Me pēhea te hanga i tāu ake whāngai kararehe
He mahi mohio te hanga i tāu ake kai kararehe mā ngā kaipāmu kararehe, mā te kāinga me te arumoni, hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa me te pupuri tonu i te kounga o te kai. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kai e wātea ana i te rohe, ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te hanga kai e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ā rātou kararehe, he hou ake, ā, ka taea te whakarite kia rite ki ō rātou tau me ō rātou whāinga whakatipu (te whakamomona, te whakaputa hua manu, te whakaputa miraka rānei). Heoi, me mōhio tonu ki te kai, ki te akuaku, me ngā tikanga whakaranu te hanga i tāu ake kai kia pai ai te haumaru me te whai hua.
He aha koe me hanga ai i tāu ake kai kararehe?
Ko ngā utu whāngai te nuinga o te wā e whakapaua ana e te mahi pāmu kararehe. Ko te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whāngai kua hangaia ka whakaraerae i ngā kaipāmu ki ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu me te wātea. Mā te whakaputa i ā rātou ake whāngai, ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te:
1. Penapenahia ngā utu nā te mea ka taea te hoko rarahi i ngā rauemi mata, te whakamahi rānei i ngā hua ahuwhenua.
2. Te whakahaere i te kounga — ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te whakarite kia kore te kai e pau te wā, kia kore e pokepokea ai, kia kore hoki e konatunatua ki ngā kai kāore e hiahiatia.
3. Whakatikatikahia te hanganga i runga i ngā hiahia o ngā kararehe i ētahi wāhanga tipu.
4. Whakamahia ngā rauemi o te rohe pērā i te parai, te kānga, te paru tōfu, te keke kokonati, ngā rau pīni, me ngā para huawhenua e tika ana mō te whakamahi.
Heoi anō, me tika te hanga o ngā kai i hangaia i te kāinga. Mēnā ka whakaranua noatia, ka iti pea te pūmua i roto i te kai, ka nui rawa te muka, ka kore rānei he kohuke, ā, ka mutu, ka whakaiti i te kaha o ngā kararehe.
Te Mārama ki ngā Hiahia Kai Taketake o te Kararehe
I te nuinga o te wā, me whakauru e te whāngai pai ētahi wāhanga matua:
– Pūngao: he puna pūngao mō te mahi me te tipu (hei tauira: kānga, manioka, pārera).
– Pūmua: he mea nui mō te tipu uaua, te whakaputa miraka/hua manu (hei tauira: paraoa pīni soya, paraoa kokonati, paraoa ika, paru tōfu).
– Muka: ka āwhina i te nakunaku, inā koa i roto i ngā kararehe ruminant pērā i te kau me te koati (hei tauira: tarutaru, kakau witi, rau).
– Ngā huaora me ngā kohuke: tautoko i te pākia o te tinana, te ātete o te tinana, me te hanganga wheua (hei tauira: te ranunga kohuke kua oti te whakarite, te tote, te paraoa wheua).
– Wai: he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia, ahakoa he mea tino nui mō te kai me te hauora o ngā kararehe.
He rerekē ngā hiahia o ia momo kararehe. He nui te pūngao me te pūmua e hiahiatia ana e ngā heihei parai hei tere tipu, ko ngā kau ruminantia ia e hiahia ana ki te muka e tika ana hei pupuri i te mahi a te rumen.
Te Whakatau i te Momo Whāngai: Maroke, Mākū, Whakapūpū rānei
I mua i te tīmatanga o te hanga kai, whakatauhia te āhua o te kai ka hangaia:
1. Whāngai maroke (paraoa parāoa, pirepire rānei)
He pai mō ngā heihei, ngā parera, me ētahi whāngai kukū mō ngā ruminantia. He roa ake te ora o te kararehe, he iti hoki te makuku.
2. Whāngai mākū
He ranunga o te parai, te paru tōfu, te kai matomato rānei me te wai iti. He pai ki ētahi kararehe, engari ka tere te pirau, nō reira me whāngai wawe tonu.
3. Kai whakapūkara
Mā te whakapūkara ka pai ake te nakunaku, ka whakaiti i te haunga, ka roa ake te ora o te kai, ā, ka taea te pehi i ngā matūkai kore-matūkai. He pai mō ngā manu ruminant, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei kai heihei rerekē me te tunu tika.
Ngā Kai o te Rohe e Whakamahia Ana
Anei ētahi o ngā kai rongonui me ā rātou mahi:
– Pāpaka raihi/pāpaka raihi: he puna pūngao me te iti o te pūmua, he ngāwari ki te tiki.
– Kānga whenua: he nui te pūngao, he tino pai mō te manu.
– Para kokonati/pīni soya: he puna pūmua huawhenua.
– Ngā para o te tōfu: he nui te pūmua engari ka tere te pirau (he pai ake te whakapūkara, te whakamahi tonu rānei).
– Paraoa ika: he nui te pūmua, ka āwhina i te tipu, engari me whakamahi āta kia kore ai e puta he haunga kaha.
– He puna pūngao te manioka/onggok, me tukatuka pai.
– Ngā kākāriki (tarutaru arewhana, rau lamtoro, indigofera): he puna muka me te pūmua mō ngā mea ruminantia.
– Ranunga kohuke + tote: ka āwhina i te taurite o ngā kohuke me te ārai i te korenga o ngā kohuke.
Kia kore he harore i roto i ngā kai katoa. Ka taea e te harore te whakaputa i ngā paitini kino i roto i te kai, ka heke ai te hiahia kai, ka kino te ate, tae atu ki te mate o ngā kararehe.
