Te Tūranga o ngā Pūnaha Mōhiohio Matawhenua i roto i te Keri
He rāngai te maina e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki ngā raraunga: mai i te whenua, te whenua, ngā rāhui, te taiao, ngā hanganga, tae atu ki ngā mahi o ia rā. I waenganui i ngā tono mō te whai huatanga, te haumaru, me te tutuki i ngā ture taiao, me whai huarahi tika ngā kamupene maina ki te whakahaere, ki te tātari, me te whakaatu i ēnei mōhiohio. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai ngā Pūnaha Mōhiohio Matawhenua (GIS). He pūnaha rorohiko te GIS e whakamahia ana hei kohikohi, hei penapena, hei tukatuka, hei tātari, hei tiro i ngā raraunga e tohutorohia ana e te wāhi (ātea). I roto i te horopaki maina, he taputapu rautaki te GIS e hono ana i ngā raraunga mara me te whakatau a te kaiwhakahaere.
1. Ko te GIS te Tūāpapa mō te Whakamahere Maina
Ko te wāhanga whakamahere te mea matua mō te angitu o tētahi kaupapa keri. Mā te GIS ka āwhina ngā kamupene keri ki te mahere i ngā rohe whakaaetanga, ki te tautuhi i ngā rohe ture, me te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te wāhi mahi, pērā i ngā kōtaha, ngā pari pari, ngā whatunga awa, me te urunga ki te rori. Mā te whakauru i ngā mahere whenua, ngā whakaahua amiorangi, me ngā raraunga matawhenua, ka taea e ngā tīma whakamahere te waihanga i ngā horopaki keri pono ake, iti ake te mōrearea.
Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā raraunga pari hei aromatawai i te whaihua o te whakawātea whenua, te hanga rori kawe rānei. Ka taea te tautuhi wawe i ngā wāhi he pari rawa te pari, kia taea ai te whakarerekē i ngā mahere whakawātea, te hanga hoahoa hangarau haumaru ake rānei. Nō reira, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu hanga me te mōrearea o ngā aituā.
2. Te Tautoko i te Tūhuratanga me te Aromatawai Rauemi
I roto i te tūhuratanga, he mahi nui tā te GIS nā te mea kei roto ko te whakahaere i ngā raraunga uaua: ngā pūwāhi keri, ngā tauira matū whenua, ngā raraunga ā-whenua, me te whakamārama i ngā hanganga whenua. Mā te GIS, ka taea te mahere tika i ngā raraunga pūwāhi keri me te tātari i ōna tauira tohatoha. Mā ēnei mōhiohio ka āwhina i ngā tohunga whenua ki te tautuhi i ngā wāhi e tumanakohia ana me te whakamahere i ngā keri anō kia whai hua ake.
Ka taea hoki te whakauru i te GIS ki te pūmanawa whakatauira whenua hei whakatau tata i ngā rauemi me ngā rahui. Ina rongoatia haumaru ngā raraunga ā-wāhi me ngā raraunga āhuatanga (hei tauira, te taumata kohuke, te hohonutanga o te paparanga, te matotoru o te hononga waro), ka tere ake te tukanga tātari, ka mārama ake, ka māmā ake hoki te manatoko. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea ka pā tika te whakatau tata i ngā rahui ki te oranga ōhanga o tētahi kaupapa.
3. Te Arotau i ngā Mahi Whakaputa me te Whakahaere Rautaki
I te wā whakaputa, ka taea te whakamahi i te GIS hei arotau i ngā mahi whakahaere pēnei i te whakarite i ngā whakawhiti rauemi, te whakarite i ngā huarahi taputapu taumaha, te whakahaere i ngā puranga, me te aroturuki i te ahunga whakamua o te poka. Mā ngā mahere mamati ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaiwhakahaere te tautuhi tika i te tūranga o ngā taha keri, ngā wāhi puranga paru, me ngā āhuatanga o te rori keri.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te whakakotahi i te GIS me te GPS me te hangarau telematics hei aroturuki i ngā nekehanga o ngā waka kawe i te wā tūturu. Mā ēnei raraunga ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā wā tatari, te arotau i ngā huarahi kawe, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga wahie. I roto i te umanga keri, i te mea he aro nui ngā tawhē hua ki ngā utu whakahaere, he nui te pānga o tēnei momo whai huatanga.
4. Te Whakapai ake i te Haumaru me te Whakaiti i te Mōrearea
He kaupapa matua te haumaru mahi i roto i te maina. He mahi nui tā te GIS ki te mahere i ngā wāhi morearea pērā i ngā rohe e tere ana te horo whenua, ngā wāhi e tata ana ki ngā pari pari, ngā wāhi e tere ana te waipuke, ngā wāhi rānei he hau morearea. Mā te tātari ā-wāhi, ka taea e te GIS te āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā wāhi morearea me te whakawhanake i ngā mahi whakaiti i te tere o te mahi.
Hei tauira, ka taea te tātari i ngā raraunga ua, te momo oneone, me te paripari hei matapae i te horo me te horo whenua pea i runga i ngā puranga maina, i ngā paripari rānei. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te GIS hei hoahoa i ngā huarahi whakawātea, i ngā wāhi huihuinga, me te urunga tere atu mō ngā tīma urupare ohorere. Mā ngā tirohanga mārama ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mōrearea ki ngā kaimahi o te mara.
