Te Whakahaere i ngā Pepeke mā te Whakamahi i ngā Pheromones: He Otinga Ā-Taiao
Whakaari
I ngā tekau tau tata nei, kua noho ngā pepeke ahuwhenua hei take nui e pā ana ki ngā kaimahi pāmu me ngā tohunga ahuwhenua puta noa i te ao. Ko ngā pepeke pēnei i ngā pepeke, ngā nematode, me ngā kiore ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i ngā hua o te hua engari ka taea hoki te whakararu i te ōhanga. Ahakoa he whai hua ki te whakahaere i ngā pepeke, he maha ngā pānga kino o te whakamahinga o ngā patu pepeke matū ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata. I te mea kua piki haere te mōhiotanga ki te hiranga o ngā mahi ahuwhenua pumau, kei te arohia ngā tikanga whakahaere pepeke e pai ake ana ki te taiao. Ko tētahi o aua tikanga ko te whakamahinga o ngā pheromones hei whakahaere i ngā taupori pepeke.
He aha ngā Pheromone?
Ko ngā pheromones he matū e hangaia ana, e tukuna ana hoki e ngā kararehe hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ētahi atu o ō rātou momo. I roto i te horopaki o ngā pepeke, he taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tino whai hua ngā pheromones, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā kaupapa maha, tae atu ki te kimi kai, te whakatū rohe, me te kimi hoa mō te whakaputa uri. He pheromones motuhake tō ia momo pepeke, ā, he tino motuhake ngā urupare ki ēnei pheromones.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Pheromones i roto i te Whakahaere Pest
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā pheromones hei whakahaere i ngā pepeke e ahu mai ana i te kaupapa o te whakahaere i ngā whanonga o ngā pepeke e whāia ana. He maha ngā rautaki whakamahi pheromones kua whakamātauhia he whai hua hei whakahaere i ngā taupori pepeke, tae atu ki:
1. Te hopu (te hopu)
Ko tēnei tikanga he whakamahi i ngā mahanga kei roto ngā pheromones ira tangata hei kukume i ngā pepeke tāne. Ina tomo ngā tāne ki ngā mahanga, ka mau rātou, ā, kāore e taea te mawhiti. Ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā tāne i roto i te taiao, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā whai wāhitanga mō ngā uwha ki te whakamomona me te whānau hua.
2. Te Whakararuraru i te Whakaipoipo
Ko te whāinga o tēnei tikanga he huna i ngā tohu pheromone tūturu e tukuna ana e ngā pepeke uwha, kia uaua ai te kimi hoa mō ngā tāne. Ka tutuki tēnei mā te hora i te nui o ngā pheromone hangai puta noa i te taiao, ka whakapoauau i ngā tāne, ā, ka ārai i a rātou ki te kimi i ngā uwha hei moepuku.
3. Te Whakahekenga o te Taupori (Te Hopu Papatipu)
I tēnei tikanga, ka whakamahia ngā mahanga kei roto he pheromone i roto i te tini hei hopu i te tini o ngā pepeke. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te taupori pepeke tēnei tikanga, engari ka āwhina hoki ki te aroturuki i te whanaketanga o te taupori pepeke.
4. Te Aroturuki
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pheromones hei taputapu aroturuki hei kite i te aroaro me te matotoru o ngā taupori pepeke. Ka whakatakotoria ngā mahanga pheromones ki ngā mara ahuwhenua, ā, ka tirohia i ia wā hei whakatau i te wā e hiahiatia ana ngā wawaotanga whakahaere pepeke. Mā tēnei aroturuki ka taea ngā mahi whakahaere tere ake, motuhake ake hoki.
Ngā Painga o te Whakamahi i ngā Pheromones
1. He pai mō te taiao
He matū tino motuhake ngā pheromones e pā ana ki te momo ūnga anake, nō reira kāore he pānga kino ki te taiao, ki ngā momo kāore i te ūnga. He rerekē rawa tēnei ki te whakamahinga whānui o ngā patu pepeke matū, he mea whakangaro i ngā pūnaha rauropi.
