Me pēhea te kite i te aroaro o ngā pirinoa i roto i ngā kararehe
Ko ngā pirinoa i roto i ngā kararehe kararehe tētahi o ngā raruraru hauora tino noa e whakaiti ana i te hua. Kāore i te kitea tonutia tō rātou aroaro, engari ka nui te pānga: te puhoi o te pikinga o te taumaha, te hekenga o te whakaputanga miraka, te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate, tae atu ki te mate i ngā wā tino kino. Nō reira, me mārama ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te kimi i ngā pirinoa i te wā wawe tonu kia tere ake ai te maimoatanga me te whakaiti i ngā mate. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te kimi i ngā pirinoa i roto i ngā kararehe kararehe mā te tirotiro i ngā tohu, ngā whakamātautau tinana, me ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga māmā.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā momo pirinoa i roto i ngā kararehe
I te nuinga o te wā, ka wehea ngā pirinoa i roto i ngā kararehe kararehe ki ngā rōpū nui e rua, arā, ngā pirinoa o roto me ngā pirinoa o waho.
1) Kei roto i ngā tinana o ngā kararehe ngā pirinoa ā-roto (endoparasites). Hei tauira:
– Ngā kutukutu puku (ngā kutukutu porowhita, ngā kutukutu rīpene)
– Te rewharewha ate (Fasciola)
– Ngā protozoa e hua ai te coccidiosis
– Ētahi pirinoa toto (hei tauira, Babesia/Anaplasma i ētahi āhuatanga)
2) Kei te mata o te tinana o te kararehe ngā pirinoa o waho (ngā ectoparasites). Hei tauira:
– Ngā kutu
– Ngā tītī/ngā mite
– Ngā namu ngote toto
– Te take kotahi o te mate pāwera
He rerekē ngā tohu e puta mai ana i ia pirinoa. Nō reira, me whakahaere he huarahi pūnaha ki te kimi: tīmata mā te tirotiro i ia rā, te whakamātautau tinana, ā, hei whakamutunga, mā te whakamātautau tauira, mēnā e tika ana.
2. Te kimi mā roto i ngā huringa o te mahi me te whanonga
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi māmā rawa atu mā ngā kaipāmu ko te aroturuki i ngā panonitanga o te mahi a ngā kararehe. Ko ngā pirinoa, inā koa ko ērā e pā ana ki te ara nakunaku, ka puta te āhua "kāore i te tino whanake" o ngā kararehe ahakoa te nui o te kai e kainga ana.
Ko ngā tohu hei tirotiro māu ko:
– Te hekenga o te hiahia kai, te kai whiriwhiri rānei
– Te puhoi o te pikinga o te taumaha i roto i ngā kau/koati/hipi e momona ana
– Ka heke te hanga miraka i roto i ngā kau miraka
– He ngoikore ngā kararehe, he mangere ki te neke, he maha ake ā rātou takotoranga
– He huruhuru tū, he huruhuru mangu, he ngāwari ki te taka
– Te mā o ngā kiriuhi mucous (he tohu tēnei mō te anemia), inā koa mēnā he pirinoa ngote toto pērā i ētahi kutukutu, i ētahi tītī rānei.
– Te rakuraku pinepine i te tinana, te ngau i te kiri, te kore okiokinga (he maha ngā wā e pā ana ki ngā ectopasites)
– Ngā mate whānau: te koretake o te hiahia moepuku, te hekenga o te maha o ngā hāputanga (tērā pea e pā ana ki te ahotea me te kino haere o te āhua o te tinana)
Me mahi tonu ēnei tirotiro i ngā wā katoa, hei tauira, i te wā e whāngai ana i te ata me te ahiahi. He tino āwhina ngā tuhinga māmā o te taumaha o te tinana, te kai e kainga ana, me te whakaputanga miraka ki te kite wawe i ngā raruraru.
