Te Tohatoha o ngā Pūnaha Koiora
He hapori rauropi nui te koiora, e kapi ana i tētahi rohe matawhenua whānui, e tohuhia ana e ngā āhuarangi, ngā oneone, me ngā tipu me ngā kararehe ōrite. He pūnaha rauropi motuhake tō ia koiora e awe ana i ngā momo ora ka taea te tupu i reira. He maha ngā momo koiora o te ao, tae atu ki ngā ngahere ua toropika, ngā savanna, ngā whenua tarutaru, ngā koraha, ngā taiga, ngā tundra, me ētahi atu. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te tohatoha me ngā āhuatanga o ētahi o ngā pūnaha koiora nui o te ao.
1. Ngāherehere ua Tropika
Ko ngā ngahere ua toropika tētahi o ngā koiora tino rongonui, e rongonui ana mō te nui o te kanorau koiora. Kei te taha o te ekueta, ka pāngia tēnei koiora e te rangi mahana me te haumākū i te tau katoa. Ko ngā whenua he nui ngā ngahere ua toropika ko Brazil, Indonesia, me te Democratic Republic of Congo.
Tohatoha
Kei te horapa ngā ngahere ua pārūrū puta noa i te rohe o te ekueta, ko te nuinga i Amerika ki te Tonga (ina koa ko te awa o Amazon), Āwherika Waenganui, me Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti. He nui rawa te ua toharite ia tau e whiwhihia ana e ēnei rohe, neke atu i te 2000 mm, ā, he mahana te pāmahana i te tau katoa.
Pūāhua
He tino matotoru ngā rākau o ēnei ngahere, ā, he maha ngā paparanga o ngā otaota. Nā te whānuitanga o ngā momo tipu me ngā momo kararehe, he maha o ēnei he whenua taketake, kāore rānei e kitea i hea atu, ka waiho ngā ngahere ua hei tetahi o ngā koiora tino nui mō te kanorau koiora.
2. Hāwana
Ko te Savanna he koiora kei waenganui i ngā ngahere me ngā mania, e kitea ana i te horapa o ngā rākau me te whānui o ngā mania. He rerekē ngā wā ua me ngā wā maroke o ngā savanna.
Tohatoha
Kei Āwherika ngā savana rongonui, e tata ana ki te haurua o te whenua. Heoi, ka kitea anō hoki tēnei koiora i Amerika ki te Tonga (pērā i te Cerrado i Brazil), i Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, me te raki o Ahitereiria.
Pūāhua
Ahakoa he iti ake te matotoru i ngā ngahere, he maha ngā momo ora ahurei e tautokona ana e ngā savana. Koinei te kāinga o ētahi o ngā kararehe whenua nui rawa atu, pērā i ngā arewhana, ngā raiona, me ngā karāpī. He tino momona ngā oneone o te savana, ā, e tautoko ana i te ahuwhenua ina tika te whakamakuku.
3. Whenua tarutaru
Ko ngā whenua tarutaru he koiora e kapi ana i te tarutaru, he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he rākau. Kei waenganui o ngā whenua nui ēnei whenua, ā, he maha ngā wā ua me ngā wā maroke.
Tohatoha
Kei Amerika Te Raki (e mōhiotia ana ko ngā prairies), kei Ūrāpia (stek), me ētahi wāhanga o Amerika Te Tonga (pampas) ngā whenua tarutaru nui rawa atu. I Āwherika, e mōhiotia ana ngā whenua tarutaru ko te veldt.
Pūāhua
He maha ngā momo kararehe kai nui e tautokona ana e ngā tarutaru, pērā i te pīson, te anaterope, me ngā hōiho mohoao, ā, ko ēnei te hunga e kai nui ana i ngā otaota. Ko te nuinga o ngā otaota he tarutaru me ētahi rakau iti me ngā rākau iti.
4. Koraha
Ko ngā koraha ngā koiora tino wera me te whānui, he iti noa te ua, ā, koia tētahi o ngā taiao tino kino rawa atu o te ao.
Tohatoha
Kei te kitea ngā koraha i ētahi wāhi huri noa i te ao, tae atu ki te Koraha o Sahara i Āwherika, te Koraha o Gobi i Āhia, te Koraha o Arapi i te Waenganui Rawhiti, me te Koraha o Atacama i Amerika ki te Tonga.
Pūāhua
Ka pāngia ngā koraha e te pāmahana tino kino o ia rā, mai i te wera i te awatea ki te makariri i te pō. Kua urutau ngā tipu koraha, pērā i ngā cacti, ki te pupuri wai mō ngā wā roa. Ko ētahi o ngā kararehe rongonui o te koraha ko ngā kararehe pērā i ngā kamera, ngā nakahi, me ngā pokiha koraha, kua urutau ki te ora i roto i ēnei āhuatanga tino kino.
5. Taiga (Ngāhere Pōreira)
Ko Taiga te biome nui rawa atu o te ao, e mōhiotia ana ko te ngahere boreal. Ko ngā rākau coniferous pērā i te paina, te spruce, me te larch te āhua o Taiga.
Tohatoha
Ka kitea te taiga i te tuakoi raki o te ao, inā koa i Kanata, Alaska, Scandinavia, me Rūhia.
Pūāhua
He roa, he kino ngā hotoke, he poto hoki ngā raumati o tēnei koiora. Ko te oneone taiga he permafrost, ā, kua urutau te nuinga o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe o te rohe ki te āhuarangi makariri.
6. Tūndra
He koiora te tundra e mōhiotia ana mō tōna āhuarangi tino makariri me te iti o ngā tipu. Kua wehea tēnei koiora ki te tundra arctic me te tundra alpine.
Tohatoha
Kei te Ao Raki te tundra o te Arctic, huri noa i te Arctic Circle, tae atu ki a Rūhia, Kanata, me Scandinavia. Kei ngā maunga teitei o te ao te tundra o te Alpine.
Pūāhua
He poto rawa te wā tipu o te whenua tūroa, ā, he uaua ki te tupu ngā pakiaka o ngā rākau nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka tio tonu (permafrost). Ko ngā tipu he mosses, he lichens, me ētahi momo tipu iti. Ko ngā kararehe noa ko ngā manu heke, ngā reindeer, me ngā pea polar, he urutau motuhake ā rātou ki te aro atu ki ngā hotoke tino kino.
Te Katinga
Ko te horapa o ngā pūnaha koiora ka whakatauhia e ngā āhuatanga taiao maha pērā i te āhuarangi, te momo oneone, me te kanorau koiora. He mahi nui tā ia koiora ki te pupuri i te taurite o te pūnaha rauropi o te ao, ā, he mea nui tōna oranga mō te oranga tonutanga o ngā momo ora katoa o te ao. Ko te kanorau o ia pūnaha he takoha ahurei ki te kanorau koiora o te Ao me ngā tukanga kaiao, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te mārama me te tiaki i ēnei taiao kanorau.