2. Haumaru mō te Tangata
Nā te mea he matū tūturu ngā pheromones, ā, he iti noa te kukū o te whakamahinga, he haumaru mō te tangata me ngā mōkai. Kāore he mōrearea o te pānga ki ngā paitini, ki ngā toenga matū rānei, he mea nui tēnei e pā ana ki ngā patupatu matū.
3. Whai hua mō te wā roa
Mā te whakamahinga o ngā pheromones ka taea te pehi i te taupori pepeke mō te wā roa mā te whakararuraru i tā rātou huringa whakaputa uri. Mā te whakaiti i te maha o ngā pepeke mā te whakararuraru i te moepuku, mā te whakamahi rānei i ngā mōunu, ka taea te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā tono patupatu auau.
4. Kōwhiringa
Nā te mea he motuhake ngā pheromones, kāore e whakararuraru i ngā taupori pepeke whai hua, pērā i ngā kaipahua tūturu, i ngā kaiwhakapūhui rānei. Mā tēnei ka mau tonu te taurite o te pūnaha rauropi, ā, ka tautoko hoki i te kanorau koiora.
Ngā ngoikoretanga o te whakamahi i ngā pheromones
Ahakoa ōna painga maha, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki kei te whakamahinga o ngā pheromones me whai whakaaro tātou ki ēnei:
1. Ngā Utu Tīmatanga Teitei
He nui te utu mō te hanga me te tohatoha i ngā pheromones hangai, ā, he nui rawa atu pea tēnei mō ngā kaimahi pāmu iti he iti noa iho ā rātou rauemi. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka ea ēnei utu mā te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā patu pepeke me te pikinga ake o ngā hua o te hua i te wā roa.
2. Te motuhaketanga
Ahakoa he painga te motuhaketanga mō te karo i ngā pānga ki ngā momo kāore i te whainga, ko te tikanga anō hoki he whai hua anake ngā pheromones ki ētahi momo pepeke. Nō reira, kāore pea tēnei tikanga e kapi i ngā momo pepeke katoa e whakaeke ana i ngā hua.
3. Me whai mātauranga me ngā pūkenga
Ko te whakamahinga o te pheromone me mōhio ki te koiora me ngā āhuatanga taiao o te pepeke e pā ana. He mea nui te whakatakotoranga tika o ngā mahanga me ngā taputapu tohatoha pheromone kia whai hua ai, ā, me whai whakangungu me ngā pūkenga motuhake.
Te Whakatinanatanga i te Marae
Kua angitu te whakamahinga o ngā pheromones hei patu i ngā pepeke i ngā wāhi maha o te ao. Hei tauira, i Īnia, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pheromones hei patu i ngā pepeke miro. I ngā whenua Pākehā, ka whakamahia ngā pheromones hei patu i ngā pepeke māra hua rākau, pērā i te patu i ngā pūrerehua aporo. I te Hononga o Amerika, kua whakamahia ngā pheromones hei patu i te kānga me ngā momo hua māra.
Ko tētahi tauira nui ko te whakamahinga o ngā pheromones hei whakahaere i te pūrerehua noke ope taua (Spodoptera frugiperda), he pepeke nui o te kānga i roto i te maha o ngā whenua o Āwherika. Mā te whakamahi i ngā mahanga pheromone ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te aroturuki me te whakahaere i tēnei taupori pepeke me te kore e kino ki te taiao.
Whakamutunga
He otinga auaha, he otinga pai hoki mō te taiao ngā pheromones mō te whakahaere i ngā pepeke ahuwhenua. Mā te whakamahi i te whakawhitiwhiti matū taiao i waenga i ngā pepeke, ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i tō tātou whakawhirinaki ki ngā patu pepeke matū, me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ahuwhenua tauwhiro ake. Heoi, me whai tonu ngā mahi rangahau me te whanaketanga hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pheromone. He mea nui hoki te tautoko mai i ngā kāwanatanga me ngā umanga rangahau hei whakawhānui ake i te whakamahinga o tēnei tikanga i waenga i ngā kaimahi pāmu.
Mēnā ka tika te huarahi, ka taea e ngā pheromones te noho hei wāhanga nui o tētahi rautaki whakahaere riha whakauru, hei āwhina i a tātou ki te tiaki i ngā hua, i te taiao, me te hauora o te tangata.
