Me pēhea te whakatutuki i te oranga tonutanga i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua kau
Kei te piki haere te hiranga o te oranga tonutanga i roto i te mahi pāmu kau nā te pikinga ake o te hiahia kai, ngā pēhanga taiao, me ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko mō ngā hua hauora me te kawenga. He mahi nui tā te mahi pāmu kau—mīti kau me te miraka kau—i roto i ngā ōhanga taiwhenua me te haumarutanga kai. Heoi, ka whai wāhi anō hoki tēnei rāngai ki ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, te whakamahinga whenua, te kai wai, me te parahanga pea mai i ngā para. Nō reira, kāore e taea te mārama noa ki te oranga tonutanga he "hoa ki te taiao," engari he taurite i waenga i ngā āhuatanga taiao, ōhanga, me te pāpori hei whakarite i te hua o te pakihi, te oranga tangata, me te tiaki i te rauropi.
1. Kia mārama ki te ariā o te oranga tonutanga i roto i te mahi pāmu kau
Ko te tikanga o te mahi ahuwhenua kau tauwhiro he pūnaha whakaputa ka taea te mahi mō te wā roa, me te kore e whakararu i te kaha kawe o ngā rauemi taiao. Inaa, e toru ngā pou me pupuri tonu:
1. Taiao: te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, te pupuri i te kounga o te oneone me te wai, te tiaki i te kanorau koiora.
2. Ōhanga: ka puta he hua pumau, he hua whai hua hoki i te pakihi, ā, he ātete hoki ki ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu.
3. Hapori: te oranga o ngā kaimahi me ngā kaimahi pāmu, te hauora tūmatanui, me ngā whanaungatanga pai ki te hapori e karapoti ana.
Ki te mahue tētahi o ngā pou—hei tauira, he nui ngā hua engari he kino ki te taiao—kāore te pūnaha e tino pumau.
2. Ko te whai huatanga o te whāngai te mea matua
Ko te kai te wāhanga utu nui rawa atu, ā, he mea nui hoki e pā ana ki ngā tukunga methane mai i te whakapūtanga rumen. Ko te pai ake o te huri a te kau i te kai hei mīti, hei miraka rānei, ko te iti iho o ngā tukunga mō ia kirokaramu o te hua.
Ko ētahi mahi ka taea te mahi:
– Whakapai ake i te kounga o te kai matomato: whakatohia te tarutaru pai rawa atu, ngā pīni (pēnei i te indigofera, te lamtoro rānei), ā, tapahia i te tau tino pai kia nui ai te pūmua.
– Te hanganga kai taurite: e ea ai ngā hiahia mō te pūngao, te pūmua, te kohuke me te huaora i runga anō i te wāhanga whakaputa (kuao kau, kau uwha, whāngai ū, momonatanga).
– Te whakaiti i te moumou kai: te hoahoa pai o te poka, te wā whāngai tika, me te rokiroki kai (te silage/te tarutaru maroke) hei whakaiti i te kino.
– Te whakamahinga o ngā para ahuwhenua: ka taea te whakamahi i te kakau raihi, te puku kānga, te keke hinu, me ngā hua taha ahuwhenua, engari me tukatuka (hei tauira, te whakaamonia i te kakau) kia nui ake ai te uara kai.
Mā te whāngai whai hua, ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te penapena utu me te whakaiti i te tapuwae waro.
3. Te hauora pai me te whakahaere uri
Ko te pumau tonu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hua o ia kau. Ko ngā kau e mate pinepine ana, e puhoi ana te tipu, e kore rānei e pai te whakaputa uri ka piki ake ngā utu me ngā tukunga nā te mea ka roa ake te whakaputa.
Ngā mahi ka taea te whakatinana:
– Ngā kaupapa werohanga me te haumarutanga koiora: te whakawhāiti i te nekehanga tangata/kararehe, te wehe i ngā kararehe hou, te pupuri i te ma o te whare kararehe, me te whakahaere i ngā mate pipiri.
– Te whakahaere i te ahotea wera: inā koa i ngā rohe pārūrū, whakaratohia he marumaru, he hauhautanga, he pā hau, me te wai inu e ranea ana.
– Te whakapai ake i te whakaputa uri: te tuhi i te estrus, te kounga o te whakawhānau horihori, te tirotiro i te haputanga, me te whakahaere i ngā wā whānautanga hei whakapiki i te whai huatanga.
– Te oranga o ngā kararehe: Mā te atawhai pai ka whakaiti i te ahotea, ka whakapai ake hoki i te ārai mate. He āhuatanga pāpori, he āhuatanga matatika hoki te oranga, ā, e whai pānga ana hoki ki te urunga ki te mākete.
4. Te whakahaere para: mai i te raruraru ki te rauemi
Ka taea e ngā para kararehe te waiho hei pūtake parahanga mēnā kāore e whakahaerea tika, engari ka taea hoki te waiho hei whai wāhitanga ōhanga. Kei roto i te paru kau me te mimi te hauota, te whākawa, te pāhare pākawa, me ngā mea rauropi he mea whai hua ki te oneone.
Ngā rautaki ka taea te whakamahi:
– Te wairākau me te tongi rauropi: mā te whakapūkara i te tongi hei wairākau ka whakaiti i te haunga, ka patu i ētahi iroriki mate, ā, ka whakapiki i te uara hoko.
– Hau koiora: Ka hurihia e ngā tipu hau koiora ngā para hei pūngao mō te tunu kai, hei hiko iti rānei. Haunga te whakaiti i ngā tukunga methane, ka taea tonu te whakamahi i ngā toenga hau koiora (para) hei tongi.
