Ngā Tikanga Whakatipu Mango Arumanis
Ko te māngo reka (e kiia ana ko te "harum manis") he momo māngo tino pai ki Initonīhia nā tōna reka, tōna kakara kaha, tōna kiko matotoru, me ōna muka angiangi. Nā te pumau o te tono mākete—mō te kai hou me te kai tukatuka—ka waiho te whakatipu māngo reka hei mahi whai hua pea. Heoi, ko te whakatutuki i ngā hua nui me te kounga pai o ngā hua me whai tikanga whakatipu tika, mai i te whiriwhiri purapura ki te whakahaere i muri i te kotinga.
1. Ngā Āhuatanga Whakatipu mō ngā Mango Arumanis
Ko te angitu o te whakatipu kai ka tino whakatauhia e ngā āhuatanga ahuwhenua me te āhuarangi. Ka tupu pai ngā māngo reka i ngā āhuarangi pārūrū me te wā maroke motuhake hei whakaoho i te pua. Ka tupu pai i ngā teitei o te 0–500 mita i runga ake i te taumata o te moana, ahakoa ka taea te whakatipu i ngā teitei ake me te urutau. Ko te pāmahana pai kei waenga i te 24–32°C me te ua ngawari. Ko te oneone pai rawa atu he oneone paru, momona, he pai te rerenga wai me te pH tata ki te 5,5–7,5. Me karo i te waipuke, nā te mea ka taea te pirau pakiaka me te whakaiti i te tipu.
2. Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Kākano Pai Rawa
Ko ngā tipu te tūāpapa o te māra. Kōwhiria ngā tipu mai i te whakatipu tipu (tāpiri, pihi, whakarārangi rānei) nā te mea ka tere ake te hua, ā, he rite ake ki te tipu matua pai ake. He pakari ngā kakau o ngā tipu pai, he rau matomato hou, he pakiaka hauora, kāore he pepeke, he mate rānei, ā, nō tētahi pūtake pono. Mō te pihi, kia kaha te pūwāhi hononga, kia tino honoa. Ko te tikanga, kua rite ngā tipu ki te whakato ina 6–12 marama te pakeke, ā, tata ki te 60–100 cm te teitei, i runga i te āhua o te whare whakatipu.
3. Te Whakarite Whenua me te Whakatipu Oneone
I mua i te whakatō, me whakawātea te whenua i ngā taru me ngā toenga tipu. Mena he pari te whenua, hangaia he papa, he pukepuke rānei hei whakaiti i te horo. Mā te parau whenua ka pai ake te rere o te hau, ā, ka āwhina i te whanaketanga o ngā pakiaka. Me whakarite kia pai te rerenga wai, inā koa i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te waipuke.
Keria he poka whakato e 60x60x60 cm te rahi, 80x80x80 cm rānei te rahi i roto i te oneone kāore i te momona. Wehea te oneone o runga kua keria mai i te oneone o raro. Whakaranua te oneone o runga ki te whakawairakau kua pakeke (10–20 kg mō ia poka) ka tāpirihia he wairākau, he mea rauropi rānei. Mena he waikawa rawa te pH, pania he raima ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana. He pai ake te waiho i te poka whakato mō te 1–2 wiki i mua i te whakato kia marara ai ngā hau paitini, kia tau ai te oneone.
4. Te Tawhiti Whakatō me te Tauira Whakatō
Ka pā te tawhiti whakatō ki te kaha o te mārama, te rere o te hau, me te ngāwari o te tiaki. Mō ngā māngo reka, ko te tawhiti noa he 8x8 m, 10x10 m rānei, i runga i te momona o te oneone me te pūnaha tapahi. Mō ngā wāhi iti, mō ngā pūnaha whakatō kaha rānei, ka taea te whakaiti i te tawhiti mā te whakahaere tika i te tuanui. Ka taea te tapawhā, te tapatoru rānei ngā tauira whakatō, i runga i te āhua o te whenua me te hoahoa o te māra.
