Te Pānga o te Huarere me te Āhuarangi ki te Hī ika
He rāngai nui te hī ika mō te haumarutanga kai, te whakatairanga i ngā ōhanga takutai, me te whakarato oranga mō ngā miriona tāngata. Heoi, kāore te hua o te hī ika e whakatauhia ana e te hangarau hī ika, te wātea o ngā pūtea, ngā kaupapa here whakahaere rānei; he nui hoki te awe o ngā āhuatanga taiao. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga taiao tino nui ko te rangi me te āhuarangi. Ahakoa e whakamahia ngātahitia ana ēnei āhuatanga e rua, he rerekētanga nui kei a rāua: ko te rangi e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi poto (haora ki ngā rā), ko te āhuarangi ia e pā ana ki ngā tauira huarere toharite mō te wā roa (ngā wā ki ngā tekau tau). Ka taea e ngā huringa o ngā mea e rua te pā tika ki ngā mahi hī ika, me te kore tika hoki mā roto i ngā huringa o ngā rauropi wai moana me te wai uta.
Te Rerekētanga i waenga i te Huarere me te Āhuarangi i roto i te Horopaki Hī Ika
I roto i ngā mahi hī ika, he mea nui te huarere ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere: te haumaru o ngā kaihao ika, ngā wātaka hī ika, me te whai huatanga o te hī ika. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā hau kaha me ngā ngaru teitei te aukati i ngā poti iti ki te wehe atu, ka whakaiti i ngā rā hī ika, ka whakaiti hoki i te moni whiwhi. I taua wā, ka pā te āhuarangi ki te wātea o ngā rauemi ika mō ngā wā roa, pērā i ngā huringa o ngā wā ua me ngā wā maroke, ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana o te mata o te moana, me ngā panonitanga o te tohatoha ika nā te mahana o te ao.
He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga nā te mea he rerekē anō hoki ngā rautaki urutau. Me tere ngā urupare mō te rangi, pērā i ngā whakatūpato wawe me te whakarite anō i ngā mahi. Me huri ngā rautaki mō te wā roa mō te āhuarangi, pērā i te whakahaere kararehe, te whakanui i ngā taputapu, te neke rānei i ngā taunga hī ika.
Te Pānga o te Huarere ki ngā Mahi Hī Ika
Ko te huarere kino tētahi o ngā mōrearea nui rawa atu mō ngā kaihao ika. Ka taea e te hau, ngā ngaru, te ua nui, te uira, me te kohu te whakawhāiti i ngā mahi hī ika, inā koa mō ngā waka iti e whakamahi ana i ngā poti kāore he papa, he mīhini iti rānei te kaha. I ētahi wā, ka akiakihia ngā kaihao ika ki te noho ki uta mō ngā rā, mō ngā wiki rānei. Ko te pānga tonu ko te whakaiti i te tuku ika i te mākete, te pikinga o ngā utu, me te iti o ngā whiwhinga moni mō ngā kaihao ika.
Haunga te haumaru, ka pāngia hoki te whai huatanga o ngā taputapu hī ika e te huarere. He rerekē te mahi a ngā kupenga hiakai, ngā kupenga hiki, ngā matau, me ngā aho roa i raro i ētahi āhuatanga ngaru me te au. Ka ārai pea ngā au kaha i te whakatuwheratanga katoa o te kupenga, ka uaua rānei te unu i a ia. Ka taea hoki e te ua me te hau te whakaiti i te tirohanga me te whakararuraru i te whakatere, ka uaua ai mō ngā kaihao ika te tae atu ki ngā taunga hī ika whai hua.
