Ngā Tohutohu mō te Māra Rōpere Angitu
He hua rongonui ngā rōpere nā te reka, te whakahauora, te kakara motuhake, me te āhua ataahua. Kāore he mea miharo he kōwhiringa whai hua te māra rōpere, mō te mahi kāinga me ngā pakihi iti ki te rahi. Ahakoa te āhua māmā, he tino motuhake ngā whakaritenga whakatipu mō ngā rōpere. Mā ngā hapa—mai i te whiriwhiri purapura, te pūtake whakato, tae atu ki te tiaki—ka kore e tino pai ngā hua. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā tohutohu nui mō te māra rōpere angitu, mai i te whakarite ki te hauhake me te whai muri i te hauhake.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā hiahia taketake o ngā tipu rōpere
Ko te tikanga, ka tino pai te tipu o ngā rōpere i ngā pāmahana matao me te pai o te rere o te hau. I ngā whenua teitei, ka taea e ngā rōpere te whakaputa hua ake i ngā wā katoa nā te mea he pai ake te pāmahana. Heoi, ehara i te mea kāore e taea te whakatipu rōpere i ngā whenua papaku. Ko te mea nui ko te whakahaere i te taiao whakatipu: te whiriwhiri i ngā momo urutau, te whakarite i te māramatanga e tika ana, te pupuri i te haumākū, me te whakaiti i te ahotea wera. E 6–8 hāora te roa o te rā e hiahiatia ana e ngā rōpere, engari i te wera nui, ka taea e te kupenga whakamarumaru te āwhina ki te ārai i te wera rau me te hinga o te pua.
Hei tāpiri, kāore ngā rōpere e pai ki te wai nui. Ka pirau ngā pakiaka rōpere mēnā he mākū rawa te oneone. Nō reira, he mea nui te rerenga wai hei angitu. Ki te whakatō koe ki roto i te kohua, kia tika ngā kōhao rerenga wai. Ki te whakatō koe ki roto i te moenga teitei, kia teitei ake te moenga, ā, whakamahia he papaki hei pupuri i te makuku.
2. Kōwhiria ngā momo me ngā purapura kounga teitei
Ko te kī tuatahi ki te angitu ka tīmata i ngā purapura. Kōwhiria he purapura hauora, kāore he mate mai i ngā tipu matua whai hua. Ka taea te tiki purapura rōpere mai i ngā wana (ngā kaitahuri/ngā stolon), te whakatipu kiko, ngā tipu kua rite ki te whakatō rānei mai i tētahi kaiwhakatipu rongonui. Ko ngā purapura pai he rau matomato hou, kāore he ira, he kakau pakari, ā, he nui ngā pakiaka.
Whakaarohia hoki te momo. He tino reka ētahi momo, he ātete ki te mate, ā, he pai ētahi mō ngā āhuarangi motuhake. Mena kei te tīmata koe, whiriwhiria he momo kua whakamātauhia he urutau ki tō rohe. He mea pai hoki te pātai ki ngā kaimahi pāmu o te rohe, ki ngā kaihoko purapura rānei mō te pai o te momo i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te rohe.
3. Whakaritea te oneone whakato pai rawa atu
Me mārō, me momona, me pūwero hoki te oneone whakatipu rōpere. Ko te ranunga noa ko te oneone humus, te wairākau kua pakeke, me te kiri raihi kua tahuna, te pīni koko rānei hei whakapai ake i te rere o te hau. Ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā ōwehenga, engari ko te mātāpono matua kia kaua e whakakīkītia te oneone, engari me pai te rere o te wai.
Ko te pH oneone tino pai mō ngā rōpere he paku waikawa, mai i te 5,5 ki te 6,5. Mēnā he teitei rawa te pH, ka raru pea te mimiti o ētahi matūkai. Mēnā he tino waikawa rawa te oneone, ka taea rānei te whakamahi i te dolomite, te tāpiri rānei i ngā mea rauropi hei āwhina i te pumau o te pH me te whakapai ake i te momona.
