Rautaki Whakaora mō ngā Ika e Mōrearea ana
Ko te hekenga o ngā ika i roto i ngā wai maha o te ao, tae atu ki Initonīhia, tētahi o ngā take nui rawa atu o te whakahaere rauemi moana. He maha ngā ika i mua he nui kei raro i te pēhanga inaianei nā te nui rawa o te hī ika, te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga, te huringa āhuarangi, me te parahanga. Ehara i te mea ko ngā pūnaha rauropi moana anake te mea e pāngia ana e ngā rauropi engari ko ngā kaihao ika, te umanga hī ika, te haumarutanga kai, me ngā ōhanga takutai moana. Nō reira, ko te whakaora i ngā ika e mōrearea ana me whai rautaki pūtaiao kua inehia, e whai wāhi ana ki ngā kaipupuri maha.
Te Mārama ki te Pūtake o te Hekenga o ngā Hea
I mua i te hoahoa i ngā mahi whakaora, ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te mārama ki ngā take matua o te hekenga. Ka puta te hī ika nui rawa ina nui ake te maha o ngā ika i hopukina i te kaha o te taupori ki te whakaora ā-taiao. Ka nui ake te kino o tēnei mahi nā ngā taputapu hī ika kore-whiriwhiri, pērā i ngā kupenga e hopu ana i ngā ika iti, i ngā momo kāore i te whainga (hopu taha). Hei tāpiri, ko te whakahekenga o te pūnaha rauropi, pērā i te whakangaromanga o ngā toka korara, ngā moenga tarutaru moana, me ngā mangrove, ka whakaiti i te whakaputa uri me ngā wāhi whakatipu mō te maha o ngā momo ika.
He mahi nui anō tā te huringa āhuarangi. Ka taea e te pikinga o te pāmahana o te moana te whakarerekē i ngā tauira hekenga ika, te whakararuraru i ngā huringa whakaputa uri, me te whakanui ake i te mā o te korara. I taua wā, ko te parahanga kirihou, ngā para ahumahi, me te rerenga ahuwhenua ka whakaiti i te kounga o te wai, ka whakararuraru hoki i te mekameka kai. Nō reira, me whānui ngā rautaki whakaora: kaua e whakaiti noa i te hī ika engari me whakapai ake hoki i ngā āhuatanga rauropi e tautoko ana i te oranga ika.
1. Whakahaere Pūtaiao
Ko te whakaora i ngā momo ika me whai raraunga pakari. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā raraunga hopu, te rahi o ngā ika, te wā whakaputa uri, te rohe tohatoha, tae atu ki ngā reiti mate hī ika. I te nuinga o ngā wāhi, ko te wero nui ko te iti o ngā raraunga, nā te mea he maha ngā wā kāore i te tino tuhia pai ngā mahi hī ika iti. Ko ngā otinga ko te whakapakari i ngā pūnaha aroturuki, te kohikohi raraunga i ngā tauranga, ngā pukapuka takiuru māmā mō ngā kaihao ika, me te whakamahi i ngā hangarau pēnei i ngā pūnaha aroturuki kaipuke (VMS), AIS, ngā taupānga tuhi hopu rānei.
I runga i ēnei raraunga, ka taea e ngā mana whakahaere hī ika te whakatakoto i ngā herenga hopunga, i ngā rohenga rānei e rite ana ki te kaha o te kararehe ki te whakaora. Ko te mātāpono tūpato tonu te mea nui: ina kore e oti ngā raraunga, me whai ngā kaupapa here i tētahi huarahi ātaahua hei ārai i ngā kino atu.
2. Ngā Tautuhinga Taputapu Hī Ika me te Kōwhiringa
Ko tētahi rautaki whakaora nui ko te whakanui ake i te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu hī ika. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te tohutohu i ngā kaihao ika ki te hopu i ngā ika whainga e taea te kai, kaua ki ngā ika ririki kāore anō kia whai wā ki te whakaputa uri. Ko ētahi kaupapa here ka taea te whakatinana ko:
– Te whakatau i te rahi iti rawa o te kupenga kia taea ai e ngā ika ririki te mawhiti.