Te Pānga o ngā Wā ki te Wātea o ngā Ika me ngā Tauira Hekenga
I roto i te nuinga o ngā rohe pārūrū, he tino whakawhirinaki ngā tauira hī ika ki ngā wā o te tau. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā hau marangai o te hauauru me te rawhiti te whakarerekē i ngā ia, ngā pāmahana, me te hua o te wai. Ka pā ēnei huringa ki te wātea o te plankton hei puna kai matua, ka pā anō hoki ki te nui o ngā ika o te moana pērā i te tuna, te makarera, te ika pari, me te ika tātini. Ina pai ake ngā āhuatanga o te moana ki te piki ake (te pikinga ake o te wai moana whai matūkai mai i te raro), ka piki ake te hua, ā, ka huihui ngā ika, ka māmā ake te hī ika. I tetahi atu taha, i ētahi wā, ka marara, ka neke rānei ngā ika i ō rātou wāhi, ka heke iho ngā hopunga.
E pā ana hoki ngā huringa o te wā ki ngā huringa whakaputa uri. He maha ngā momo e whakaputa uri ana i ngā wā motuhake e pai ai te pāmahana, te tote, me te kai mō ngā torongū. Mena ka huri ngā wā, ka puta pinepine rānei te huarere kino, ka heke te angitu o te whakaputa uri, ā, ka mōrearea ngā momo ika mō te wā roa.
Te Huringa Āhuarangi me ōna Pānga ki ngā Pūnaha Rauropi Wai
Kei te kawe mai te huringa āhuarangi o te ao i ngā pānga whānui ake, matatini ake hoki. Ko tētahi tohu nui ko te pikinga o te pāmahana o te mata o te moana. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka neke ētahi momo ika ki ngā wai matao, ki ngā whānui teitei ake, ki ngā hohonutanga nui ake rānei. Ka puta he nekehanga i roto i ngā taunga hī ika: ko ngā wāhi i mua he nui te ika ka heke pea te hua, ko ētahi atu wāhi ka piki ake pea. Ka taea e tēnei nekehanga te arahi ki ngā pakanga i waenga i ngā kaihao ika, i waenga rānei i ngā rohe mena kāore e whakatikatikaina te urunga me te whakahaere.
Haunga te pāmahana, ka puta hoki i te huringa āhuarangi te waikawa o te moana nā te pikinga o te mimiti o te hauhā waro. Ka ārai te waikawa i te hanganga o te konupūmā kāponāte i roto i ngā rauropi pērā i te korara, te mātaitai, me ētahi momo plankton. Nā te mea he maha ngā ika e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā toka korara hei kāinga noho, hei piringa, hei wāhi whāngai, ka taea e te kino o te toka te whakaiti i te kanorau me te hua o ngā mahi hī ika toka.
Ka noho hoki ngā rohe takutai moana hei tūkino i te pikinga o ngā taumata o te moana me te kaha o te tupuhi. Tērā pea ka pakaru, ka toremi rānei ngā roto ika, ngā tauranga hī ika, me ngā hanganga mekameka makariri. Mēnā ka whakaitihia ngā pūnaha rauropi mangrove, ka ngoikore te kaha o te takutai ki te tu atu i ngā ngaru, ā, ka ngaro ngā wāhi whakatipu kararehe mō te tini o ngā mea ora i roto i te wai.
Tirohanga Huarere Tino: El Niño me La Niña
I Initonīhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, he nui te pānga o te āhuatanga El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ki te hua o ngā mahi hī ika. He maha ngā wā e hono ana a El Niño ki ngā āhuatanga maroke i ngā wāhi maha o Initonīhia, tae atu ki ngā huringa o ngā ia me ngā pāmahana o te moana. I ētahi wāhi, ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te hua o te wai me te whakaiti i ētahi momo ika, i ētahi atu wāhi ia, ka taea e ia te whakaoho i te kukū o ngā ika nā ngā huringa o te tohatoha papatipu wai.
I tetahi atu taha, ka nui ake te ua o te La Niña, ā, ka puta pea he waipuke, me te pikinga o te rere o te awa, e kawe ana i ngā paru me ngā matūkai ki te moana. E rua ngā pānga: ka taea e ngā matūkai te whakanui ake i te hua, engari ka taea e te paru nui te kino i ngā toka korara me te whakaiti i te kounga o te nohoanga. Mō ngā hī ika o uta, ka pāngia ngā panonitanga o te rere o te wai e ngā hua ika o te awa me te roto, me te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te mate nā te rerekētanga o te kounga o te wai.