I mua i te whakatō, kia tino maoa te wairākau hei ārai i te wera nui me te kino o ngā pakiaka. Mā te oneone pai ka tere te tupu o ngā pakiaka, ka hua ake he tipu kaha ake, he ātete ki ngā mate, ā, kua pai ake te rite mō te wā pua.
4. Tikanga whakato tika
I te whakatō rōpere, kia tūpato ki te tūranga o te karauna o te tipu. Ko te karauna te wāhi e tūtaki ai ngā pakiaka me te kākano. Ki te tanumia te karauna ki te hohonu rawa, ka pirau te tipu; ki te teitei rawa, ka maroke ngā pakiaka. Ko te mea pai, me noho te karauna ki runga ake i te mata o te oneone whakatipu.
Whakatikatikahia te tawhiti whakatō kia pai ai te rere o te hau. Mēnā ka whakatōkia tata rawa tetahi ki tetahi, ka piki ake te haumākū, ā, ka horapa ngāwari ngā mate harore. Mō ngā moenga teitei, ka taea te whakarerekē i te tawhiti i waenga i ngā tipu i runga i te momo, engari i te nuinga o te wā, kaua ngā tipu e tata rawa ki tetahi ki tetahi kia māmā ake ai te tiaki me te hauhake.
5. Te whakamakuku: he rawaka, he auau, ā, kaua e nui rawa
Me whai makuku tonu ngā rōpere. Me whakamakuku i te ata kia maroke ai ngā rau, kia iti ake ai te tūponotanga o te harore. Kaua e whakamakuku rawa i ngā rau, inā koa ka tīmata te puāwai me te hua o ngā tipu. Ki te taea, whakamahia he pūnaha whakamakuku maturuturu, he wai rānei tika ki runga i te papa, kaua ki ngā rau.
Ko te ture tino haumaru ko te tirotiro i te oneone: ki te tīmata te maroke o te tihi, me whakainu iti noa. I te wā ua, kia tupato ki te rerenga wai kia kore ai e pupū te wai. I te wā maroke, ka taea te whakanui ake i te auau o te whakainu, engari karohia te makuku rawa.
6. Whakatōtika taurite mō ngā hua reka, matotoru hoki
Ko te kī ki te whakaputa pai o ngā rōpere ko te whakatōtika taurite. I te wā tipu (te tipu o te rau me te pakiaka), me nui te hauota e hiahiatia ana e ngā tipu, engari kaua e nui rawa, nā te mea ka hua ake te tipu nui engari he uaua ki te whakaputa hua. I te wā whakaputa uri (te puāwaitanga me te hua), ka piki ake te hiahia ki te whākawa me te pāhare pāporo hei tautoko i te hanganga o te pua, hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua, hei whakapakari hoki i te tipu.
Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā maniua rauropi pērā i te wairākau, te paru kua pakeke, te maniua wai rauropi rānei hei pūtake. Hei whakanui ake i ngā hua, ka tāpirihia e ētahi māra he iti noa te nui o te maniua NPK, kia rite ki te pakeke o te tipu me te āhua o te oneone whakatipu. He mea nui, kaua e nui rawa te maniua, nā te mea ka wera te pakiaka, ka whakaiti rānei i te reka o te hua.
7. Te horoi i te paru me te māra
Ko te whakatō mulch tētahi o ngā mea ngaro ki te māra rōpere angitu. Mā te kakau witi, te kirihou, te whakatō rauropi rānei ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te makuku o te oneone, ka pehi i ngā taru kino, ā, ko te mea nui, ka ārai i te pa o ngā hua ki te oneone. Ko ngā hua e pā ana ki te oneone ka ngawari ake ki te paru, ki te makuku, ā, ka tere ake te pirau.
Haunga te whakatō i te oneone, he mea nui te akuaku o te māra. Tangohia ngā rau tawhito, ngā rau kōwhai, ngā putiputi pirau, ngā hua pakaru rānei, kia kore ai e waiho hei pūtake mate. Whakamahia he taputapu ma i te wā e tapatapahi ana. Mā te pai o te rere o te hau me te māra ma ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā mate harore pērā i te pirau hua me te ira rau.
