Te Whakatō me te Whakamarara i te Kākano: Ngā Tukanga Hira i roto i te Ora o te Tipu
Ko te whakamomona me te tohatoha purapura he tukanga nui e rua i roto i te huringa ora o te tipu e āhei ai ngā momo tipu ki te ora me te whakaputa uri mai i tētahi whakatipuranga ki tētahi whakatipuranga. Mā te mārama ki ēnei tukanga e rua ka mārama ki te āhua o te pupuri i te kanorau koiora me te noho taurite o ngā pūnaha rauropi.
Te Hapūtanga: Te Hipanga Tuatahi i roto i te Hanganga o tētahi Oranga Hou
Ko te whakamomona te tukanga e tūtaki ai ngā pūtau tāne me ngā pūtau uwha hei hanga i tētahi zygote, ka whanake hei kākano. I roto i ngā tipu puāwai, ka tīmata tēnei tukanga mā te whakawhanaunga, arā, te whakawhiti i te hae mai i te anther ki te stigma o te pua.
1. Te whakapūpūtanga
He maha ngā huarahi e puta ai te whakapūpū, tae atu ki te hau, te wai, me ngā kaiwhakapūpū pērā i ngā pepeke, ngā manu, ngā pekapeka, me ētahi atu kararehe. Ko te hau hei kaiwhakapūpū ka kitea i roto i ngā tipu he iti ngā putiputi me te hae māmā, pērā i ngā tarutaru. I taua wā, ko ngā putiputi e whakapūpūhia ana e ngā pepeke he tino ātaahua ngā tae me ngā kakara.
2. Tukanga Whakamomona
Kia tae te pata hae ki te stigma, ka pihi ake, ka hanga he ngongo hae e uru ana ki te momo kia tae atu ki ngā hua manu i roto i te ovary o te putiputi. Kia tae atu ki te hua manu, ka honoa tetahi o ngā karihi parāoa ki te hua manu, ka puta he zygote. I roto i ngā tipu puāwai, ka puta pinepine te whakatōnga takirua; i te wā e honoa ana tetahi karihi parāoa ki te hua manu, ka honoa tetahi atu karihi parāoa ki ētahi atu karihi porowhita e rua hei hanga i te endosperm, e whakarato ana i te puna kai mō te kukune e tipu ana.
Te Hanga me te Whakawhanaketanga o te Kākano
He hanganga te kākano kei roto te kukune o tētahi tipu hou me ngā rahui kai e hiahiatia ana i ngā wāhanga tōmua o te whakatipu. I muri i te whakatōtōtanga, ka tīmata te whanaketanga o te hua manu hei kākano.
1. Te Tūranga o te Embryo me te Endosperm
Ko te kukune te wāhanga matua o te kākano ka whanake hei tipu hou. Ko te endosperm, te hua o te whakamomona takirua, ka mahi hei puna matūkai i te wā e pihi ana. I roto i ētahi kākano, pērā i te kānga me ngā momo witi, ka noho tonu te endosperm, ā, ka mahi hei rahui kai matua. I roto i ētahi atu kākano, pērā i te pī, ka tata katoa te endosperm ka tukuna ki ngā cotyledon.
2. Te Whanaketanga o te Cotyledon
Ko ngā kōtiretona, arā, ngā rau purapura, te wāhanga o te kukune e mimiti ana i ngā matūkai mai i te endosperm, kātahi ka noho hei rau tuatahi ina pihi te purapura. Ka rerekē te maha o ngā kōtiretona i waenga i te kotahi me te rua, e tohu ana i ngā momo tipu motuhake, arā, ngā monocots me ngā dicots.
Te Whakatōranga o te Kākano: Te Whakatōranga i te Ora Hou
He mea nui te horapa o ngā purapura mō tētahi momo tipu, kia puta ai he kanorau ira me ngā koroni hou e kore e whakataetae ki te tipu matua. He maha ngā tikanga kua whanake hei whakahaere i te horapa o ngā purapura.
1. Te horapa e te hau
Ka whakaputa ētahi tipu i ngā kākano me ngā āhuatanga motuhake e āhei ai te kawe a te hau. Hei tauira, ko te māmā me ngā hanganga parirau, huruhuru rānei e kitea ana i roto i ngā kākano dandelion me te maple ka āhei ai rātou ki te rere atu i ō rātou tipu matua.
2. Ka horahia e te wai
He maha ngā purapura e tere ana te rere o ngā tipu e tata ana ki te wai, pērā i te kokonati. Ka taea te kawe i ēnei purapura e ngā ia wai, i ētahi wā i tawhiti rawa, hei whakatipu i ngā wāhi hou.
3. Ka horahia e ngā Kararehe
He mahi nui tā ngā kararehe ki te horapa o ngā purapura. Ka puta pea tēnei tukanga i waho, mā te piri o ngā purapura ki te huruhuru, ki te kiri rānei o te kararehe, mā roto rānei, ka horomia ngā purapura, kātahi ka tukuna ki roto i ngā paru o te kararehe i tawhiti atu i te tipu taketake. Ko ngā hua reka, whai kiko hoki tētahi urutaunga e kukume ana i ngā kararehe ki te kai me te hora i ngā purapura.
4. I horahia e te tangata
Ahakoa ehara i te tikanga whanaketanga taiao, kua kawea mai e ngā mahi a te tangata he maha ngā tipu ki ngā kāinga hou. Nā te marara o te tangata, ahakoa i āta whakaarohia mā te ahuwhenua me te māra, i āta whakaarohia rānei mā te kawe waka, kua puta he panoni ki te horapa o ngā momo tipu maha puta noa i te ao.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā tukanga whakamomona me te tohatoha purapura he mea nui ki ngā rautaki whakaputa uri o ngā tipu, he mea nui mō te hanga me te pupuri i ngā rauropi. Ahakoa he māmā noa iho, he kore e kitea, he nui te pānga o ēnei tukanga ki te kanorau koiora me te pumau o te taiao.
Mā roto i ngā momo urutaunga, ka taea e ngā tipu te whakauru i ā rātou uri ki ngā taiao hou, kia ora ai rātou. Nō reira, ko te mārama ki te whakamomona me te tohatoha purapura ehara i te mea nui mō te koiora tipu anake, engari mō te tiaki i te ao koiora me te whakahaere rauemi taiao.
