Te Rerekētanga i waenga i ngā Uaua Maeneene me ngā Uaua Angaiwi
He mahi nui tā ngā kiko uaua i roto i te tinana tangata, e tautoko ana i te nekehanga, te pumau, me ngā mahi nui pēnei i te nakunaku me te tohanga toto. I roto i ēnei kiko uaua, he rerekē te hanganga, te mahi, me te whakahaere o ngā uaua maeneene me ngā uaua angaanga. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā uaua maeneene me ngā uaua angaanga, me te whakamārama me pēhea tā rātou whai wāhi ki ngā tukanga tinana uaua o te tinana.
Hanganga me te Āhua
Ngā Uaua Angaiwi:
Ko ngā uaua angaanga, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā uaua striated, he mea e kitea ana i roto i ō rātou muka roa, porotaka me ngā karihi maha kei te taha. Ka whakaatuhia e ēnei uaua he āhua striated motuhake i raro i te karuārai nā te whakaritenga whakarite o ngā miro actin me myosin. Ko ngā waeine tāruarua e kiia nei ko ngā sarcomeres e whakarato ana i te tauira striation, he mea nui mō te whakaheke uaua.
Ka piri ngā uaua angaanga ki ngā wheua mā roto i ngā uaua, ā, ka totoro puta noa i ngā hononga hei whakahaere i te nekehanga. Ko te hanganga tinana e whakahaua ana e tētahi whakahaere whakarōpū e titoa ana e ngā muka uaua, ngā uaua uaua, me te uaua katoa, ia mea he mea takai ki ngā paparanga kiko honohono—endomysium, perimysium, me te epimysium.
Ngā Uaua Maeneene:
I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā uaua maeneene kāore i te whai kiko, he pūtau āhua-whiri me te karihi kotahi i waenganui. He rite tonu te āhua o ēnei muka uaua, engari kāore he tauira here motuhake e kitea ana i roto i ngā uaua angaanga. Ko te kore o te whakaritenga sarcomere te take i maeneene ai tō rātou āhua.
Kei roto i ngā pakitara o ngā whekau tuwhera (pērā i ngā whekau, ngā uaua toto, te pūhā, me te kōpū) ngā uaua maeneene, ā, he mea nui mō te whakahaere i ngā tukanga ā-roto. Kua whakaritea ēnei hei rau, hei paparanga rānei, e whakapoto ana i runga i te manawataki me te kore e hiahia kia pai ai ngā mahi a te tinana.
Mana Whakahaere me te Mahi
Ngā Uaua Angaiwi:
Kei raro i te mana whakahaere tūao ngā uaua angaanga, arā, ko te pūnaha io tinana e ārahi ā-hinengaro ana i ā rātou nekehanga. Ka tukuna e ngā io nekehanga ngā tohu mai i te roro me te taurakira ki ngā uaua angaanga, ka akiaki i te whakahekenga. He mea nui tēnei mana whakahaere mō ngā mahi mai i ngā pūkenga nekeneke pai, pērā i te tuhituhi, ki ngā pūkenga nekeneke whānui, pērā i te hikoi, te hiki taonga rānei.
Ko te mahi matua a ngā uaua angaanga he whakahaere i te nekehanga mā te whakamahi i te kaha ki runga i ngā wheua me ngā hononga. Ka pupuri hoki i te tū, ka whakau i ngā hononga, ka whakaputa i te wera o te tinana mā roto i ngā mahi pākia. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā muka uaua hei momo I (ngoikore puhoi) momo II rānei (ngoikore tere) i runga i te tere whakaheke me te kaha manawanui. He ātete ake ngā muka momo I ki te ngenge, ā, he pai mō ngā mahi manawanui, ko ngā muka momo II ia he mea whakarerekē mō ngā pakū poto o te kaha me te tere.
Ngā Uaua Maeneene:
Ka mahi ngā uaua maeneene i raro i te mana whakahaere koretake, e whakahaerehia ana e te pūnaha io motuhake (ANS) me ngā tohu homoni. Ka aro atu rātou ki ngā whakaohooho me te kore e ngana ki te mahi, ka whakarite i ngā tukanga nui pēnei i te peristalsis i roto i te ara kai, te vasoconstriction me te vasodilation i roto i ngā oko toto, me te whakaheke i te pūkahukahu i te wā e mimi ana.
Kei ngā uaua maeneene te kaha ki te pupuri i ngā whakawhāititanga roa me te pupuri i te taumahatanga mō ngā wā roa me te kore e ngenge. He mea nui tēnei āhuatanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakawhāititanga tonic, mō te whakahaere i te toto toto, te whakahaere i te haerenga o ngā matū i roto i ngā whekau, me te pupuri i te mahi a ngā uaua o roto.