– Ngā pūnaha waikeri me te pupuri: Kia kore e rere tika ngā para wai ki roto i ngā awa, ki ngā puna rānei. Waihangahia he awaawa, he puna pupuri, he tātari otaota rānei.
– Te whakatinanatanga o te mātāpono 3R (Whakaitihia, Whakamahi Anō, Hangarua): te whakaiti i te hanga para, te whakamahi anō i te wai i muri i te tātari māmā, me te hangarua i ngā rauemi waro.
Mā te huri i te para hei tongi, hei pūngao rānei ka āwhina i ngā kaipāmu ki te penapena i ngā utu whakauru me te whakapiki ake i te moni whiwhi.
5. Te whakahaere i te whāngai kararehe me te tiaki whenua
Mena ka whakamahia he pūnaha whāngai kararehe e te pāmu, ko te āhua o te whakahaere i te whenua te mea nui hei whakatau i te pumautanga. Ka taea e te whāngai kararehe nui te arahi ki te horo, te hekenga o te momona o te oneone, me te ngaronga o te taupoki otaota.
Ngā taahiraa whakatika:
– Te whāngai kararehe huri noa: te wehewehe i te whenua kia maha ngā wāhanga, te huri i ngā kararehe kia whai wā te tarutaru ki te ora anō.
– Te whakatō kai māori: mā te whakakotahitanga o te tarutaru me ngā pīni ka pai ake te nui o te hauota i roto i te oneone, ā, ka pai ake hoki te kounga o te kai.
– Te tiaki wai me te oneone: te whakatakoto papa whenua ki runga i te pari, te uhi whenua, me te whakato rākau kai hei ārai i te horo.
– Te mahi ahuwhenua/te mahi whāngai kararehe: he maha ngā painga o te whakakotahi i ngā rākau me te whāngai kararehe: te marumaru, te kai tāpiri, te pupuri waro, me te whakanui ake i te kanorau koiora.
6. Te whai huatanga o te wai me te pūngao i te taumata pāmu
He nui te wai e hiahiatia ana mō ngā pāmu miraka kau, mō te wai inu me te horoi i ngā whare. Ka whakamahia hoki te pūngao mō te papu, te rama, te rokiroki miraka, me te kawe waka.
Ngā mahi ka taea:
– Whakaratohia he wai inu ma, inehia: whakamahia he tāke aunoa hei whakaiti i ngā maringi, hei whakarite hoki kei te wātea.
– Te kohi wai ua: mā te kohi wai mai i te tuanui o te whare witi ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā puna.
– Penapena hiko: whakamahia ngā rama penapena hiko, tiakina ngā mīhini, ā, whakaarohia ngā panera rā iti mēnā ka taea.
– Te hoahoa tika o te whare herehere: mā te māramatanga taiao me te hauhautanga whakawhiti ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te pūngao mō te whakamatao.
7. Te tuhi raraunga me te hangarau māmā
Me whakatau ngā raraunga hei oranga tonutanga. He maha ngā kaipāmu ka taea te tīmata me tētahi mea māmā noa iho: he pukatuhipoka, he taupānga pūkoro rānei.
Ngā raraunga nui:
– te pikinga o te taumaha,
– te kai whāngai,
– ngā tuhinga mō te haputanga me te whānautanga,
– ngā tuhinga mō ngā mate me ngā maimoatanga,
– ngā utu whakaputa me ngā utu hoko.
Mā te pupuri tuhinga ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te tautuhi tere ake i ngā tauira raruraru, te aromatawai i te hua, me te tatau i te whai huatanga. Ka taea e ngā hangarau pēnei i te pauna matihiko, ngā pūoko pāmahana, ngā taupānga whakahaere kararehe rānei te āwhina, engari ko te pupuri tuhinga tonu te mea nui.
8. Ngā hononga mahi tahi, te tiwhikete me te urunga ki te mākete
E hono ana hoki te oranga tonutanga ki te mekameka tuku. Ko ngā kaipāmu e noho ana i roto i ngā mahi tahi, i ngā hononga mahi rānei, he māmā ake te uru atu ki ngā kai kounga teitei, ki te whakangungu, ki te pūtea, me ngā mākete e whakanui ana i ngā tikanga pai.
Ētahi whai wāhitanga:
– Te mahi tahi me ngā wheketere miraka, ngā whare patu kararehe rānei, kia mārama ai ngā paerewa kounga.
– Te whakamana, te whakamana rānei i ngā tikanga pai (hei tauira, ngā paerewa oranga kararehe, ngā paerewa haumaru kai rānei) ka taea te whakapiki ake i te whakapono o te kaihoko.
– Te whakanui ake i ngā momo hua pēnei i te tongi rauropi, te hau koiora, ngā hua miraka rānei hei whakapakari i te manawanui ōhanga.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea ka taea te whakatutuki i te oranga tonutanga o te mahi pāmu kau i roto i te wā poto. He tukanga āta haere e hiahia ana kia huri te whakaaro: mai i te whakanui noa i te maha o ngā kararehe ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga, te hauora, me te uara tāpiri, me te tiaki tonu i te taiao me ngā hapori huri noa. Ko ngā mahi pēnei i te whakapai ake i te kounga o te whāngai, te whakahaere i te hauora me te whakaputa uri, te huri i te para ki te wairākau, ki te hau koiora rānei, te huri i te whāngai kararehe, te whai huatanga o te wai-pūngao, me te tuhi raraunga ka whai pānga kitea. Hei whakamutunga, ko te mahi pāmu kau oranga tonutanga he mahi e hua mai ai he hua mō te wā roa, e whakaputa kai kounga ana, ā, e tiaki ana i te taiao mō ngā reanga kei te heke mai.
