Te Tāutu i ngā Momo Plankton hei Kai Taiao
Pendahuluan
Ko ngā plankton he rauropi moroiti e mānu ana i te wai, ā, koinei te pūtake o te mekameka kai wai. He mahi nui tā rātou i roto i ngā rauropi moana me ngā rauropi wai māori. E rua ngā momo matua o te plankton: te phytoplankton me te zooplankton. Ko ngā phytoplankton "tipu" e mahi ana i te photosynthesis, ko ngā zooplankton ia ko ngā plankton "kararehe" e kai ana i te phytoplankton me ētahi atu rauropi. I roto i te horopaki o te mahi ahumoana, te mahi wai rānei, he mahi nui tā te plankton hei kai māori mō te maha o ngā momo ika me ngā invertebrate. E tautuhia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo plankton e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei kai māori i roto i te mahi ahumoana.
Ngā momo phytoplankton
1. Ngā Diatom (Bacillariophyta)
– Ko ngā diatom tētahi o ngā momo phytoplankton tino noa, tino nui hoki. He mea hanga ō rātou pakitara pūtau ki te silica, ā, he rerekē te āhua, pērā i ngā pounamu, ngā poraka, me ngā whetū. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā diatom hei kai mā ngā ika me ngā torongū mollusk nā te mea he nui te uara kai. Ko ngā tauira o ngā diatom e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko Thalassiosira me Skeletonema.
2. Chlorophyta (Rimu Kakariki)
– Ko ngā karengo matomato he rōpū phytoplankton kei roto te chlorophyll a me te b, ka hoatu ki a rātou te tae matomato. Ka tere te whakaputa uri, ā, he puna nui o te pūmua me ngā huaora mō ngā torongū ika me te kōura. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā karengo matomato e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te mahi ahumoana ko Chlorella me Dunaliella.
3. Cyanobacteria (Aruwhenua Kahurangi-Kakariki)
– Ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka pohehetia he rimurimu, he huakita whakaahua-ā-tinana ngā cyanobacteria. Ka taea e rātou te hanga koroni nui, ā, he pai hoki mō ētahi momo ika wai māori, pērā i te tilapia. Ko te Spirulina tētahi tauira o ngā cyanobacteria e whakamahia ana hei tāpiringa kai nā te mea he nui te pūmua me te iti o ngā matūkai.
Ngā momo Zooplankton
1. Ngā Copepod
– He rōpū kōpepoda ngā kōpepoda iti e kitea ana i roto i te nuinga o ngā momo wai. He wāhanga nui rātou o ngā whatunga kai wai, ā, he kai tūturu hoki mā ngā momo torongū ika me ngā invertebrate maha. Ko ngā tauira o ngā kōpepoda e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te mahi ahumoana ko Acartia me Tigriopus.
2. Ngā Rotifera
He momo zooplankton moroiti ngā rotifer, he rite ki te wira te āhua, ā, he mea kapi ki ngā cilia, hei whakamahi mā rātou mō te kaukau me te tātari. He mea nui ngā rotifer ki te mahi ahuwhenua ika nā te iti o te rahi me te nui o ngā kai, ā, he pai hei kai tīmatanga mā ngā ika me ngā torongū invertebrate. Ko tētahi rotifer e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko Brachionus plicatilis.
3. Cladocera (Daphnia)
– Ko ngā daphnia, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā puruhi wai, he zooplankton wai māori e whai wāhi nui ana ki te mekameka kai wai. Ka whakamahia rātou i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua hei kai mā ngā ika taitamariki me ētahi atu invertebrate. He puna pai ngā daphnia o te pūmua me te ngako, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakatipu.
4. Ngā manga (Artemia)
– He kai tino rongonui te Artemia, e mōhiotia ana ko te kōura wai māori, i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua ika. Ka taea te penapena i ngā hua pūmua Artemia mō te wā roa, ā, ka puta mai ina rumakina ki te wai tote. He puna kai nui te Artemia, he pūmua me ngā waikawa ngako nui mō ngā ika me ngā torongū pāpaka.
