Ngā Hipanga Tuatahi ki te Hanga i tētahi Pāmu Ika Kurami
He taonga ika wai māori te Kurami (Osphronemus goramy) he nui te uara mākete, ā, he pumau tonu te tono mākete. He matotoru tōna mīti, he whānui te maioha ki tōna reka, ā, he whānui te wāhi mākete, mai i ngā whare noho ki ngā wharekai me ngā ratonga kai. Nō reira, he whai wāhitanga pakihi pai te whakatū i tētahi pāmu ika kurami. Heoi, pērā i tētahi atu mahi ahuwhenua ika, kāore e puta wawe mai te angitu. Me whai i ngā mahi tuatahi tika kia pai ai te whakatipu, kia iti ai te mōrearea, kia puta ai hoki ngā hua pai rawa atu. Anei tētahi aratohu ki ngā mahi tuatahi mō te whakatū i tētahi pāmu ika kurami, mai i te whakamahere ki te whakarite mō te hauhake.
1. Kia mārama ki te āhua me ngā hiahia o te ika kurāmi
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o te gourami. He puhoi te tipu o te gourami ki te whakataurite ki te catfish me te tilapia, engari he nui ake te utu hoko. E mōhiotia ana hoki te kaha o te gourami ki ngā āhuatanga taiao, engari me pai tonu te kounga o te wai hei ārai i te ahotea me te mate.
I te nuinga o te wā, he pai ki ngā kurāmi ngā wai marino me ngā pāmahana mai i te 24–30°C, he pH tata ki te 6,5–8, ā, he nui ngā taumata hāora rewa. Nā te mea he okana manawa anō tō ngā kurāmi (labyrinth), ka taea e rātou te ora i ngā taumata hāora iti iho i ētahi atu ika, engari kāore tēnei e kī ana me warewarehia te kounga o te wai. Ka mate tonu, ka puhoi hoki te tipu o te wai paru me te nui rawa o te haukini.
2. Whakatauhia ngā whāinga pakihi: te whakatō, te whakanui, ngā mea e rua rānei.
He maha ngā tauira pakihi e taea ai te whakahaere i te mahi ahuwhenua gurami:
1. Te whakatō purapura: arotahi ki te whakaputa purapura (rahi iti) hei hoko ki ngā kaimahi pāmu.
2. Whakawhanui: te hoko purapura, kātahi ka whakatipu i a rātou ki te rahi e pau ana (hei tauira, 500 karamu–1 kg/upoko) mō te mākete.
3. Whakauru: te whakatō me te whakanui i te wā kotahi.
Mō ngā tīmatanga, he māmā ake te whakatipu i ngā ika, nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he pūkenga motuhake pērā i te whiriwhiri i ngā momo uri, te whakaputa uri, me te tiaki torongū. Heoi, ki te mea kei a koe te mātauranga me te mākete mō ngā parai, ka tino whai hua te mahi whakatipu i ngā wāhi whakatupu uri. Mā te whakatū i ō whāinga mai i te tīmatanga ka whakatau i te hoahoa o te roto, ngā whakaritenga taputapu, me ngā rautaki hokohoko.
3. Te rangahau mākete me ngā tātaitanga ngāwari mō te whaihua
I mua i te hanganga o tētahi roto, whakahaerehia he rangahau mākete. Kimihia:
– Ngā utu mō te kūrami hei kai mā ngā mākete tuku iho, ngā kaikohi ika, me ngā wharekai.
– Ko te rahi tino rongonui (hei tauira, 600–800 karamu/upoko mō ngā wharekai).
– Te haere tonu o te tono me ngā wā tino pīki (hei tauira, ngā wā hararei, ngā huihuinga rānei).
– Te wātea o ngā purapura i tō rohe me te whānuitanga o te utu.
Muri iho, whakahaerehia he tātaitanga māmā: whakatau tata i ngā utu mō te hanganga o te roto, te hoko purapura, te kai, te hiko (mēnā kei te whakamahi i te pūwero/papu), ngā rongoā me ngā huaora, me ngā utu mahi. Whakatauritea tēnei ki te moni whiwhi e matapaetia ana i te kotinga. Ahakoa kāore ngā tātaitanga tuatahi i te taipitopito, mā tēnei koe e āwhina ki te karo i ngā whakatau ohorere.