8. Whakahaerehia ngā stolon (ngā kaihoe) kia arotahi te tipu ki te whakaputa hua.
Ka puta mai i ngā rōpere ngā stolon, arā, ngā angaanga, hei hanga wana. Mō te whakaputa hua, me whakahaere ngā stolon. Ki te kore e whakahaerea, ka huri te kaha o te tipu, ka iti ake, ka iti iho rānei ngā hua. Tapatapahia ngā stolon i ia wā, kia arotahi ai ngā matūkai ki te hanganga o te pua me te hua.
Heoi, ki te mea ko tāu whāinga he whakatipu tipu hou, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tipu stolon. Tīpakohia ngā tipu matua hauora, hua, ka whakatō ki roto i ngā momo ipu motuhake. Mā tēnei, ka taea e koe te whiwhi tipu hou me te kore e hoko i ētahi hou.
9. Te matapae i ngā pepeke me ngā mate
Ko ngā pepeke e pā pinepine ana ki ngā rōpere ko ngā aphids, ngā thrips, ngā anuhe, me ngā mites. Ko ngā mate noa ko ngā harore e pirau ai ngā hua, te paura harore, me ngā ira rau. He pai ake te ārai i te rongoā, nō reira me mahi i ngā mahi pēnei i:
– Kia ma te māra, kaua e tino makuku.
– Whakatikatikahia te tawhiti whakatō, ka kutikuti i ngā rau matotoru kia pai ai te rere o te hau.
– Whakamahia he mahanga pepeke, he patupatu otaota rānei (hei tauira, mai i te neem, te kāriki, te rēmana rānei) mēnā he iti noa te pānga.
– Tirohia ngā tipu i ia wā, i ia wā, kia kitea wawe ai ngā raruraru.
Mena he nui te whakaekenga, ka taea e koe te whakaaro ki te whakamahi i ngā patu pepeke e tika ana, engari whakamahia me te whakaaro nui, me te whai i te horopeta me te wā tatari mo te kotinga kia haumaru ai te kai.
10. Te hauhake i te wā tika me te whakahaere i muri i te hauhake
Me hauhake ngā rōpere ina whero ōrite te hua (kei te momo). Kaua e kukume rawa. Whakamahia he kutikuti, he toia rānei te kakau kia kore ai e whara. He pai ake te hauhake i te ata ina kore e tino wera te rangi, kia hou ake ai ngā hua, kia kore ai e memeha wawe.
I muri i te hauhake, rongoatia ngā rōpere ki tētahi wāhi matao. He ngāwari te pakaru o ngā rōpere nā te mea he angiangi te kiri, he nui hoki te wai. Kaua e whakarārangihia ngā rōpere ki te teitei rawa. Ki te hiahia koe ki te rongoa mō te wā roa, ka taea e koe te rongoa i roto i te pouaka whakamātao i roto i tētahi ipu poka, ka taea rānei te whakatakoto ki ngā tauera pepa hei mimiti i te makuku nui.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea ko te whakato me te tatari mō te kotinga anake te mahi angitu o te māra rōpere. He maha ngā mahi nui hei whakaaroaro: te whiriwhiri i ngā purapura pai, te whakarite i tētahi oneone whakato pūwero, te whakarite i te taurite o te whakainu me te whakamomona, te whakahaere i ngā stolon, te pupuri i te ma o te māra, me te aroturuki i ngā pepeke me ngā mate. Mēnā he tika, he auau hoki te tiaki, ka taea e ngā rōpere te waiho hei hua tino whai hua—hei kai tahi me tō whānau, hei whai wāhitanga pakihi whai hua hoki.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarite i tēnei tuhinga ki tētahi horopaki motuhake, pērā i te "rōpere whenua papaku," te "whakatipu rōpere i roto i te kohua," te "aratohu pakihi rōpere kāinga" rānei kia tino motuhake ake, kia tino whai kiko ake.
