Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Ako e Hangai ana ki te Raruraru
Ko te Ako-Hangai-Raruraru (PBL) he huarahi whakaako e whakanoho ana i ngā raruraru o te ao tūturu ki waenganui o te tukanga ako. Mā te PBL, ka akiakihia ngā ākonga ki te whakawhanake i te whakaaroaro arohaehae, te whakaoti rapanga, me ngā pūkenga mahi tahi.
1. Te Mārama ki te Ako e Hangai ana ki te Raruraru
Ko te Ako-Raruraru he huarahi mātauranga e whakamahi ana i ngā rapanga hei horopaki mā ngā ākonga ki te whiwhi mātauranga me ngā ariā hou. Ehara i te mea ko te kimi otinga anake te kaupapa o te PBL, engari ko te mārama hoki ki te whakaaro hei whakatutuki i aua otinga. Ko te tikanga, ka whakauruhia e te huarahi PBL ngā momo marautanga hei whakaoti rapanga.
2. Hītori me te Whanaketanga o te PBL
I tīmata tuatahitia te Ako Tuhi-Raruraru e te Kura Hauora o te Whare Wānanga o McMaster i Kanata i te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1960. I reira, i whakawhanakehia te tikanga hei whakatika i te kore whakaae ki ngā tikanga whakaako tuku iho, i kiia nei kāore i te whai hua ki te āwhina i ngā ākonga hauora ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou pūkenga haumanu.
Mai i taua wā, kua whakatinanahia, kua urutauhia hoki te PBL e ngā whare wānanga maha o te ao, tae atu ki te hangarau, te pakihi, te ture, me te mātauranga whānui.
3. Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te PBL
He maha ngā mātāpono taketake hei tūāpapa mō te whakatinana i te Ako-Hangai-Raruraru, tae atu ki:
a. Te Ako Kaha
Ko te kaupapa matua o te PBL he whai wāhi kaha a ngā ākonga ki te tukanga ako. Me tūhura e ngā ākonga ngā mōhiohio me te kimi whakautu ki ngā raruraru kua hoatu, kaua e whiwhi noa i ngā mōhiohio mai i te kaiako.
b. I runga i ngā raruraru tūturu
Ko ngā raruraru e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te PBL he mea ahu mai i te ao tūturu, ā, he mea nui ake, he mea horopaki hoki mā ngā ākonga. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā ākonga te kite i te whakamahinga o ō rātou māramatanga ariā i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi.
c. Huarahi Whakawhitiwhiti Mātauranga
Ka akiakihia e te PBL te whai wāhi mai o ngā momo marautanga ki te whakaoti rapanga. Mā tēnei, ka taea e ngā ākonga te ako ki te tiro i tētahi raruraru mai i ngā tirohanga maha, ā, ka kitea he otinga whānui ake.
d. Te Ako Ngātahi
He mea nui te mahi tahi i roto i te PBL. Ka akiakihia ngā ākonga ki te ako tahi, ki te kōrero, me te whakawhitiwhiti mātauranga tetahi ki tetahi. Ehara i te mea ka whakawhanake noa i ngā pūkenga mahi tahi engari ka ako hoki i te hiranga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakaute i ngā whakaaro o ētahi atu.
e. Whakaaroaro
He mea nui te whakaaroaro i roto i te PBL. I muri i te otinga o te tukanga whakaoti rapanga, ka akiakihia ngā ākonga ki te whakaaroaro ki ngā mea i akohia e rātou, me pēhea rātou i tae atu ai ki te otinga, me ngā mea ka taea e rātou te whakapai ake ā muri ake nei.
f. Te Whakawhanake i ngā Pūkenga Whakaaroaro Matatika
Ka akiaki te PBL i ngā ākonga ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou pūkenga whakaaroaro arohaehae. Ko te tukanga tātari, whakahiato, me te aromatawai i ngā mōhiohio te mea nui ki te kimi i ngā otinga whai hua me te whai hua.
4. Ngā Hipanga i roto i te PBL
a. Te Tāutu i te Raru
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi i roto i te PBL ko te tautuhi me te mārama ki te raruraru hei whakaoti. Ko ngā ākonga, ko ngā rōpū ākonga rānei, ka tukuna ki a rātou he horopaki, he āhuatanga rānei e hiahia ana ki tētahi otinga.
b. Kohikohi Mōhiohio
Kia kitea te raruraru, ka kohia e ngā ākonga ngā mōhiohio e tika ana. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki tēnei ngā rapunga tuhinga, ngā uiuinga a ngā tohunga, ngā whakamātautau, me ētahi atu tikanga rerekē.