4. Kōwhiria te wāhi tika
He mea nui te wāhi noho. Ko te wāhi pai mō te pāmu kurāmi:
– He puna wai rawaka, he pumau hoki (ngā puna wai, ngā mahi whakamakuku, ngā puna wai), ā, kāore i poke i te para.
– He huarahi e tika ana mō te tomokanga me te putanga atu o ngā kai, ngā purapura me ngā hua kua hauhaketia.
– Kāore te whenua e ngāwari ana ki te waipuke, ā, kāore hoki e tata rawa ki ngā pūtake parahanga.
– He pai te haumarutanga hei ārai i te tahae me ngā raruraru taiao.
Ki te whakamahi koe i te wai mai i ngā awa, i te whakamakuku rānei, kia mōhio kei reira he pūnaha tātari hei ārai i te urunga mai o ngā pepeke, ngā ika mohoao, ngā iroriki mate rānei.
5. Whakatauhia te momo puna kaukau: whenua, raima, tāparāuline rānei
Ko te kōwhiringa o te puna ka whakawhirinaki ki te pūtea, ki ngā āhuatanga o te whenua, me te tauine whakaputa.
– Ngā roto oneone: he iti ake te utu, ā, he pai ake te kai māori i ngā āhuatanga taiao, engari he uaua ake te whakahaere, ā, he ngāwari ki te turuturu, ki te kapua rānei ina ua.
– Ngā puna kaukau raima: he kaha, he pakari, he ngāwari ki te horoi, engari he nui ngā utu tīmatanga, ā, me tino kaha ake te whakahaere i te kounga o te wai.
– Kaukau tāpaurinī: ngāwari, he pai mō te hunga tīmata, mō ngā wāhi iti rānei, he utu iti, engari he iti te roa o te ora o te tāpaurinī, ā, ka pakaru pea mēnā kāore e tiakina tika.
He maha ngā kaimahi pāmu e tīmata ana ki ngā puna tāpaurinī nā te mea he tere te hanga, he ngāwari hoki te aroturuki. Heoi, ki te mea kei te whai koe i tētahi mahi roa, nui, he pai ake te haumi i ngā puna oneone, i te puna raima rānei.
6. Whakaritea te puna me te whakahaere wai mai i te tīmatanga
Ehara i te mea ko te "whakakī noa i te wai, kātahi ka ruia ngā purapura" te puna pai. He mea nui ngā mahi whakarite:
1. Te horoi i te puna i te paru nui, i ngā mea ora e toe ana, i ngā mea koi rānei (mō ngā puna tāpaurinī).
2. Te whakakōhatu (ina koa mō ngā roto oneone) hei whakau i te pH me te pehi i ngā huakita.
3. Whakatōngia te whenua mēnā e tika ana hei whakatipu i te kai māori (te plankton) i roto i ngā rahinga kua whakaritea.
4. Whakakīia mārire te wai, ā, waiho kia tau mō te 1–3 rā i mua i te rui i ngā purapura kia pumau ai.
5. Pūnaha tohanga: whakarato i ngā awa whakauru me ngā awa putanga wai, me te tātari māmā hoki.
He mea nui te whakahaere wai. Me aroturuki tonu i te tae o te wai, te haunga, me te whanonga o ngā ika. Ko te auau o te haruru o ngā ika i te mata, te kohikohi rānei i te kokonga, he tohu pea tēnei kei te kounga wai kino.
7. Kōwhiria ngā purapura kounga teitei, me te huarahi tika mō te rui i a rātou
Ko ngā purapura kounga te mea e whakatau ana i te tere ora me te tere tipu. Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā purapura kurāmi pai ko:
– Ngā nekehanga tere me te arotau
– Rahi ōrite
– Kāore he patunga, he harore, he ira mā rānei
– Kaua e kaukau taha, kaua hoki e iri ki runga i te mata
I te tukunga i ngā kōura, kia taunga rātou: whakatakotoria te putea kōura ki roto i te puna mō ētahi meneti kia taea ai te whakarerekē i te pāmahana o te wai. Muri iho, whakatuwheratia mārire, ā, tukua ngā kōura kia puta ko rātou anake. Mā tēnei mahi māmā ka whakaitihia te ahotea.