– Te aukati, te whakawhāiti rānei i ngā taputapu hī ika whakangaro.
– Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakaiti i ngā hopunga taha.
– Te whakatakoto i te momo tokotoko hī ika, i te momo matau rānei e pai ake ana mō ētahi momo ika.
Mā te pai ake o te whiriwhiri, ka heke te auau mate o ngā ika taitamariki, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te taupori kia ora ake.
3. Te Katinga o te Wā me ngā Wāhi Hī Ika
Ko ngā katinga ā-wā i te wā whakaputa uri tētahi o ngā huarahi tino whai hua hei āwhina i ngā ika ki te whakaputa uri. I tēnei wā, ka huihui ngā ika pakeke ki te whakaputa uri, ā, ka ngoikore ake rātou ki te hī ika. Ki te haere tonu te hī ika, ka whakararuraruhia te whakaoranga o ngā kararehe. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakatau i tētahi wā kati i runga i te koiora o ngā momo.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā te katinga o ngā rohe e hangai ana ki te wāhi – hei tauira, ngā rohe kore hopu ika i ngā wāhi whakaputa uri, i ngā wāhi whakatipu ika rānei – ka taea te whakaiti i te pēhanga hī ika i roto i ngā nohonga nui. Ka taea e ēnei kaupapa here te hanga i ngā rohe tiaki moana me ngā taumata tiaki rerekē, mai i ngā here taputapu ki ngā aukati katoa.
4. Te Whakatinanatanga Ture me te Whakakorenga i te Hī Ika IUU
Kāore he rautaki whakaora e angitu me te kore he mana whakahaere ture kaha. Kei te noho tonu te hī ika IUU (te hī ika turekore, te hī ika kāore i ripoatatia, me te hī ika kāore i whakahaeretia) hei tūmomo mōrearea nui, e whakaiti ana i ngā kararehe kāore i tirohia, ā, e whara ana hoki i ngā kaihao ika e whai ana i ngā ture. Ka taea te whakapakari i te tirotiro mā te:
– Te tirotiro moana whakakotahi.
– He pūnaha aroturuki pūmau mō ngā oko toto.
– Te tirotiro i ngā tauranga ika kia tika ai te hopunga.
– Ngā whiu pumau, pumau hoki.
Me haere tahi hoki te whakatinanatanga o te ture me ngā whakapainga o te whakahaere, tae atu ki te māramatanga o te raihana, te whakahaere i te maha o ngā kaipuke, me te whakaiti i ngā ara ture e ngāwari ana te whakamahi kino.
5. Te Whakaora i te Nohoanga Matua: Ngā Mangrove, Ngā Tarutaru Moana, me Ngā Ākau Korara
He maha ngā momo ika e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai hei whāngai, hei whakaruruhau, hei whakaputa uri hoki. Ka tiakina e ngā mangrove ngā takutai moana, ā, ka whakaratohia he wāhi whakatipu mō ngā ika me ngā kōura. Ka whakaratohia hoki e ngā moenga tarutaru moana he kai me he wāhi noho mō ngā momo rauropi maha. Ka tautokohia e ngā toka korara te nui o te kanorau koiora, ā, he kāinga mō te tini o ngā momo ika toka.
Ka taea te whakaora i ngā nohoanga mā te whakaora i ngā mangrove, te whakato tarutaru moana ki ngā wāhi e tika ana, te whakaora i ngā toka korara, me te whakahaere i ngā mahi whakangaro pērā i te keri onepu, te whakahokinga mai i ngā mea kāore i te whakahaeretia, te whakakorenga para rānei. He roa te wā e pau ana ki ēnei mahi, engari he hua mō te wā roa mō te hua o ngā mahi hī ika.