c. Te Tātari me te Tātaritanga
I tēnei wāhanga, ka tātarihia e ngā ākonga ngā mōhiotanga kua kohia e rātou kia mārama ai ki te pūtake o te raruraru me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki taua raruraru. Ka whakatauhia he tātaritanga raruraru i runga i ngā raraunga kua kohia.
d. Te Whakawhanaketanga o te Whakaaro
Mai i tēnei tātari, ka whakawhanakehia e ngā ākonga ētahi whakapae, ētahi atu otinga rānei hei whakamahi hei whakaoti rapanga.
e. Te Whakatinanatanga o te Otinga
Kātahi ka whakatinanahia te otinga kua whiriwhiria. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki tēnei tukanga ngā whakamātautau, te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here, ētahi atu mahi rānei e pā ana ki te horopaki o te raruraru.
f. Whakaaroaro me te Aromatawai
Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga ko te whakaaroaro me te aromatawai. Ka arotakehia e ngā ākonga te whai huatanga o te otinga kua whakatinanahia, ka whakaaroaro ki ngā mea i akohia e rātou mai i te tukanga, ā, ka whakaarohia me pēhea e taea ai e rātou te whakapai ake i tā rātou huarahi ki ngā raruraru ā muri ake nei.
5. Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o te PBL
Te taikaha
1. Whakapai ake i ngā Pūkenga Whakaaroaro Matatika. Nā te mea me tātari ngā ākonga i ngā raruraru me te kimi i ngā otinga mā rātou anō, ka whanake ake ō rātou pūkenga whakaaro matatika.
2. Te Ako Horopaki. Mā ngā raruraru o te ao tūturu ka hihiri ake ngā ākonga, ka mārama ake hoki ki te hiranga o ngā mea e akohia ana e rātou.
3. Te Mahi Ngātahi a te Tīma. Ka whakawhanakehia e te PBL ngā pūkenga mahi tahi me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero he mea nui i te wāhi mahi.
4. Te Ako Motuhake. Ka akiakihia ngā ākonga e te PBL kia noho hei ākonga motuhake e rapu ana i ngā mōhiotanga me ngā otinga takitahi.
Te kore
1. Te Wā me ngā Rauemi. Ka roa pea te tukanga PBL, ā, ka nui ake ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana i ngā tikanga whakaako tuku iho.
2. Ngā Pūkenga Kaiako. Me mātau ngā kaiako, ngā kaiārahi rānei ki te ārahi i te tukanga ako, me te whakarite kia whai wāhi kaha ngā ākonga katoa.
3. Aromatawai. He uaua ake te aromatawai i ngā putanga ako i roto i te PBL nā te mea he maha ngā āhuatanga e uru ana ki roto pērā i ngā pūkenga whakaaroaro arohaehae, te mahi tahi, me te matatau ki ngā rauemi.
6. Te Whakatinanatanga o te PBL i roto i ngā Marae Rerekē
a. Mātauranga Hauora
Pērā i tōna tīmatanga, ko te PBL tonu te huarahi matua i roto i te mātauranga hauora. Ka tukuna ngā take hauora ki ngā ākonga hauora hei tātari me te whakaoti, kia taea ai e rātou te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga haumanu e tika ana.
b. Te Hangarau me te Hangarau
I roto i te hangarau, ka whakamahia te PBL hei whakatika i ngā raruraru uaua e hiahia ana ki te mātauranga mai i ngā marautanga maha. Ka āwhina i ngā ākonga ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga hangarau me te tātari.
c. Mātauranga Pakihi
I roto i te ao pakihi, ka whakamahia te PBL hei whakaoti rapanga uaua ohaoha me te whakahaere, hei whakarite i ngā ākonga ki te aro atu ki ngā wero o te ao pakihi hihiri.
d. Mātauranga Whānui
Kua whakamahia hoki te PBL i roto i te mātauranga whānui hei whakaako i te pūtaiao, te pāngarau, me ngā ariā o ngā tikanga pāpori i roto i te huarahi whakauru me te horopaki pai ake.
Whakamutunga
He huarahi whakaako whai hua te Ako-Hangai-Raruraru (PBL) mō te whakawhanake i te whakaaro arohaehae, te mahi tahi, me ngā pūkenga whakaoti rapanga. Mā ngā mātāpono taketake pēnei i te whai wāhi kaha, te hiranga o te raruraru, te huarahi whakawhitiwhiti mātauranga, te mahi tahi, me te whakaaroaro, ehara i te mea ka ako noa te PBL i te mātauranga engari ka whakawhanake hoki i ngā pūkenga e hiahiatia ana i te ao tūturu. Ahakoa he uaua te wā me ngā rauemi, nā ngā painga roa o te PBL ka taea te whakatinana puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā mara mātauranga.
