He Akoranga Take mō te Oranga Tonutanga o ngā Rauemi Hī Ika
Pendahuluan
He mea nui te mahi hī ika i roto i te ōhanga o te ao, e whakarato ana i te puna matua o te pūmua mō ngā piriona tāngata, ā, e tautoko ana hoki i te oranga o ngā miriona o ngā kaihao ika o te ao. Heoi anō, ko te pikinga ake o te pēhanga ki ngā rauemi moana nā te nui rawa o te hī ika, te huringa āhuarangi, te parahanga, me te maha atu o ngā āhuatanga kua ara ake ai ngā āwangawanga nui mō te pumau o ngā mahi hī ika. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rangahau take mō te pumau o ngā rauemi hī ika, me te arotahi ki ngā mahi hei pupuri i te taurite o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana me te whakarite kia wātea ngā rauemi hī ika mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
Papamuri Hī ika o te Ao
He roa, he uaua hoki te hītori o te hī ika, ā, he puna nui tēnei o te pūmua mō te tangata. I te rautau 20, i tino whānui haere te ahumahi me te whakaurunga mai o ngā hangarau hī ika me te tukatuka whai hua ake. Nā tēnei i piki ake ai ngā hopunga ika, engari i puta anō hoki he tūmomo mōrearea ki te pumau o ngā rauemi hī ika.
E ai ki te Whakahaere Kai me te Ahuwhenua (FAO), tata ki te kotahi hautoru o ngā ika o te ao e hīia nuitia ana i tēnei wā. Kei te mōrearea tēnei āhuatanga ki te oranga tonutanga o ngā hapori takutai e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki ngā mahi hī ika hei oranga mō rātou. Hei whakatika i tēnei wero, ko te pumau o ngā mahi hī ika he kaupapa matua me aro atu mā te huarahi whānui me te whānui.
Akoranga Take: Te Oranga Tonutanga o te Hī Ika Tuna i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Hauāuru
Whakaahuatanga whānui
E mōhiotia ana te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Hauāuru ko tētahi o ngā moana kanorau koiora o te ao, tae atu ki te kāinga o ngā momo tuna whai hua ā-ōhanga, pērā i te tuna kikorangi (Thunnus thynnus), te tuna albacore (Thunnus alalunga), me te tuna kōwhai (Thunnus albacares). Ka kaweakehia ngā tuna o tēnei rohe ki ngā mākete o te ao, inā koa ko Hapani, te Hononga o Amerika, me Ūropi, ā, e eke ana te hokohoko ki ngā piriona tāra ia tau.
Wero
I te pikinga ake o te hiahia o te ao, kei raro ngā taupori tuna i te pēhanga nui mai i te nui rawa o te hī ika. I taua wā anō, kei te noho tonu te hī ika ture kore, kāore i te pūrongohia, kāore hoki i te whakahaeretia (IUU) hei raruraru nui, e whakararu ana i te whai huatanga o ngā mahi tiaki taiao o nāianei. Ko te hekenga o ngā ika ehara i te mea ka pā ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana anake, engari ka tūpono hoki ki te oranga o ngā hapori takutai e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hī ika tuna.
Ngā Mahi Whakapūmau
Hei pupuri i te oranga tonutanga o te hī ika tuna, he maha ngā mahi kua mahia:
1. Te Mahi Tahi ā-Rohe me te Ao Whānui: Ko te Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) he whakahaere whakahaere hī ika ā-rohe e whai kawenga ana mō te whakahaere i ngā hī ika i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Hauāuru. Ka mahi tahi te WCPFC me ōna whenua mema ki te whakatū i ngā rohenga hopu ika, ngā rohe aukati, me ngā ture hī ika e whai ana ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki ngā taupori tuna.
2. Tiwhikete me te Tapanga: Nā te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga o ngā kaihoko ki te hiranga o te oranga tonutanga kua akiakihia ngā kaupapa tiwhikete me te tapanga, pērā i te Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). Ko te tuna me te tiwhikete MSC e tohu ana i hopukina te ika i runga i te oranga tonutanga me te tutuki i ngā paerewa oranga tonutanga taiao.
3. Te Aroturuki me te Whakatinanatanga Ture: Ka whakamahia ngā hangarau pēnei i ngā pūnaha aroturuki waka (VMS) me ngā amiorangi hei aroturuki i ngā mahi a ngā waka hī ika, hei whakarite hoki kia tutukihia ngā ture hī ika. Ka mahi tahi ngā kāwanatanga me ngā mana whakahaere moana ki te aukati i ngā takahi ture me te whakaiti i te hī ika IUU.
