i te pānga kino o ngā kirihou tuku iho ki te taiao. Ko te PET, PLA, PHA, Bio-PE, cellulose acetate, me te PBAT kua hangarua he torutoru noa iho o ngā kirihou i hangaia hei pai ake mō tō tātou ao. Mā roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa auaha me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou, ka tukuna e ēnei kirihou he otinga pumau mō te heke mai.
Heoi, he mea nui kia maumahara kāore e ranea te huri noa ki ngā kirihou e pai ana mō te taiao. He mea nui anō hoki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga kirihou, te whakanui ake i te hangarua, me te whakarerekē i ngā whanonga a te kaihoko hei whakatika i te raruraru kirihou o te ao. Mā te auahatanga tonu me te whakanui ake i te mōhiotanga ki te taiao, ka taea e tātou te neke ki tētahi heke mai matomato ake, pumau ake hoki.
