Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi puna ika tauwhiro
Pendahuluan
He puna ataahua, he puna marino hoki ngā puna ika i roto i tō māra, engari he mea nui ake, ka taea e rātou te tautoko i te oranga tonutanga o te taiao mēnā ka tika te hoahoa me te whakahaere. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā mahi me ngā mātāpono mō te waihanga i tētahi puna ika oranga tonutanga. Ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā ariā hoahoa e pai ana ki te taiao, te whiriwhiri rauemi, te whakahaere wai, me te pupuri i tētahi pūnaha rauropi taiao kia kore ai tō puna ika e ataahua anake engari hei kāinga mō ngā momo ora.
1. Kōwhiria te Wāhi Tika
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te waihanga i tētahi puna ika pumau ko te whiriwhiri i te wāhi tika. Whakaarohia ēnei āhuatanga i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi wāhi:
– Te Wāhi ki te Rā: Me whiwhi ngā roto ika i te iti rawa o te 4-6 hāora o te rā tika hei tautoko i te tipu o ngā tipu wai e hiahiatia ana e ngā ika me ētahi atu rauropi.
– Te Paripari Whenua: Mā te whakamahi i te whenua paripari pakupaku ka āwhina i te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha rere wai tūturu. Āta karohia ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te waipuke, e te nui rawa rānei o te wai ua e rere ana.
– Te Tawhiti mai i ngā Rākau Nui: Kaua e whakanoho i te puna kaukau kia tata rawa ki ngā rākau nunui kia kore ai e raru ngā pakiaka ka kino te arai o te puna kaukau me te putunga rau ka pā ki te kounga o te wai.
2. Hoahoa Kaukau Ā-Taiao
Me whai whakaaro te hoahoa roto e pai ana mō te taiao ki te taurite o te rauropi. Ko ngā mahi matua ko:
– Rahi me te Āhua: Hoahoahia he roto me ngā hōhonutanga rerekē. Ko te hōhonutanga pai ko te 0,5 ki te 1,5 mita. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā ika te kaukau me te huna.
– Rohe Taha Wai: Waihangatia he rohe taha ngawari ki ngā tipu wai pērā i te hākinita wai, te papyrus, te rōhi rānei, hei āwhina i te mimiti i ngā matūkai nui, hei whakaruruhau hoki mō ngā ika me ngā invertebrates.
– Papatūānuku Taiao: Whakamahia te onepu matotoru, te kirikiri, me ngā toka hei papatūānuku mō tō roto. Ka āwhina tēnei i te tātari taiao, ā, ka whakarato i tētahi kāinga tūturu ake mō ngā ika me ētahi atu rauropi.
3. Kōwhiria ngā rauemi e pai ana mō te taiao
He mea nui anō hoki te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi hei pupuri i te pumau o tō puna ika:
– Ārai Kaukau: Whakamahia he arai EPDM, he PVC rānei, he pakari, he pai hoki mō te taiao hei raro i te puna kaukau hei ārai i ngā turuturu.
– Whakapaipai me te Hanganga: Whakamahia ngā rauemi taiao pērā i ngā kōhatu o te rohe, te rākau tāwharau, me ngā tipu wai hei whakapaipai. Kaua e whakamahi i te kirihou, i ngā rauemi horihori rānei ka poke i te wai o te roto.
4. Pūnaha Whakahaere Wai Whai Hua
Ko te wai te mea ora matua o te roto. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakahaere wai mohio:
– Te Tohanga o te Wai: Tāutahia he papu wai penapena-pūngao kia pai ai te tohanga o te wai. Ka āwhina te tohanga ki te tohatoha i te hāora me te whakaiti i te hanga rimurimu.
– Tātari Taiao: Whakamahia he huinga o ngā tipu wai, ngā tātari koiora, me ngā tātari ā-ringa hei pupuri i te ma o te wai. Ko ngā tipu wai pērā i te rōhi me te hākinite wai he tātari koiora taiao, e mimiti ana i ngā matūkai nui.
– Kohikohi Wai Ua: Whakamahia he pūnaha kohikohi wai ua hei whakakī i tō roto. Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga o te wai māori anake, engari ka nui ake te wai taurite matū mō te pūnaha rauropi o tō roto.
5. Te Kōwhiri me te Tiaki Ika
He mea nui te whiriwhiri ika tika me te tiaki pai kia ora ai te puna:
– Ngā Momo Ika o te Rohe: Kōwhiria ngā ika o te rohe kua taunga ki ngā āhuatanga o te rohe. Ko te ika koura (Cyprinus carpio), te koi, te tilapia rānei (Oreochromis niloticus) ētahi o ngā kōwhiringa pai.
– Taupori Taurite: Kaua e whakakī rawa i ngā ika. Ka taea e te kīkī rawa te arahi ki ngā raruraru maha, pērā i te kohikohi para me te korenga o te hāora.
– Te Whakahaere i ngā Pepeke: Mā te aro turuki i ngā roto i ia wā mō ngā pepeke me ngā mate. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kaipahua tūturu pērā i ngā ika kai torongū namu (Gambusia spp.) ka āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā taupori namu.
6. Te Tiaki i te Pūnaha Taiao
Ko tētahi puna ika pumau he puna e kaha ana ki te pupuri i tōna pūnaha rauropi i roto i te taiao me te iti noa o te wawaotanga a te tangata:
– Ngā Tipu Wai: Tiakina te whānuitanga o ngā tipu wai hei whakarei ake i te kanorau koiora. He wāhi whakaputa uri, he wāhi whakaruruhau hoki ngā tipu wai mō ngā ika.
– Te Whakahaere i ngā Matūkai: Kaua e whakatōkia rawa te rohe huri noa i te puna. Mā te nui rawa o ngā matūkai ka tipu te rimurimu kāore e taea te whakahaere.
– Te Whakahaere i te Rimu: Whakahaeretia te rimu mā te whakamahi i ngā tipu wai e whakataetae ana ki te rimu mō ngā matūkai. Ka āwhina anō hoki te whakauru i ngā ika kai rimu pērā i te plecostomus spp.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea ka tāpiri noa i te ataahua ki te taiao e karapoti ana te waihanga i tētahi puna ika pumau, engari ka whai wāhi hoki ki te taurite o te pūnaha rauropi o te rohe. Mā te hoahoa i tētahi puna e whai whakaaro ana ki te māramatanga tika, te hohonutanga, ngā tipu wai, me ngā taupori ika, me te whakahaere i te wai me te rimurimu maori, ka taea e koe te waihanga i tētahi nohonga hauora me te taiao. Ko te huri i tētahi puna ika tuku iho hei puna ika pumau me whai kaha me te whakapau kaha, engari ka nui ake te hua mōu me te taiao.
Tohutoro
– Ward, A. (2016). Ngā Puna Taiao: Me pēhea te waihanga i tētahi Puna Pānga-iti. Ngā Whakaputanga Greenleaf.
– Jones, T. (2019). Te Tiaki Ika Tauwhiro. Eco-Ora Pūrongo Press.
– Smith, L. (2021). Te Whakahaere Puna mō te Ao Tūroa. NatureWorks.
Ko te tumanako ka āwhina ēnei tohutohu i a koe ki te hoahoa me te hanga i tētahi puna ika e kore e ataahua anake, engari e tautoko ana hoki i te pumau me te taurite o te rauropi taiao.