5. Ngā Tikanga Whakatō
Me whakatō i te tīmatanga o te wā ua kia nui ai te wai e whiwhi ai ngā tipu hei urutau. Tangohia marietia te putea maha kia kore ai e kino ngā pakiaka. Whakanohoia te tipu ki waenganui o te poka, me te kaki pakiaka kia rite ki te mata o te oneone. Whakakīia ki te ranunga o te oneone momona me te tongi rauropi, kātahi ka whakakīia mārire kia tū tika ai te tipu. Waihangahia he kōpae (whakahōhonu) huri noa i te tipu hei kohi wai. Tāutahia he pou (tautoko) mēnā he hau te wāhi. Whai muri i te whakatō, whakamakukuhia kia tika.
6. Tiaki: Te whakamakuku, te tango otaota, me te whakapūkara
I ngā wāhanga tōmua (0–2 tau), me whakamakuku pinepine ake, inā koa i te wā maroke. Kia nui ngā tipu, ka whakatikatikahia te whakamakuku kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi me te makuku o te oneone. Me mahi tonu te tango taru hei ārai i a rātou kei whakataetae mō ngā matūkai, ā, kei noho hei wāhi noho mō ngā pepeke. Mā te paninga o te papaki waro (he kakau witi, he rau maroke, he komipara matotoru) huri noa i te kōpae whakato ka taea te pupuri i te makuku, te pehi i ngā taru, me te tāpiri i ngā mea waro i a ia e pirau ana. Heoi, kaua e pania te papaki tika ki te kakau hei ārai i te makuku nui, ka taea ai te whakararu i te mate.
7. Te Whakatōtika hei Whakatipu me te Whakaputa
Me taurite te whakatōnga i waenga i ngā matūkai nui me ngā matūkai moroiti. I te wā tipu, he nui ake te hiahia ki te hauota (N) hei whakatenatena i te tipu o ngā rau me ngā manga. I te wā whakaputa uri (te puāwaitanga me te hanganga hua), me nui ake te hiahia o ngā tipu ki te whākawa (P) me te pāhare pākawa (K) hei tautoko i te kounga o te pua, te hua, me te reka.
Me whakamahi te tongi rauropi i te iti rawa kotahi, e rua rānei i te tau hei whakapai ake i te hanganga o te oneone. Ka taea te whakamahi mārire i te tongi kore-rauropi i runga i te pakeke o te tipu. Ko te kaupapa matua he whakamahi i ngā horopeta iti, auau ake ki ngā tipu taitamariki, kātahi ka whakanuia i te pakeketanga me te rahi o te karauna. Me whakamahi te tongi i roto i te nekehanga porowhita i raro i te karauna (te rohe pakiaka hohe), kātahi ka hipokina ki te oneone ka whakamakuku. Ki te taea, whakahaerehia he tātaritanga oneone mō te horopeta tika me te whai hua.
8. Te Tapahi me te Whakaritenga o te Pane
He mea nui te tapahi i roto i te whakatipu i ngā māngo reka. Ko tōna kaupapa he hanga i te anga o te tipu, he whakapai ake i te urunga o te mārama, he whakaiti i te makuku o te tihi (he pehi i te mate), me te whakaoho i te pua me te hua.
Ka mahia te tapahi āhua i te wā e taitamariki ana te tipu, ka tīpakohia kia 3–4 ngā peka matua kaha, horapa ōrite. Me tapatapahi ngā peka e tupu ana ki roto, e whiti ana, e matotoru rawa ana, e kore rānei e hua. I muri i te kotinga, me tapatapahi tonu hei tango i ngā manga maroke me ngā peka mate, ā, me whakapoto i ngā peka roa rawa. Me ma ngā patunga kua tapahia, ā, mō te tapahi nui, ka taea te pania te tiaki patunga (hei tauira, te patu harore) mēnā e tika ana.