Pānga ki te Ahuwhenua
He hononga tata hoki te mahi ahuwhenua ika ki ngā pānga o te rangi me te āhuarangi. Ko te pāmahana o te wai te mea e whakatau ana i te tipu, te hiahia kai, me te tere oranga o ngā ika me ngā kōura. Ka taea e ngā ngaru wera te whakararuraru me te mate nui, inā koa ka heke te hāora wairewa. Ka taea e te ua nui te whakaheke ohorere i te tote o te roto, ka ngawari ai ngā kōura me ngā ika ki te pāngia e te mate.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka pāngia pea te wātea o ngā kai māori e te huringa āhuarangi, ka whakaoho i te whanaketanga o ngā mate urutā, ka whakanui ake hoki i te auau o ngā pakarutanga o ngā mate. Mō ngā mahi ahuwhenua ika moana, pērā i ngā kete kupenga pōturi, ka whakanui ake ngā tupuhi me ngā ngaru teitei i te mōrearea o te kino o te hanganga me te mawhiti o ngā ika, ka pāngia ai te taha ōhanga me te taiao.
Ngā Rautaki Whakarerekētanga me te Whakaiti i te Rāngai Hī Ika
Ko te aro atu ki ngā pānga o te rangi me te āhuarangi me whai rautaki urutau kua whakaritea. Tuatahi, whakapakari i ngā mōhiohio huarere me ngā pūnaha whakatūpato wawe e ngāwari ana te uru atu ki ngā kaihao ika. Ko ngā mōhiohio mō ngā ngaru, ngā hau, ngā ia, me te tūponotanga o te tupuhi ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā aituā me te whakapiki ake i te whai huatanga i te moana. Tuarua, whakapai ake i te haumaru kaipuke mā roto i ngā taputapu haumaru paerewa, ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero reo irirangi, me te whakangungu whakatere.
Mō te wā roa, me urutau ake te whakahaere hī ika ki ngā huringa āhuarangi, hei tauira mā te whakarerekē i ngā wā hī ika, te whakawhāiti i ngā taputapu hī ika e kino ana ki te kāinga, me te tiaki i ngā wāhi whakaputa uri me ngā wāhi whakatipu. Mā te whakanui ake i te oranga me te whakawhanake i ngā pakihi tukatuka ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hopunga o ia rā.
Mō te mahi ahuwhenua ika, ka uru pea te urutau ki te whiriwhiri i ngā hua e ātete ana ki ngā huringa pāmahana me te tote, te whakahaere kounga wai pakari ake, te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha hau, me ngā hoahoa roto me ngā whare herehere e ātete ana ki ngā huarere kino. He mea nui anō hoki te whakaora i ngā māngaro me te tiaki i ngā toka korara nā te mea ka whakapakari i te ātete o te rauropi me te tautoko i te hua o ngā mahi hī ika.
Te Katinga
He pānga nui tō te rangi me te āhuarangi ki ngā mahi hī ika, mai i te haumaru me ngā mahi hī ika, ki te wātea o ngā ika, tae atu ki te pumau o ngā pūnaha rauropi me ngā hanganga o te takutai moana. He pānga tere, he pānga tonu tō te rangi, ko te āhuarangi ia ka hanga i ngā huringa roa ka taea te whakarerekē i te tohatoha ika me te whakanui ake i ngā mōrearea ki ngā pūnaha rauropi. Nō reira, ko te manawanui o te rāngai hī ika me whai i ngā mahi e whai ake nei: ngā mōhiohio tika mō te rangi, te whakapai ake i te haumaru, te whakahaere rauemi pumau, me te urutau ki te mahi ahuwhenua ika me te tiaki i ngā nohoanga. Mā tēnei huarahi, ka taea e ngā hī ika te noho hua tonu, me te kaha hoki ki te aro atu ki ngā wero tino nui o te rangi kino me te huringa āhuarangi.
