Rauemi rokiroki hiko i roto i ngā pūnga
E rua ngā pereti/pepa o ngā kaiārahi hiko e hangaia ana te pūnga hiko, ā, kei waenganui i ngā kaiārahi hiko e rua he matū whakapūmau hiko. I te tīmatanga, kāore ngā kaiārahi hiko e rua e utaina ana ki te hiko. Kia mahi ai te pūnga hiko, me utaina ia pereti/pepa o te kaiārahi hiko, ā, he rite tonu te nui o te utu hiko i runga i ia kaiārahi hiko engari he rerekē ngā momo. Hei tauira, ko te utu o tētahi kaiārahi hiko he Q = +10 Coulomb, kātahi ko te utu o tētahi atu kaiārahi hiko he Q = -10 Coulomb. Mā te noho mai o te utu hiko kotahi te rahi engari he rerekē ngā momo utu hiko i runga i ngā kaiārahi hiko e rua ka hangaia he papa hiko i waenganui i ngā pereti kaiārahi hiko e rua, ko te ahunga o te papa hiko mai i te utu pai ki te utu kino. Hei tāpiri, ka puta hoki he rerekētanga pūmanawa hiko i waenganui i ngā kaiārahi hiko e rua, ko te kaha hiko o te kaiārahi hiko he nui ake, ko te kaha hiko o te kaiārahi hiko he iti ake.
Hei utu i ngā kaiārahi e rua, ka honoa ki tētahi pūtake hiko, pērā i te pākahiko, i tētahi atu pūtake hiko rānei. I te tīmatanga, he kūpapa ngā kaiārahi e rua, he ōrite te maha o ngā irahiko kua utua kinotia me ngā porotona kua utua paitia. Kātahi ka whakawhitia ngā irahiko mai i tētahi kaiārahi ki tētahi atu, ka mutu ka ngaro ngā irahiko o te kaiārahi ka utua paitia, ā, ka whiwhi i ngā irahiko ka utua kinotia. Ko te maha o ngā irahiko kua whakawhitia he ōrite ki te maha o ngā irahiko i whiwhihia, ka mutu ka rite te utu hiko o ia kaiārahi. Me mōhio, ina honoa he pūnga ki tētahi pākahiko, ka mahi te pākahiko hei kaiārahi, ka whakawhiti i ngā irahiko mai i tētahi kaiārahi ki tētahi atu.
Ka honoa tētahi ara iahiko ki te pou kino, ā, ka honoa tētahi ara iahiko ki te pou pai. Mā te noho mai o tētahi rerekētanga pūmanawa hiko (V) i waenganui i ngā pito pākahiko e rua ka puta te whakawhiti irahiko (q) mai i tētahi ara iahiko ki tētahi atu. Ka mutu te whakawhiti irahiko ina rite te rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenganui i ngā ara iahiko e rua ki te rerekētanga pūmanawa o te pākahiko. I te tīmatanga, ina kore ngā ara iahiko e utaina ana ki te hiko, kāore he mahi e hiahiatia ana hei neke i ngā irahiko. Kia puta he utu hiko i runga i ia ara iahiko, ka hiahiatia he mahi hei neke i ngā irahiko. Ko te nui ake o te utu hiko i runga i ia ara iahiko, ko te nui ake o te mahi e hiahiatia ana hei neke i ngā irahiko nā te kaha pana i waenganui i ngā irahiko.
Kāore te whakawhiti irahiko mai i tētahi kaiārahi ki tētahi atu e puta i te wā kotahi, engari ka āta haere, kia piki haere ai te ngaohiko hiko i waenga i ngā kaiārahi e rua. Nō reira, hei tatau i te mahi katoa (W) i te wā whakawhiti irahiko, ka whakamahia te uara ngaohiko toharite (V/2). Nō reira, ko te mahi e mahia ana hei neke i ngā irahiko ko W = Q (V/2) = 1/2 Q V. Nā te mea ka hurihia te mahi hei neke i ngā irahiko hei pūngao pūmanawa hiko e rongoatia ana i roto i te pūngao, ko te pūngao pūmanawa hiko e rongoatia ana i roto i te pūngao ko EP = 1/2 Q V. Nā te mea ko Q = CV, ka taea te whakarerekē i te tātai EP = 1/2 QV ki EP = 1/2 QV = 1/2 (CV)(V) = 1/2 CV.2 me EP = 1/2 QV = 1/2 (Q)(Q/C) = 1/2 Q2/C. Whakaahuatanga: Q = utu hiko, C = kaha hiko, V = ngaohiko hiko.
Pūngao hiko i roto i te mara hiko
I te wā e utua ana, ina tīmata te utu o ia kaiārahi, ka hangaia he āpure hiko i waenganui i ngā pereti/pepa kaiārahi e rua. Nō reira, ehara i te mea ka puta he utu hiko i te kaiārahi nā te mahi i mahia, engari ka hangaia hoki he āpure hiko i waenganui i ngā pereti/pepa kaiārahi e rua. Nā te mea ka hurihia te mahi hei pūngao pūmanawa hiko e rongoatia ana i roto i te pūngao, ka taea te kī kei roto i te āpure hiko te pūngao e rongoatia ana.
Kua ahu mai te tātai e whai ake nei hei whakamatau pāngarau i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te pūngao pūmanawa hiko me ngā mara hiko.
I roto i te tuhinga i tapaina ko pūnga pereti whakarara kua ahu mai te tātai C = A εo/s me te tuhinga i tapaina ko pūmanawa hiko Kua whakahuatia te tātai V = E s. I mua ake nei, i ahu mai te tātai mō te pūngao hiko e rongoatia ana i roto i te pūnga, arā, EP = 1/2 CV2.
Whakaahuatanga tātai: EP = pūngao pūmanawa hiko, A = horahanga mata, s = tawhiti, A s = rōrahi, E = papa hiko, EP/A s = pūngao pūmanawa hiko mō ia rōrahi = kiato pūngao.
E kī ana te tātai i runga ake nei ko te pūngao pūmanawa hiko mō ia wae rōrahi o te wāhi i roto i te papa hiko he rite ki te tapawhā o te papa hiko. Mena he dielectric kei waenganui i ngā pereti/pepa arataki e rua, ko εo (te āheinga ātea kore utu) ka whakakapia e te āheinga rauemi (ε). Ahakoa i ahu mai tēnei whārite kiato pūngao mā te whakamahi i te whārite pūngao pereti whakarara, ka pā anō hoki tēnei whārite ki ngā wāhi katoa he āpure hiko tōna.