4. Te Whakawhanaketanga o te Ahuwhenua: Haunga te hopu ika mohoao, he huarahi kē atu anō hoki te whakatipu ika mohoao. Kei te whakawhanakehia te whakatipu ika tuna hei whakaiti i te pēhanga ki ngā taupori mohoao, ahakoa me aro nui ki ngā wero e pā ana ki te whāngai me ngā pānga ki te taiao.
Akoranga Take: Te Hī Ika Kōura i Initonīhia
Whakaahuatanga whānui
Ko Initonīhia tētahi o ngā whenua moana nui rawa atu o te ao, he nui ngā momo koiora moana, tae atu ki ngā taupori kōura whai hua, pērā i te kōura onepu (Panulirus homarus) me te kōura pērara (Panulirus ornatus). He taonga kaweake nui te kōura e tautoko ana i te ōhanga o ngā hapori takutai o Initonīhia.
Wero
Pērā i te tuna i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Hauāuru, he nui ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā mahi hī ika kōura o Initonīhia, arā, te hī ika nui rawa me ngā mahi hī ika turekore. Hei tāpiri, ko te huringa āhuarangi, e hua ake ai te pikinga o te pāmahana o te moana me te mā o te korara, kei te pā kino hoki ki te nohonga tūturu o ngā kōura.
Ngā Mahi Whakapūmau
Hei pupuri i te oranga tonutanga o te hī ika kōura, he maha ngā mahi kua mahia:
1. Ngā Ture Hī Ika: Kua whakatinanahia e te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia ētahi ture hei whakahaere i te hī ika kōura, tae atu ki te aukati i te hopu kōura hua manu me te iti rawa o te rahi o ngā hopunga. Ko te whāinga o ēnei kaupapa here he tiaki i ngā taupori kōura mai i te whakamahinga nui rawa, me te whakarite kia pumau tonu.
2. Te Tiaki i ngā Nohoanga: Ka mahia ngā mahi tiaki i ngā nohoanga, pērā i te whakaora i te toka korara me te whakatū i ngā wāhi tiaki moana, kia mau tonu ai te āhua pai o te nohoanga kōura. Kei roto i ēnei kaupapa te whai wāhi a te hapori ā-rohe ki te whakapakari i te angitu o te tiakitanga.
3. Whakamana i te Hapori: He mea nui te whakamana i ngā hapori takutai moana mā te whakangungu me te mātauranga mō ngā mahi hī ika tauwhiro. Ko ngā kaupapa pēnei i te whakawhanake i ngā mahi tahi hī ika me te whakanui ake i ngā puna moni whiwhi ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki ngā rauemi moana me te whakapai ake i te oranga o te hapori.
4. Te Whakawhanaketanga Hangarau me te Auahatanga: Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau hou, pērā i ngā taputapu aroturuki GPS me ngā tono matihiko mō te pūrongo hopu ika, ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te māramatanga me te tika o ngā raraunga hī ika. Mā ēnei auahatanga ka āwhina i te aroturuki me te whakahaere i ngā rauemi hī ika.
Whakamutunga
He wero uaua te pumau o ngā rauemi hī ika e hiahia ana ki tētahi huarahi maha-āhuatanga. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau take mō ngā hī ika tuna i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Hauāuru me ngā hī ika kōura i Initonīhia, ko ngā mahi pumau hī ika e uru ana ki te mahi tahi a ngā kāwanatanga, ngā hapori ā-rohe, ngā ahumahi, me ngā whakahaere o te ao.
Ko ngā mahi pēnei i te whakatakoto i ngā rohenga hopu ika, te oranga tonutanga mā te tiwhikete, te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau aroturuki, te whakaora i ngā nohoanga, me te whakamana i te hapori, he wāhanga matua ēnei hei whakarite kia noho wātea tonu ngā rauemi hī ika mō ngā painga mō te wā roa.
Mā te whakapau kaha me te mahi tahi tonu, e tūmanakohia ana ka taea e ngā mahi hī ika o te ao te neke whakamua ki tētahi taurite hihiri i waenga i te whakamahinga me te tiaki i te taiao, me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tangata me te pupuri tonu i te mana o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana. He mea nui tēnei angitu, ehara i te mea mō ngā pūnaha rauropi anake, engari mō te tika pāpori me te oranga tonutanga o ngā hapori takutai o te ao katoa.