3. Te kimi mā te tirotiro i ngā tūtae me ngā tohu nakunaku
Ko ngā pirinoa ā-roto te tikanga ka puta he tohu i roto i te ara nakunaku. Nō reira, he mea nui te paru kararehe ki te tirotiro i tō rātou hauora.
Ko ētahi tohu hei whakapae:
– Te mate korere roa, te mate korere anō rānei, inā koa i roto i ngā kararehe taitamariki
– He tūtae tāwharau e konatunatua ana ki te hūpē (tērā pea he hononga ki te mate protozoa/coccidia)
– He tino pouri te tae o ngā tūtae i raro i ētahi āhuatanga
– Ka kitea te aroaro o ngā kutukutu i roto i ngā tūtae, i te taha rānei o te nono (engari kāore e kitea i ngā wā katoa)
– Puku nui/pupuhi engari he tinana kikokore (e kitea pinepine ana i roto i ngā mate kutukutu mau tonu)
I roto i ngā kararehe ruminant (kau, koati, me te hipi), ka taea e ētahi momo kutukutu te whakaputa i te "kauae pounamu," he pupuhi i raro i te kauae nā te iti o te pūmua toto. He tohu nui tēnei e hono pinepine ana ki ngā kutukutu ngote toto i roto i te abomasum, ki tētahi mate kino, roa rānei.
4. He whakamātautau tinana māmā o ngā kararehe (mai i te mahunga ki te waewae)
Kāore e hiahiatia he whakamātautau tinana kia uaua. Ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau auau mai i te upoko ki te hiku, inā koa ki ngā kararehe e whakaatu ana i ngā tohumate.
a) Te tirotiro i ngā kanohi me ngā kapia
– Tirohia te tae o te kanohi kanapa me ngā kapia. Mēnā he mā te tae, he tohu pea tēnei kua pāngia koe e te mate toto i puta mai i ngā pirinoa.
– Mō ngā koati me ngā hipi, ka whakamahia te tikanga FAMACHA hei aromatawai i te anemia (ina koa nā ngā kutukutu Haemonchus). Mā te kaute FAMACHA ka āwhina ki te whakatau mēnā me rongoā ngā kararehe ki te rongoā kutukutu, ahakoa he whakangungu poto te tikanga e hiahiatia ana mō te aromatawai tika.
b) Te tirotiro i te kiri me te huruhuru
– Tirohia mēnā he kiripaka, he mariao, he kiri matotoru, he ngaro te makawe, he pakira rānei ngā wāhi.
– Whakapāhia te kiri: ki te mea he matotoru, he wera, he puku iti rānei, tera pea he hononga ki ngā mite, ki te ngau pepeke rānei.
c) Te tirotiro i te taringa, te kaki, te hope me te hiku
He maha ngā wā ka huna ngā tiikiti i roto i ngā whāriki me ngā wāhi uaua ki te tae atu, pērā i:
– I roto i te taringa
– I raro i te hiku
- Te pūngāwerewere
– Ngā kopa o te kaki me te kauae o raro
Whakamahia he rama ina hiahiatia. Ki te kitea e koe he maha o ngā kutu, he tohu kaha tēnei kei te pangia e ngā pararutiki me te tūponotanga o ngā mate e pā ana.
5. Te kitenga mā te whakamātautau taiwhanga (te whakaū tino tika)
Ahakoa he āwhina te mātakitaki i ngā tohu, ko te tātaritanga tika rawa atu me mātakitaki i tētahi tauira.
a) Whakamātautau paru (whakamātautau hua kutukutu)
Ko te tikanga tino noa ko te tatau hua manu i roto i te paru. Mā tēnei whakamātautau ka whakatauhia te maha o ngā hua manu mō ia karamu o te paru, kia taea ai e tō tākuta kararehe te aromatawai i te whānuitanga o te pangia me te whakatau i te hiahia mō te maimoatanga.
Ngā painga matua:
– He āwhina ki te wehewehe mēnā ko te raru o te kikokore/te korere nā te noke.