9. Whakaoho Puawai (Te Wā Kore)
Ko tētahi o ngā kī ki te whakatipu māngo whai hua ko te kaha ki te whakahaere i te wā hauhake. Ka taea te whakaoho i ngā māngo reka kia puāwai i ngā wā motuhake mā te whakahaere wai, te tapahi, me te whakamahi i ngā mea whakatikatika tipu tipu e ai ki te taunakitanga. Ko ngā tikanga noa ko te ahotea wai (te whakaiti i te whakainu) ki ngā tipu pakari, hauora, ā, muri iho ka whakamakuku me te whakawairakau hei whakaoho i te puāwai. Heoi, me āta whakamahi i ngā tikanga o waho o te wā kia kore ai e ngoikore te tipu. Me whakamahi ngā matū whakaoho (mēnā e whakamahia ana) kia rite ki te horopeta, ngā wā tono, me ngā ture haumaru.
10. Te Whakahaere i ngā Pepeke me ngā Mate Whakauru (IPM)
Ko te IPM e aro nui ana ki te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga taiao. Ko ngā pepeke e whakaeke pinepine ana i ngā māngo ko ngā namu hua, ngā pepeke kakau, ngā pepeke mealybug, ngā thrips, me ngā anuhe. Ko ngā mate noa ko te anthracnose, te paura harore, me te pirau hua. Ka tutuki te aukati mā te horoi i ngā māra hua (te kohikohi i ngā hua kua hinga me ngā wāhi e pāngia ana), te tapahi kia pai ai te rere o te hau, te whakatōtika taurite, me te whakamahi i ngā mahanga namu hua (hei tauira, te methyl eugenol). He whai hua hoki te takai hua ki te tiaki i ngā pepeke me te whakapai ake i te āhua o te kiri hua.
Mena he nui ngā whakaekenga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke me te whakaaro nui: me te arotahi tika, te horopeta tika, te wā tika, me te aro ki te wā i mua i te kotinga. He mea nui te huri i ngā kai hohe hei ārai i te ātete. He huarahi kē atu anō hoki te whakamahi i ngā kaihoko koiora, i ngā patu pepeke koiora rānei.
11. Te whakangawari me te takai i ngā hua
Mō ngā tipu he nui ngā hua, me whakaiti te rahi kia ōrite ai te rahi o ngā hua, kia pai ake ai hoki te kounga. Ka taea e te nui rawa o ngā hua te whakararuraru, te whara, me te whakararu i te mate. Whai muri i te whakaiti i te rahi, takaihia ngā hua ki te pepa motuhake, ki ngā putea kakahu, ki ngā putea kirihou poka rānei, e ai ki ngā tikanga ā-rohe. Mā te takai ka whakaiti i ngā namu hua, ngā ira mate, me te pānga tika ki ngā patu pepeke, me te whakapai ake hoki i te āhua o ngā hua.
12. Te Kotinga me te Muri i te Kotinga
Ko te tikanga, ka tīmata te hua o ngā māngo reka i te 3–5 tau te pakeke mēnā ka whakatipuria mā te tipu me te tiaki tika. Ka mahia te hauhake ina tae te hua ki te pakeketanga ā-tinana—e tohuhia ana e te rahi rawa, te huringa tae kiri, me te kakara. Me mahi te hauhake mā te whakamahi i ngā kutikuti tapahi me te pupuri i te kakau hua, kātahi ka tangohia te wai hei ārai i ngā ira i runga i te kiri.
Ko te tukatuka i muri i te kotinga ko te whakarōpūtanga (te wehewehe i ngā hua hapa), te horoi, te takai, me te rokiroki. Ka rongoatia ngā hua ki tētahi wāhi hauhautanga, he pai te hauhautanga. Mā te whakahaere tupato ka whakaiti i te marutanga, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te rokiroki. Mō te hokohoko, mā te takai ma, ōrite hoki ka piki ake te uara hoko.
Te Katinga
He maha ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana hei whakatipu māngo reka: te whiriwhiri i ngā purapura pai, te whakahaere tika i te whenua, te whakatōtika taurite, te tapahi auau, te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate urutā, me te whakahaere tika i te hauhake me te hauhake. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakatipu tika me te whai tikanga, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakatutuki i ngā hua nui, ngā hua kounga teitei, me te whakawhānui ake i ngā whai wāhitanga mākete. Ehara i te mea he hua rongonui noa ngā māngo reka, engari he puna moni pumau hoki ina whakahaerea tika.
