Ngā Taputapu Matua o te Tukunga Hou
I tēnei wā o te ao whānui, he mea nui te mahi a te kaipuke hou i roto i te hokohoko o te ao, te tūruhi, me te nekeneke whānui. Ko te kawe waka moana tetahi o ngā tikanga kawe waka tino whai hua me te ohanga, i te mea he nui te kaha ka taea e ngā kaipuke te kawe, arā, ngā utanga me ngā pāhihi. Hei whakarite i te haumaru, te whai hua, me te tere o te kawe waka, me whakamahi i ngā momo taputapu matatau me ngā taputapu hou. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā taputapu nui e whakamahia ana i roto i te kawe waka hou, me pēhea hoki te āwhina a tēnei hangarau ki te whakapai ake i te haumaru me te whai huatanga o te whakatere moana.
1. Pūnaha Whakatere GPS
He hangarau nui te Pūnaha Tūnga Ao (GPS) mō te whakatere kaipuke o ēnei rā. Mā te GPS ka taea e ngā kaipuke te whakatau tika i tō rātou tūranga i te moana. Mā te āwhina o ngā amiorangi, ka taea e te GPS te whakarato raraunga tūnga tika tae noa ki roto i ētahi mita. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i ngā kāpene kaipuke me ngā kaimahi kia noho mōhio, kia whakatau hoki i ngā whakatau whakatere i runga i ngā raraunga wā-tūturu. Hei tāpiri, kua whakauruhia te GPS ki ētahi atu tono whakatere hei āwhina i te whakamahere huarahi me te karo i ngā tūponotanga i te moana.
2. ECDIS (Pūnaha Whakaaturanga Tūtohi me te Mōhiohio Hiko)
He pūnaha whakaatu tūtohi hiko me te pūnaha mōhiohio whakatere te ECDIS kua whakakapi i ngā tūtohi pepa tuku iho i runga i te maha o ngā kaipuke hou. Ehara i te mea ko ngā mapi matihiko anake e whakaatuhia ana e tēnei pūnaha engari kei roto hoki ngā mōhiohio tāpiri pēnei i ngā raraunga kaukau, ngā tūranga o ētahi atu kaipuke, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, me ētahi atu raraunga e tika ana. Mā te ECDIS ka taea e ngā kāpene me ngā kaiwhakatere te whakatere haumaru me te whai hua, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā tukinga me ngā hapa whakatere.
3. Rātari
He taputapu te radar e whakamahia ana hei kimi i ngā mea e karapoti ana mā te whakamahi i ngā ngaru reo irirangi. I roto i te ao kaipuke, he mea nui te radar hei kimi i ētahi atu kaipuke, whenua, me ētahi atu mea kāore e kitea e te kanohi tahanga, inā koa i te rangi kino, i te pō rānei. Ka whakamahia hoki te radar hei aroturuki i ngā nekehanga o ētahi atu kaipuke, hei karo i ngā tukinga, me te kimi i ngā arai i roto i ngā ara kaipuke.
4. AIS (Pūnaha Tautuhi Aunoa)
He pūnaha aunoa a AIS e whakamahia ana hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā kaipuke me ngā teihana takutai e pā ana ki tō rātou tuakiri, tūranga, tere, ahunga, me ētahi atu kōrero. He mea nui tēnei pūnaha mō te haumaru i te moana nā te mea ka āwhina i te karo i ngā tukinga mā te whakarato i ngā kōrero mārama mō ngā kaipuke tata. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina hoki a AIS i ngā mana whakahaere ki te whai me te aroturuki i ngā nekehanga o ngā kaipuke mō ngā take haumaru me te aroturuki i ngā waka moana.
5. Kāpehu Gyro
E whakamahia ana ngā kāpehu rori i runga i ngā kaipuke hou hei whakatau i te ahunga tika ake i ngā kāpehu aukume tuku iho. Ka whakamahia e ēnei kāpehu te hurihanga tere o te kōpae e hono ana ki te pūnaha kāpehu rori hei pupuri i te aronga pumau e pā ana ki te nekehanga o te kaipuke me ngā āhuatanga o te moana. He mea nui ngā kāpehu rori mō te whakatere tika, ā, ka taea te whakauru ki ētahi atu pūnaha pēnei i ngā pairati aunoa me te ECDIS hei āwhina i ngā kaipuke kia noho tonu ki te huarahi tika.
6. Paerata Aunoa
He pūnaha whakahaere aunoa te pailota-aunoa e whakamahia ana hei pupuri i te waka i runga i tētahi huarahi kua whakaritea i mua, me te kore e hiahiatia he wawaotanga tonu a te tangata. He mea tino nui tēnei hangarau mō ngā haerenga tawhiti, ā, ka whakaitihia te mahi a te kaiwhakatere. Ka honoa ngā pailota-aunoa ki ngā pūnaha whakatere pēnei i te GPS me te ECDIS hei whakarite i te whakatere tika me te whai hua.