6. Huarahi Hapori-Ōhanga: Te Tiaki i ngā Kaihao Ika i te Wā Whakaora
He maha ngā wā ka ara ake ngā āwangawanga mō te whakakaha i ngā ture hī ika: he aha ngā mea ka pā ki ngā kaihao ika ina kati te wā hī ika, ina whakaitihia rānei ngā rohenga? Nō reira, me uru ki ngā rautaki whakaora ngā mahi pāpori-ōhanga hei whakarite kia whakaaetia, kia tutuki hoki ngā kaupapa here. Ko ētahi huarahi hei whakaaroaro ko:
– He āwhina rangitahi, he utu rānei i te wā kati o te whakataetae.
– Te kanorau o ngā mahi oranga, pērā i te mahi hī ika tauwhiro, te tūruhi taiao, te tukatuka kai moana rānei.
– Te whakapiki i te uara tāpiri mā te whakapai ake i te mekameka makariri, te takai me te urunga atu ki te mākete.
– He kaupapa pūtea iti mō ngā pakihi rerekē.
Mena ka whai hua ngā kaihao ika mō te wā roa, ā, ka tautokona hoki rātou i te wā o te whakawhiti, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka angitu te whakaoranga.
7. Te Whakahaere Hapori me te Whakahaere Ngātahi
Kua kitea te whai huatanga o ngā tauira whakahaere tahi i roto i ngā horopaki maha nā te mea e whakatairanga ana i te mana whakahaere me te ngohengohe. He maha ngā mōhiotanga tuku iho a ngā kaihao ika o te rohe mō ngā wā hī ika, ngā wāhi whakaputa uri, me ngā āhuatanga wai e huri haere ana. Ina honoa tēnei mōhiotanga ki ngā raraunga pūtaiao, ka tino pono ake ngā kaupapa here.
I roto i te whakahaere tahi, ko te mahi a te kāwanatanga he whakarato i te anga ture, te tautoko hangarau, me te tirotiro, ko ngā hapori ia e whai wāhi ana ki te whakamahere, te aroturuki, me te whakamana i te taumata ā-rohe. He taputapu whai hua ngā tikanga pēnei i ngā ture kāinga takutai moana, ngā whakaaetanga rohe hī ika rānei.
8. Te Whakarerekētanga Āhuarangi me te Whakaiti i te Parahanga
Kāore e taea te wehewehe i te whakaoranga o ngā ika mai i ngā wero o te huringa āhuarangi. Ka uru pea ki te urutau te aroturuki i ngā huringa o te tohatoha ika, te tiaki i ngā rauropi ārai, me te whakamahere hī ika ngāwari. I taua wā, ko te whakaiti i te parahanga—ina koa ko te para kirihou me ngā matūkai—me noho hei kaupapa matua mā te whakapai ake i te whakahaere para, te tukatuka para, me te aroturuki i ngā mahi ahumahi.
Mā te kounga wai pai ake ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te oranga o ngā torongū ika, ā, ka whakapakari ake i te manawanui o te pūnaha rauropi ki ētahi atu ahotea.
Ngā Tohu Angitu i roto i te Whakaora i ngā Kararehe Ika
Ka taea te ine i te angitu mā roto i ētahi tohu, pērā i te whakanui ake i te rahi toharite o ngā ika i hopukina, te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā ika kua pakeke, te whakapai ake i te hopunga mō ia mahi (CPUE), me te whakaora i te nohonga tautoko. He mea nui te aroturukitanga auau kia tino whai hua ai ngā kaupapa here kua whakatinanahia, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē mēnā kāore ngā hua e tutuki i ngā tumanakohanga.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te otinga tere te whakaora i ngā ika e tata ana ki te ngaro—he tukanga wā-waenga ki te wā roa e hiahia ana ki ngā kaupapa here ōrite me te mahi tahi a ngā rāngai. Ko te rautaki tino kaha ko te whakakotahitanga o te whakahaere pūtaiao, ngā here hopu tika, te tiaki i ngā nohoanga, te whakatinanatanga ture mō te hī ika IUU, me te tautoko pāpori-ōhanga mō ngā hapori takutai. Mā te huarahi whānui me te whai wāhi, ka taea te whakaora i ngā ika, ka taea te whakahoki i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana ki te taurite, ā, ka taea te pupuri i ngā mahi hī ika kia pumau mō ngā reanga kei te heke mai.