5. Te Aroturukitanga Taiao me te Whakatutukitanga i ngā Ture
He pānga taiao kei ngā mahi keri me aro turuki tonu, mai i ngā panonitanga o te uhi whenua me te kounga o te wai ki te whakatō me te whakahaere para. Ka āwhina te GIS i ngā kamupene ki te whakahaere i te aro turuki taiao e ahu mai ana i te wāhi me te tukatuka raraunga i ia wā hei tuku pūrongo ki ngā kaiwhakahaere.
Mā te GIS, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakataurite i ngā whakaahua amiorangi i mua me muri i te keri hei aromatawai i te whānuitanga o ngā wāhi tuwhera, ngā huringa tipu, me te ahunga whakamua o te whakahokinga mai o te whenua. Ka taea hoki te whakahaere i te aroturukitanga o ngā wai pērā i ngā awa me ngā roto taunga kia pai ake te pūnaha. Mena he tohu kei te parahanga, kei te nui rawa rānei te oneone, ka taea e ngā tīma taiao te rapu tere i te pūtake o te raruraru me te mahi i ngā mahi whakatika.
6. Te Whakaora me te Whakamahere Muri i te Keri
He herenga nui te whakaora whenua i muri i te keri. Mā te GIS ka āwhina i te whakamahere whakaora whenua mā te tautuhi i ngā rohe matua, te tatau i te rohe hei whakaora, me te aroturuki i te ahunga whakamua o te whakato anō. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā raraunga teitei me te āhua o te whenua hei hoahoa i ngā whenua pumau, hei ārai i te waipuke, me te whakahaere i te rere o te wai hei ārai i te horo.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka āwhina te GIS i ngā kamupene ki te whakarite i ngā tuhinga tika mō muri i te keri. Ka taea te whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio pēnei i ngā wāhi o te pareparenga oneone, ngā wāhi whakato hou, me ngā huringa whenua i roto i ngā mapi me ngā pūrongo e ngāwari ana ki te mārama. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā arotake, ngā aromatawai a te kāwanatanga, me te māramatanga o te marea.
7. Te Whakaurunga GIS me ngā Drones, ngā Whakaahua Amiorangi, me te IoT
Nā ngā whanaketanga hangarau kua kaha ake te GIS. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā waka rererangi hei hanga i ngā whakaahua orthophoto me ngā tauira mata (DSM/DTM) tino taumira. Ka taea te whakauru i ēnei raraunga waka rererangi ki roto i te GIS hei tatau i ngā rahinga keri, i ngā pari rānei, hei tirotiro i te pumau o te pari, me te aroturuki tere i ngā huringa o te rohe.
Ka āwhina hoki ngā whakaahua amiorangi i te aroturukitanga nui, inā koa mō ngā whenua nui, ngā wāhi uaua rānei ki te tae atu. I taua wā, ka taea e ngā taputapu Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT) pērā i ngā pūoko ua, ngā piezometer, ngā aroturuki kounga wai rānei te rere raraunga ki ngā papaaho GIS. Mā tēnei whakaurunga ka taea e ngā kamupene keri te whakatau i runga i ngā raraunga tūturu, kaua i ngā whakatau tata noa iho.
8. Te Whakatau me te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero ki ngā Kaiwhaiwāhi
Ehara i te mea he taputapu hangarau anake te GIS, engari he taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero anō hoki. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mapi ā-wāhi me ngā papaaho tirotiro hei whakamārama i ngā mahere keri ki ngā kāwanatanga, ki ngā kaipupuri moni, me ngā hapori huri noa. Mā ngā whakaaturanga mārama ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā māramatanga hē, te whakanui ake i te māramatanga, me te whakapakari i te whakawhirinaki a te marea.
I te taumata whakahaere, ka tautoko te GIS i ngā whakataunga rautaki pēnei i te kimi whare hou, te aromatawai i ngā whakawhānui pea, te whakarerekē rānei i ngā mahere whakaputa. Ina whakauruhia ngā raraunga whakahaere, whenua, me te taiao ki roto i te pūnaha kotahi, ka taea e te whakahaere te tiro whānui ake i ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā āhuatanga.
Whakamutunga
He whānui te mahi a ngā Pūnaha Mōhiohio Matawhenua i roto i te mahi keri, mai i te whakamahere, te tūhura, te whakaputa, te haumaru, te aroturuki taiao, tae atu ki te whakahokinga mai i muri i te keri. Mā te GIS ka taea te whakahaere i ngā raraunga ā-wāhi uaua ki ngā mōhiohio tātari me te tirohanga ngāwari, ka taea ai te whakatau tere ake, tika ake, me te mārama ake. I tēnei ao matihiko, ehara te GIS i te kōwhiringa whiriwhiri engari he whakaritenga matua mō ngā kamupene keri e whai ana ki te mahi pai, haumaru, me te kawenga ki te taiao me ngā hapori.
Ki te pai te whakatinanatanga, ā, ki te whakaurua ki ētahi atu hangarau pēnei i ngā waka rererangi kore, ngā whakaahua amiorangi, me ngā pūoko mara, ka noho te GIS hei pou tokomanawa mō te huringa o te mahi maina ki ngā mahi atamai ake, pumau ake hoki.