Ngā Taputapu Māmā mō te Hanga Whāngai
Kāore koe e hiahia ki ngā taputapu utu nui i te tīmatanga. Ko ētahi taputapu ka taea e koe te whakamahi:
– Ngā Tauine (kia ōrite ai te hanganga)
– Pākete nui, peihana ranu rānei
– He koko, he mea whakaoho rānei
– Mīhini huri (kāore he kōwhiringa, ki te hiahia koe kia māeneene)
– Mīhini pire (kāore he kōwhiringa, ki te hiahia koe ki ngā pire)
– Tāpaurini hei whakamaroke, hei rokiroki rangitahi rānei
Ko te mea matua ko te horoi i ngā taputapu kia kore ai e tere pirau te kai.
Ngā Hipanga hei Hanga i tāu Ake Whāngai Kararehe
1. Whakatauhia ngā whāinga kararehe me ngā whāinga tiaki
Ahakoa hei heihei parai, hei heihei whāngai, hei koati momona, hei kau miraka rānei, ka pāngia ngā hiahia o te pūmua me te pūngao e ngā momo mahi rerekē.
2. Waihangahia he tātai māmā
Tīmata ki tētahi tauira māmā me ngā kai e wātea ana. Whakakotahitia:
– Ngā pūtake pūngao (hei tauira, te kānga/te parai/te manioka)
– Pūtake pūmua (ngā para tōfu/para ika)
– Ngā kohuke me ngā huaora (whakaranu + tote)
Ki te taea, kōrero ki tētahi kaimahi toronga kararehe mō te tauira kai, whakamahia rānei tētahi tohutoro ranunga e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
3. Kia tino tika te kounga o te rauemi
Tirohia te kakara, te tae, me te kakano. Kaua e whakamahia ngā kai e kakara pirau ana, e ahua pūngāwerewere ana, e poke rānei.
4. Te tukanga whakamahine me te ine
Hurihia ngā kai matotoru kia māmā ake ai te whakaranu kia ōrite. Kātahi ka paunatia ia kai kia rite ki tōna hanganga.
5. Whakaranua mai i te iti ki te rahi
Hei whakaranu ōrite, whakaranua ngā kai i te raupapa e whai ake nei:
– ngā kai iti (te ranunga tuatahi, te tote) i konatunatua ki te iti o te parani i te tuatahi,
– kātahi ka tāpirihia atu ki te ranunga ētahi atu kai.
Mā tēnei tikanga ka ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā huaora/kohuke ki te wāhi kotahi.
6. Puka whāngai (whiringa kore)
– Ki te hiahia koe ki te kuru, whakaranua kia ōrite te matotoru.
– Ki te hiahia koe ki ngā pire, tāpirihia he wai iti kia taea ai te pēhi i te paraoa pokepoke, kātahi ka whakamarokehia ngā pire kia maroke rawa.
7. Te rokiroki tika
Penapenahia te kai ki tētahi wāhi maroke, pai te hau, kia matara atu i ngā kiore me ngā pepeke. Whakamahia he putea ma, ka tāpirihia te rā whakaputa ki te tapanga.
Tauira Tātai Māmā (Whakaahua)
Anei tētahi tauira o tētahi hanganga māmā mō te whāngai manu (ehara i te paearu tino tika, he tauira noa iho):
– Kānga whenua: 45%
– Parani: 25%
– Paraoa pīni/paraoa kokonati: 20%
– Paraoa ika: 5%
– Ranunga kohuke + tote: 2–3%
– Ētahi atu kai tāpiri (paraoa raima/para wheua): kia reka
Mō ngā kararehe ruminant (koati/kau), ko te kai he otaota me te matūkai whakapūmau. Ka taea te whakauru i te parani, te paraoa, me ngā kohuke ki roto i ngā matūkai. Me noho tonu te matūkai hei wāhanga matua hei pupuri i te pumau o te nakunaku o te rumen.
He kōrero nui: He nui te pānga o te tau, te taumaha, me te āhua o te kararehe ki ngā hiahia kai. Mēnā he hē te hanganga, kāore pea te kararehe e mahi pai, e pāngia rānei e ngā raruraru nakunaku.
Ngā Tohutohu hei Whakakaha i te Whai Hua o te Whāngai Kāinga
1. Hangaia kia maha ngā puranga kia mau tonu ai te hou, ina koa mēnā he kai mākū te whakamahi.
2. Te whakapūkara i ngā rauemi e tere pirau ana, hei tauira i ngā paru tōfu, hei whakaroa i te oranga o te kai.
3. Aroturukihia te hiahia me te mahi a te kararehe i muri i te whakawhiti kai. Mēnā ka heke iho, arotakehia te hanganga.
4. Kaua e whakarerekē ohorere i te whāngai. Me mahi āta whakawhiti i roto i ngā rā 3–7.
5. Whakaratohia he wai ma i ngā wā katoa, inā koa mō ngā heihei me ngā kararehe e whakamomona ana.
Te Katinga
Ko te hanga i tāu ake kai kararehe ko te whakakotahi i te mōhiotanga kai, te whiriwhiri i ngā kai haumaru, me ngā tikanga whakaranu me te rokiroki tika. Ko ngā painga matua ko te whai hua o te utu me te whakahaere kounga, engari me taurite ēnei kia pai ai te hauora me te hua o ngā kararehe. Tīmata ki tētahi tauira māmā mā te whakamahi i ngā kai e wātea ana, e ahu mai ana i te rohe, tuhia ngā hua, kātahi ka whakapai haere mārire. Mā te auau me te aromatawai, ka taea te whakamahi i te kai i hangaia i te kāinga hei otinga whai hua mō te whakapiki i te hua o te pāmu.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te hanga i tētahi momo whāngai motuhake ake i runga i te momo kararehe (heihei heihei/heihei whāngai, parera, koati, kau), te pakeke, me ngā rauemi mata e wātea ana i tō rohe.