Te Hiranga o te Plankton i roto i te Ahuwhenua
I roto i te mahi ahuwhenua ika, ko te whakarato i te kai tūturu tika i ngā wāhanga tōmua o te tipu te mea nui ki te angitu. He matea kai motuhake ā ngā ika me ngā torongū kore-tāiao, ā, he uaua ki te whakatutuki mā te kai hangai anake. Nō reira, he puna kai pai te plankton nā te mea he maha ngā matūkai nui kei roto, tae atu ki ngā pūmua, ngā lipid, ngā warowaihā, ngā huaora, me ngā kohuke.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka āwhina hoki ngā plankton ki te pupuri i te kounga o te wai i roto i ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua ika. Hei tauira, ka mahi ngā phytoplankton i te photosynthesis me te whakaputa hāora, e āwhina ana ki te tautoko i te taiao hauora mō ngā rauropi whakatipu. I tetahi atu taha, ka āwhina ngā zooplankton ki te whakahaere i ngā taupori phytoplankton, ka ārai i te puāwaitanga o ngā rimurimu ka kino pea te kounga o te wai.
Ngā Tukanga Whakatipu Plankton
Ko te whakaputanga papatipu o te plankton me whai tikanga whakatipu pai me ngā āhuatanga taiao tino pai. Anei ētahi mahi taketake mō te whakatipu plankton:
1. Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Pāpāho me ngā Matūkai
– Me tautoko te rauemi whakatipu e whakamahia ana i te tipu hauora o te plankton. Me whai matūkai ngā phytoplankton kei roto te hauota, te whākawa, me ngā huānga moroiti. Me whai kai ngā zooplankton i te ahua o te phytoplankton, ētahi atu matūriki rauropi rānei.
2. Ngā Āhuatanga Taiao
– He mea nui te pāmahana, te tote, te māramatanga, me te hau e whakapūmau ana. Mō ngā phytoplankton, he mea nui te māramatanga tika mō te photosynthesis, engari me iti te māramatanga o ngā zooplankton hei whakaiti i te ahotea.
3. Te werohanga me te tiaki
– Ka tīmata te whakatipu plankton mā te werohanga o ngā purapura plankton ki roto i tētahi oneone kua oti te whakarite. Ko te tiaki ko te whakarato i ngā matūkai i ia wā, te whakahaere i te taiao, me te aroturuki i te taupori plankton me te hauora.
4. Te hauhake
– Me mahi te hauhake plankton i te wā e tino nui ana te maha o ngā taupori kia pai ai te nui o ngā matūkai. Ka taea te hauhake i ngā phytoplankton mā te tātari, ko te zooplankton ia ka taea te hauhake mā te whakatōpuku, mā te whakamahi rānei i tētahi kupenga mata-pai.
Ngā Wero me ngā Otinga
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te whakatipu plankton, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki a ia. Ko tētahi o ēnei ko te mōrearea o te poke o ngā moroiti mate, ka pā kino ki te hauora o ngā ika me ngā kararehe kore-tāiao. Ka taea te whakatika i tēnei mā te whakarite kia kore he wai parakore o ngā puna wai me ngā pāpāho whakatipu, me te whakatinana i ngā tikanga whakahaere pai.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ko ngā rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga taiao, pērā i te huringa o te pāmahana me te tote, ka pā ki te tipu me te kounga o te plankton. Nō reira, he mea nui te aroturuki me te whakahaere pakari kia mau tonu ai ngā āhuatanga tino pai.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a te plankton, arā, te phytoplankton me te zooplankton, hei kai māori i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua ika. Ka whakaratohia e rātou ngā matūkai nui hei tautoko i te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā ika me ngā torongū invertebrate. Ko te māramatanga pakari ki ngā momo plankton me ngā tikanga whakatipu whai hua te mea nui ki te whakanui ake i ō rātou pūmanawa. Mā te aro atu ki ngā wero o nāianei me te whakamahi i ngā otinga tika, ka taea e te plankton te whai wāhi nui ki te angitu o te mahi ahuwhenua ika.