7. Pūorooro
Ko te Sonar he tohu mō te Sound Navigation and Ranging, e whakamahi ana i ngā ngaru oro hei kimi i ngā mea kei raro i te mata o te moana. I roto i ngā mahi kaipuke, ka whakamahia te sonar mō ngā mahi maha pērā i te kimi i te papa moana, te karo i ngā maina me ētahi atu mea kei raro i te wai, me te āwhina i te rapu me te whakaora. E rua ngā momo sonar e whakamahia whānuitia ana: te sonar hohe, e tuku ana i ngā ngaru oro me te whiwhi i ō rātou whakaata, me te sonar kore mahi, e kite ana i ngā oro kei roto i te taiao raro i te wai anake.
8. Reo Irirangi VHF/DSC (Waea Whiriwhiri Mamati)
Ko te reo irirangi VHF (Auau Tino Teitei) te huarahi matua mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i te moana. Mā te hangarau DSC, ka taea e te reo irirangi VHF te tuku karere ohorere e whakarato aunoa ana i ngā mōhiohio mō te tuakiri me te taunga o te kaipuke ki ngā teihana takutai, ki ētahi atu kaipuke rānei i roto i te awhe. He mea nui te reo irirangi VHF/DSC mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o ia rā, me ngā āhuatanga ohorere hoki hei ripoata raruraru, hei tono āwhina rānei.
9. Ngā amiorangi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
Haunga te reo irirangi VHF, kei te piki haere te whanaketanga o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga kōrero amiorangi, ā, e kiia ana he wāhanga nui o te kaipuke hou. Mā ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhitinga kōrero amiorangi ka taea e ngā kaipuke te hono tonu ki uta, ahakoa i ngā rohe moana tino tawhiti. He painga nui tēnei ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi kaipuke, te tuku raraunga, me te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi.
10. Taputapu Punga
Ko te pūnaha here he taputapu e whakamahia ana hei pupuri i te kaipuke i a ia e noho ana i te tauranga, i tētahi atu wāhi rānei e tau ai. Kei roto ko ngā punga, ngā winihi, ngā taura, me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakarite kia mau tonu te kaipuke, kia kore ai e nekeneke nā te ngaru, nā te ia rānei. He mea nui tēnei pūnaha hei whakarite kia taea e ngā kaipuke te tau haumaru me te whai hua.
11. Pūnaha Aroturuki Mīhini
He mea nui ngā pūnaha aroturuki miihini i roto i ngā kaipuke hou hei whakarite kia pai te mahi a ngā miihini o ngā kaipuke. Kei roto i ēnei pūnaha ngā pūoko me ngā pūmanawa e aroturuki ana i te mahi a te miihini, te kai wahie, te pēhanga, te pāmahana, me ētahi atu tawhā nui. Mā ēnei raraunga ka āwhina ngā kaimahi ki te pupuri i te pai o te miihini me te tautuhi i ngā raruraru pea i mua i te kino rawa atu.
12. Ngā Taputapu Haumaru me te Whakaora
He mea nui ngā taputapu haumaru me te whakaora i te moana hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi me ngā pāhihi i ngā wā ohorere. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā koti ora, ngā waka ora, ngā rama tohu, ngā EPIRB (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons), me ngā SART (Search and Rescue Transponders). He mea nui te whakamahi i ēnei taputapu i runga anō i ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me te whakanui ake i ngā tūponotanga o te whakaoranga.
Whakamutunga
Nā ngā whanaketanga hangarau kua eke te mahi kaipuke hou ki tētahi taumata hou, me ngā taputapu matatau e whakarei ake ana i te haumaru, te whai huatanga, me te whakamarie. Kāore e taea te whakanui i te tūranga nui o ngā pūnaha whakatere GPS, ECDIS, radar, AIS, me ētahi atu taputapu pēnei i ngā gyrocompasses, ngā autopilots, te sonar, me ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero amiorangi i roto i te ao kaipuke o ēnei rā.
Ka nui ake te matatau o ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana mō te kaipuke, ka nui ake te kawenga o ngā kaiwhakatere moana me ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te mārama me te whakamahi tika i aua taputapu hei pupuri i te haumaru me te whai huatanga i te moana. I roto i tētahi taiao moana e whanake tonu ana, ko te auahatanga me te whakangungu tonu te mea nui ki te whakatutuki i ngā wero me te whakamahi i ngā whai wāhitanga.