– Āwhina ki te aroturuki i te whai huatanga o te rongoā whakamate kutukutu (ahakoa kei te whai hua tonu, kua puta rānei he ātete)
b) Whakamātautau toto
Mena kei te whakapaehia he pirinoa toto, he anemia kino rānei, ka whakaatuhia pea e ngā whakamātautau toto:
– Te iti o ngā toto whero (anemia)
– Ngā tohu o te mumura
– Te tohu i ētahi mate pirinoa e ai ki ngā whakamātautau i mahia
c) Whakamātautau karawarawa kiri
Mō ngā take o te hakihaki, o te mite rānei, ka waruhia pea te kiri e te rata kararehe, kātahi ka tirohia i raro i te karu hiko hei kimi i ngā mite, i ngā hua rānei.
Mena kei ngā kaipāmu te urunga atu ki ngā ratonga hauora kararehe, he tino taunaki kia whakahaerehia tēnei whakamātautau taiwhanga, inā koa mō ngā pāmu tauine waenga-rahi.
6. Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea e āwhina ana ki te matapae i te whakaekenga o ngā pirinoa
Haunga te tirotiro i ngā tohu, me arotake anō hoki e ngā kaiwhakatupu ngā āhuatanga o te whare herehere me te hunga whakahaere e tino mōrearea ana ki te whakaoho i ngā pirinoa, hei tauira:
– He haukū te whare herehere, he paru, he onge te horoinga
– Te nui o ngā kararehe
– Pūnaha whāngai kararehe kore-hurihuri (ka whakamahia tonutia ngā pāmu)
– Kāore he kaupapa patu kutukutu kua whakaritea
– Ngā kararehe hou e tomo mai ana, kāore he karantini
– Te wā ua (ka piki ake te taupori o ngā pirinoa me ngā pepeke)
Mena kei reira ēnei āhuatanga mōrearea, me nui ake te kite i a rātou i ngā wā katoa nā te mea he nui ake te tūponotanga o te pangia e te mate.
7. Āhea koe me waea atu ai ki te rata kararehe i taua wā tonu?
Me rapu tonu ngā kaimahi hauora kararehe i te āwhina a ngā kaimahi pāmu mēnā ka puta ēnei āhuatanga:
– Korere kino, inā koa i roto i ngā kararehe taitamariki
– He ngoikore rawa ngā kararehe, kāore e hiahia ki te kai, kua maroke rānei te wai
– Te kiri mākūkū rawa o ngā kanohi/ngā kapia
– Te whakahekenga taumaha nui i roto i te wā poto
– He maha ngā kararehe e mate ana i te wā kotahi
– He nui ngā kutu/tītī e kitea ana, he tohu rānei kei te horapa te pāpaka
Mā te tere o te rongoā ka ora ai ngā kararehe me te ārai i te horapa puta noa i te pā.
8. Whakatau: ko te kitenga wawe te mea nui
Ko te kimi i ngā pirinoa i roto i ngā kararehe me whai i te tirotiro auau, ngā whakamātautau tinana māmā, me te whakaū taiwhanga, ina taea. Ko te tere o te kitea o ngā pirinoa, ka nui ake te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga, ā, ka iti ake hoki ngā mate ōhanga. Ko ngā kaipāmu e aro turuki ana i ngā āhuatanga o ngā kararehe me te pupuri i ngā whare tiaki kia ma, he nui ake te angitu ki te pehi i ngā take pirinoa i te hunga e mahi ana i te wā kua tino mate kē ngā kararehe.
Mā te whakatū i tētahi mahinga tirotiro o ia rā, te tuhi i ngā huringa o te mahi, te tirotiro i ngā paru me ngā mate kiri, me te mahi tahi me te rata kararehe mō te whakamātautau tauira, ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te pupuri i te hauora, te whai hua, me te ātete ki ngā whakaekenga pirinoa.
