Te Mārama ki ngā Momo Pūtu me ngā Nati i roto i te Aunoatanga
I te ao motuka, he maha ngā wā ka kiia ngā pūtu me ngā nati he wāhanga iti, he wāhanga "koretake". Heoi, he mea nui tā rātou mahi ki te haumaru o te waka, ki te kaha o te hanganga, me te ngāwari o te tiaki. Mai i te miihini me te whakatārewatanga ki ngā pēra me te mahi tinana, ko te pakari me te kounga o ngā here pēnei i ngā pūtu me ngā nati te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki tēnei tuhinga. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo pūtu me ngā nati e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha motuka, ā rātou mahi, me ngā whakaaro nui ina whiriwhiria me te tāuta.
Te Mārama ki ngā Pūtu me ngā Nati i roto i te Aunoatanga
He pūmau miro te pūtu, he āhua tokotoko te āhua, e herea ana ki te nati, ki roto rānei i te kōhao kua patohia. Ko te nati, i tētahi atu ringa, he wāhanga miro ā-roto e whakamahia ana hei whakau i te pūtu. E mahi ana ngā mea e rua i runga i te mātāpono o te kaha piri hei pupuri i ngā wāhanga e rua, neke atu rānei.
I roto i ngā waka, kāore e taea te whiriwhiri noa i ngā pūtu me ngā nati, nā te mea me tu atu ki ngā kawenga hihiri, te wiri, te wera, te pānga ki te wai me te waikura. Nō reira, he mea nui ngā rahi paerewa, te kaha o ngā rauemi, me te hoahoa o te pane pūtu.
Ngā Momo Pūtu i roto i te Aunoatanga
1. Pūtu Hex
Koinei te momo pūtu waka tino noa. Ko tōna āhuatanga motuhake ko tōna pane hexagonal, e ngāwari ai te whakakī ki te kī, ki te mowhiti, ki te pūtu rānei. He maha ngā wā ka kitea ngā pūtu hexagonal i roto i ngā anga, ngā miihini, ngā whāriki, me ētahi atu wāhanga noa.
Te taikaha:
– He ngāwari ki te kimi, he ngāwari hoki ki te tāuta
– He maha ngā kōwhiringa rahi me ngā tohu kaha
2. Pūtu Flange
He "pereti" rānei kei raro i te pane o tēnei pūtu. He rite te mahi a te pere ki tētahi horoi kua hangaia hei whakawhānui i te horahanga pa, kia ōrite ai te tohatoha pēhanga, kia whakaitihia ai hoki te tūponotanga o te kino o te mata o te wāhanga.
Te tono whānui:
– Te whakairinga miihini
– Ngā whāriki whakatārewatanga māmā me ngā wāhanga
– Ngā wāhi e ngāwari ana te wetekina e te wiri
3. Pūtu Pūtu (Pūtu Pūtu/Upoko Pūtu)
He kōhao hexagonal (allen) kei te pane o te pūtu. He mea whakamahi noa i ngā wāhi kuiti nā te mea he kikī ake te āhua o tōna pane i te pūtu hexagonal noa.
Te tono whānui:
– Ētahi wāhanga miihini
– Ngā whakarerekētanga me ngā wāhanga hokohoko muri
– Ngā pūnaha pēki, ngā taputapu rānei e hiahia ana kia tika
4. Pūtu Tārewa (Pūtu Upoko Papatahi)
He papatahi, he whāiti te pane o ēnei pūtu kia uru pai ai ki te mata o te wāhanga. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ki ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana kia papatahi te mata hei karo i te whakararuraru i te nekehanga, i te tāutanga rānei o ētahi atu wāhanga.
Te tono whānui:
– Roto
– Ētahi panera tinana, ētahi whāriki rānei
– Ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana ki te ātaahua
5. Pūtu Whakapūmau
Ko te poupou he tokotoko e mirohia ana ki ngā pito e rua, e miro katoatia ana rānei, kāore he pane. I te nuinga o te wā, ka piri tonu tetahi pito ki te poraka miihini, ki tētahi atu wāhanga rānei, ko tetahi pito ka whakauhia ki te nati.