Urupare ki ngā Whakaohooho
Ngā Uaua Angaiwi:
Ka aro atu ngā uaua angaanga ki te whakaoho io mā te tikanga hononga whakaoho-whakaiti. Ka puta he pūmanawa mahi mā te neuron motuka e haere ana i te kiriuhi o te muka uaua, ka whakaoho i te tukunga o ngā katote konupūmā mai i te reticulum sarcoplasmic. Ka herea ēnei katote konupūmā ki te troponin, ka āwhina i te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā miro actin me te myosin, ā, ka hua ake te whakaiti uaua.
He tere, he tika hoki te urupare a ngā uaua angaiwi, e āhei ai te whakarerekē tere me te nekenekehanga tūao. Ka taea te whakatikatika i te kaha me te roa o ngā whakawhāititanga o ngā uaua, kia puta ai te ngāwari e hiahiatia ana mō ngā momo mahi tinana.
Ngā Uaua Maeneene:
He āta haere, he pumau ake te urupare a ngā uaua maeneene ki ngā whakaohooho. He mahi nui anō hoki tā ngā katote konupūmā ki te whakawhāiti i ngā uaua maeneene, engari ko te calmodulin te kaupapa matua, kaua ko te troponin. Ka herea te konupūmā ki te calmodulin, ka whakahohe i te myosin light chain kinase, ā, ka āwhina i te taunekeneke i waenga i te actin me te myosin, ka hua ake te whakawhāiti.
Ka taea e ngā uaua maeneene te whakawhāiti i te manawataki, e kitea ana i roto i te peristalsis, te pupuri rānei i te taumata whakawhāiti tonu i te korenga o ngā whakaohooho o waho, e āhei ai ngā mahi pēnei i te pupuri i te oro o ngā oko toto. He mea nui tō rātou kaha ki te urutau me te urupare ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana mō te homeostasis.
Whakahoutanga me te Whakatika
Ngā Uaua Angaiwi:
He iti noa te kaha o ngā muka uaua angaiwi ki te whakaora anō. Ka taea e ngā pūtau amiorangi, he momo pūtau take e kitea ana i roto i ngā uaua angaiwi, te whakaputa uri me te wehewehe hei whakautu ki te whara, hei āwhina i te tukanga whakatikatika. Heoi, mā ngā whara kino ka hua ake he fibrosis me te whara, ka whakararu pea i te mahi a te uaua.
Ngā Uaua Maeneene:
He nui ake te kaha whakaora o ngā uaua maeneene i ngā uaua angaanga. Ka taea e rātou te pāngia e te hyperplasia (te pikinga o te maha o ngā pūtau) me te hypertrophy (te pikinga o te rahi o ngā pūtau) hei whakautu ki ngā tono ā-tinana, ki te whara rānei. He mea nui tēnei kaha urutau hei pupuri i te mahi a ngā okana e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi uaua maeneene.
Pūngao Metabolism
Ngā Uaua Angaiwi:
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā uaua angaanga ki te pākia o te tinana i roto i te hau me te hau kore-hau hei whakaputa pūngao. I te aroaro o te hāora, ka whakaputahia e rātou te ATP mā te manawa hau kore-hau, he mea whai hua mō ngā mahi pumau, iti te kaha. I ngā mahi kaha teitei, ina iti te tuku hāora, ka huri ngā uaua angaanga ki te glycolysis anaerobic, ka tere te whakaputa ATP engari ka hua ake te kohikohinga o te lactate.
Ngā Uaua Maeneene:
Ko te nuinga o ngā uaua maeneene e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pākia o te tinana, e whakaputa pai ana i te ATP mā te oxidative phosphorylation. He iti ake te hiahia mō te pūngao ki te whakaritea ki ngā uaua angiangi, ā, ka taea e rātou te pupuri i ngā whakawhāititanga mō ngā wā roa me te iti rawa o te whakapaunga pūngao.
Opaniraa
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he rerekē ngā uaua maeneene me ngā uaua angaanga i roto i ō rātou hanganga, mahi, whakahaere, me te urupare ki ngā whakaohooho. Ko ngā uaua angaanga, me ō rātou āhua whakarara me te whakahaere tūao, he tino pai ki te whakahaere i te nekehanga me te tautoko i ngā mahi tūao. He rerekē, ko ngā uaua maeneene, me ō rātou hanganga kore-whakarara me te whakahaere tūao, he mea nui mō te pupuri i ngā tukanga ā-roto me te homeostasis. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga hei mārama ki te whai wāhi a ngā kiko uaua ki te mahi whānui me te hauora o te tinana.