Me whakarerekē hoki te kiato o ngā kararehe ki te rahi o te roto me te pūnaha whakahaere. Mā te nui rawa o te kiato ka tere te whakararuraru i te ika, ka puhoi te tipu, ka nui ake hoki te tūponotanga o te mate.
8. Rautaki whāngai whai hua
Ko te utu nui rawa atu mō te mahi pāmu ika ko te whāngai i te kai. Ka taea te whāngai i te kurāmi ki ngā pirepire, engari he maha ngā kaiwhakatupu e whakakotahi ana i tēnei me te kai matomato pērā i te rau sente, te kāre, te taro, te papaya rānei (i runga i ā rātou tikanga me te wātea). Ka taea e tēnei whakakotahitanga te whakaiti i ngā utu, engari me aro tonu ki ngā whakaritenga kai mō te tipu pai o te ika.
Ngā mātāpono whāngai me mātua whai:
– Whāngaihia i ngā wā katoa, e 2–3 ngā wā i te rā.
– Kaua e nui rawa te mahi, kei poke te wai.
– Aroturukihia te hiahia kai—mēnā ka heke, tirohia te kounga me te hauora o te wai.
– Penapenahia te kai ki te wāhi maroke, kaua e tukua kia poke.
9. Te ārai i te mate me te tiakitanga koiora māmā
Ka puta pinepine te mate ina pāngia ngā ika e te ahotea nā te kounga kino o te wai, te kīkī rawa, te kounga kai rānei. Ko ngā mahi ārai ko:
– Kia ma te puna kaukau me ngā taputapu (te koko, te pākete)
– Tātarihia ngā purapura mēnā ka taea
– Maka atu ngā ika e tino mate ana hei ārai i te mate.
– Me whakawhiti wai i ngā wā katoa e hiahiatia ana
– Whakamahia te tote ika, ngā probiotics rānei e ai ki te taunakitanga mēnā e tika ana
He mea nui kia maumahara: mā te kore he maimoatanga mārama ka kino ake te āhua. Mēnā ka piki ake te mate, me toro atu ki tētahi āpiha toronga hī ika ā-rohe, ki tētahi tohunga rānei e mōhio ana ki te mahi.
10. Whakaritea ngā mahere hauhake me te hokohoko
He maha ngā kaimahi pāmu e aro ana ki te whakaputa hua engari e wareware ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā hongere hoko. Mai i te tīmatanga, hangaia he whanaungatanga ki:
– Ngā kaikohi ika me ngā kaihokohoko
– Te rangatira o tētahi toa kai e whakarato ana i te tahua kūrami
– Ngā mākete tuku iho huri noa i te wāhi
– Ngā hokonga tika (tono-mua) ki ngā kaihoko
Waihangahia he mahere hauhake ā-wāhanga i ngā wā katoa e taea ai. Ka āwhina te hauhake ā-wāhanga i te rere o te moni, ā, ka urutau hoki te rahi o te ika ki te hiahia o te mākete.
Te Katinga
Ko ngā mahi tuatahi mō te whakatū i tētahi pāmu ika kurāmi ko te mārama ki ngā hiahia o te ika, te whakatau i tētahi tauira pakihi, te whiriwhiri i tētahi wāhi rautaki, te whakarite i tētahi roto e tika ana, me te whakarite kia kounga ngā purapura me ngā kai. Ko te kī ki te angitu kei roto i te whakahaere wai, te tiaki i ia rā, me te hokohoko kua whakaritea mai i te tīmatanga. He roa ake te wā e pau ai te kurāmi ki te rahi o te kai, engari mā te whakamahere tupato me te whakahaere tonu, ka taea e tēnei pakihi te noho hei puna moni pumau me te pumau.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o tēnei tuhinga (me ngā tauira o te rahi o ngā roto, ngā whakatau tata mō te kiato o ngā kararehe, me ngā whakatauira utu māmā) i whakaritea kia rite ki ō hiahia whenua me te whakapaipai.
