Te Rangahau i te Kanorau o ngā Ika i Initonīhia
Ko Initonīhia, te whenua nui rawa atu o te ao, me ngā moutere neke atu i te 17.000, e whakamanamana ana ki te kanorau koiora whakamiharo. Nā ōna moana whānui me ngā rauemi wai māori kanorau, e noho ana ngā mano tini o ngā momo ika. Ehara i te mea he mea nui te kanorau ika o Initonīhia ki te taha taiao anake, engari ki te taha ōhanga me te taha ahurea hoki. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te kanorau ika i Initonīhia, ka tirohia tōna hiranga, ā, ka matapakihia ngā wero e pā ana ki a ia.
Kanorau o ngā Ika i Initonīhia: He Tirohanga Whānui
Kei roto a Initonīhia i ngā whenua pārūrū, ā, kei waenganui tonu o te Tapatoru Korara, e mōhiotia ana ko te pokapū o te ao mō te kanorau koiora o te moana. Kei roto i tēnei rohe ngā wai o Initonīhia, o Mareia, o Papua Niu Kini, o ngā Philippines, o ngā Moutere o Horomona, me Timor-Leste. E mano tini ngā momo ika e noho ana i ngā toka korara, ngā mangrove, ngā moenga tarutaru moana, me ngā awa o Initonīhia.
E ai ki ngā rangahau, neke atu i te 2.500 ngā momo ika ākau i roto i ngā wai o Initonīhia, tata ki te 20% o te katoa o te ao. Hei tāpiri, kei Initonīhia anō hoki te 1.300 ngā momo ika wai māori. Ko ētahi o ngā momo ika taketake e kitea ana i Initonīhia ko te arowana whero (Scleropages legendrei) nō Kalimantan me te ika āniwaniwa (Melanotaenia boesemani) nō Papua.
Ngā Tūranga Ā-Taiao me te Ōhanga
He nui te takoha a te noho mai o ngā momo ika ki ngā rauropi moana me ngā rauropi whenua. He kaipahua, he kaipahua hoki ngā ika i roto i ngā mekameka kai uaua. Ka āwhina rātou ki te whakahaere i ngā taupori o ētahi atu rauropi, ā, ka whai wāhi hoki ki te hauora o te rauropi mā roto i ngā taunekeneke rauropi maha.
I roto i te ōhanga, ko te rāngai hī ika te puna moni matua mō ngā miriona tāngata o Initonīhia. He nui te takoha a ngā hī ika hopu me te mahi ahuwhenua ki te Hua ā-Rohe Katoa (GDP) me te whakarato mahi mō ngā hapori takutai. Ko ngā ika pēnei i te tuna, te skipjack tuna, te makarela, me ngā momo ika toka utu nui pēnei i te grouper me te Napoleon wrasse he taonga kaweake matua e tino hiahiatia ana i te mākete o te ao.
Kanorau Ahurea
He taonga tuku iho anō hoki kei Initonīhia, he hononga tata ki te hī ika. He mātauranga ā-rohe kei ngā iwi me ngā hapori taketake mō te hopu, te whakatipu, me te kai ika. Ko ngā tikanga tuku iho pērā i te Sasi i Maluku, te Panglima Laut i Aceh, me te Awig-awig i Lombok, he tauira ēnei o te whakahaere me te tiaki a ngā hapori o te rohe i ā rātou rauemi hī ika.
Rangahau me te Tiaki Taiao
Kua roa te rangahau mō te kanorau o ngā ika i Initonīhia e haere tonu ana, engari he maha tonu ngā mea kāore anō kia mōhiotia. Kei te haere tonu te mahi rangahau me te mahere a te LIPI (Te Whare Wānanga o Ngā Pūtaiao o Initonīhia) me ngā whare wānanga me ētahi atu whare rangahau hei tautuhi i ngā momo ika hou me te aroturuki i ngā taupori ika o nāianei.
He wero nui te tiaki i ngā ika i runga i ngā tūmomo mōrearea pēnei i te huringa āhuarangi, te parahanga, te hī ika nui rawa, me te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga. Me uru ki ngā huarahi tiaki i te taiao te whakahaere hī ika tauwhiro, te tiaki i ngā nohoanga nui pēnei i ngā toka korara, ngā mangrove, me ngā moenga tarutaru moana, me te whakatinana i ngā tikanga hī ika e pai ana ki te taiao.
Ko te kaupapa Ngā Wāhi Tiaki Moana (MPA) i Initonīhia tētahi o ngā mahi hei tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te moana. Ko ētahi o ngā wāhi tiaki rongonui ko te Pāka Moana ā-Motu o Bunaken i Te Tai Tokerau o Sulawesi, te Pāka Moana ā-Motu o Komodo i Te Tai Rāwhiti o Nusa Tenggara, me te Pāka Moana ā-Motu o Raja Ampat i Te Hauāuru o Papua, ā, he wāhi rongonui katoa ēnei mō te kanorau koiora o te moana.
Ngā Wero me ngā Otinga
He maha ngā wero kei mua i a Indonesia mō te tiaki i te kanorau ika, anei ētahi o aua wero:
1. Te hī ika nui rawa: He maha ngā momo ika arumoni me ngā momo ika kore-arumoni e mōrearea ana i te hī ika nui rawa. Ko ngā otinga pea ko te whakanui ake i te aroturukitanga, te whakatinana i ngā herenga hopu, me te whakaurunga o ngā kuota.
2. Te Whakangaromanga i ngā Nohoanga: Ko ngā mahi a te tangata pēnei i te whakawhanaketanga o te takutai moana, te keri maina, me te hī ika whakangaro (pēnei i te whakamahinga o ngā poma me te paihana cyanide) ka hua ake te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga ika. Ko te whakaora i ngā nohoanga me te whakamana i ngā hapori takutai moana ki te tiaki i tō rātou taiao he mahi nui.
3. Huringa Āhuarangi: Kei te pāngia ngā mea ora o te moana e te pikinga o te pāmahana o te moana me te waikawa o te moana. Ko te urutau me te whakaiti i ngā huringa āhuarangi mā te whakato mangrove, te whakaora i ngā toka korara, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro he otinga me whakatinana.
4. Te Parahanga: Ka whakararu te para kirihou me ngā matū kino i te hauora o ngā pūnaha rauropi wai. Ko ngā kaupapa hei whakaiti i ngā kirihou kotahi te whakamahinga, me te whakamahi i ngā hangarau whakahaere para e pai ana ki te taiao te otinga.
5. Te Kore o ngā Raraunga Pūtaiao: He maha ngā momo ika i Initonīhia kāore anō kia tautuhia, kāore anō hoki kia rangahaua. Me whai pūtea me te tautoko mō ngā rangahau, me te whakapakari kaha hoki mō ngā kaipūtaiao ā-rohe, hei whakarei ake i ngā raraunga me ngā mōhiohio mō te kanorau o ngā ika.
Whakamutunga
He taonga utu nui te kanorau ika o Initonīhia. He nui ngā painga taiao, ōhanga, me te ahurea e tukuna ana ki te motu. Mā te mahi tahi a te kāwanatanga, te marea, me te hapori pūtaiao, ka taea te wikitoria i ngā wero o nāianei. Me whai huarahi pūtaiao me te mātauranga ā-rohe kia mau tonu ai te kanorau ika o Initonīhia mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
Ki a Indonesia, he whenua whai rawa i ngā rauemi taiao me ngā rauemi ahurea, ehara i te mea he kōwhiringa noa te tiaki i te kanorau ika, engari he mea nui hei waihanga i tētahi heke mai pumau, whai rawa hoki.