Te tono whānui:
– Te pūwero hau
– Pane rango (i ētahi hoahoa)
– Ngā pū wira i runga i ētahi waka
Te taikaha:
– He pumau ake mō te wetewete me te huihuinga anō
– Ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te pakaru tere o ngā miro o te wāhanga matua
6. Ngā Pūtu Tātari-ā-Whaiaro me te Pūtu Keri-ā-Whaiaro
Ka taea e ēnei pūtu te "miro-ā-unoa" i ētahi rauemi (ina koa ko ngā pereti angiangi). He rite te pito o ngā pūtu keri-ā-unoa ki te wiri, kia taea ai te uru atu me te kore e keri tuatahi.
Te tono whānui:
– Ngā panera tinana
– Ngā whakairinga kirihou me ngā whakapaipai o roto
– Ngā taputapu rama
7. U-Polt
He āhua "U" tōna, he miro kei ngā pito e rua. He mea whakamahi whānuitia hei whakapiri i ngā paipa, i ngā wāhanga porotaka rānei.
Te tono whānui:
– Pūnaha whakaputa hau (paipa)
– Ētahi whakatārewatanga (hei tauira, i runga i ngā puna rau waka arumoni)
8. Ngā Pūtu Wira/Ngā Pūtu Tūhono (ngā Tūhono Tūhono rānei)
Mō ngā wira, ko te pūnaha whakamau he nati lug me ngā pou lug, engari ko ētahi waka he pūtu lug (he pūtu wira e hono tika ana ki te hub).
Ngā Āhuatanga:
– I hangaia hei tu atu i ngā kawenga nui me ngā kaha kutikuti
– Me whakau ki te taipana e tika ana
Ngā momo nati i roto i te motuka
1. Nati Hex
He nati tapaono ngā nati paerewa. Koinei te mea e tino whakamahia ana mō ngā pūtu tapaono me ngā pūtu titi.
Taupānga:
– Tata ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te waka
2. Nati Flange
He rite te ariā ki te pūtu flange, he "pereti" kei tēnei nati i tetahi taha hei whakanui ake i te horahanga kōpeketanga. He pai mō ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te wiri.
3. Nati Maukati
He mea hanga ngā nati raka kia ātete ki te wetekina. He maha ngā momo rongonui:
– Nati Maukati Whakauru Nairona (Nyloc): he mowhiti nairona kei roto hei pupuri i te miro pūtu kia kore ai e wetekina ngāwari.
– Nati Maukati Whakarewa Katoa: ka whakamahia te whakarewa whakarerekētanga hei raka, he pai mō ngā wāhi wera (hei tauira, tata ki ngā putanga hau) nā te mea kāore he nairona ka taea te rewa.
– Nati Maukati Stover: tētahi o ngā momo whakarewa katoa e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mahi motuka.
4. Ngā Nati Wira (Nāti Wīra)
He mea hanga motuhake ngā nati wira mō ngā wira. He maha ngā tauira:
– Nohoanga Koneko/Whakawhāiti: ko te mea tino noa, ka āwhina te nohoanga koneko ki te whakapū i te wira.
– Nohoanga Pōro/Porowhita: he mea noa ake i ētahi waitohu Pākehā.
– Nohoanga Papatahi me te horoi: e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi hoahoa.
Me ōrite te kōwhiringa o ngā nati raka ki te hoahoa o te wira, nā te mea ka pā te āhua o te nohoanga ki te haumaru o te tāutanga.
5. Nati T (Nati-T) me te Nati Topenga (Nati-U/Nati Tere)
He mea kitea noa iho ngā nati topenga i ngā tinana me ngā roto o te motuka, ā, he rite ki te hononga rawhi ngā nati e mau ana ki ngā pereti angiangi, kia māmā ai te tāuta i ngā pūtu me te kore e hiahia ki te uru atu ki te nati mai i muri.
Taupānga:
– Raina ārai
– Ngā panera o roto
– Te pūmau tinana
6. Nati Kāreti
He kōhao rite ki te kāreti kei te tihi o ēnei nati, ā, he mea here ki te pine cotter. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te hurihanga o te nati i raro i te wiri me te kawenga.
Te tono whānui:
– Te whakatārewatanga me te urungi (kei te hoahoa o te waka)
– Ngā hononga e hiahia ana kia kaha te raka ā-mīhini
Rauemi Nati-Poro me te Taumata Kaha
I roto i ngā waka, ko ngā pūtu me ngā nati te mea e hangaia ana i:
– Te maitai waro (te mea tino noa)
– He maitai koranu (mō te kaha teitei)
– He kowiri tira (he ātete ake ki te waikura, engari kāore i te pai mō ētahi kawenga teitei)
– Konumohe, ko te titanium rānei (kāore i te tino kitea, he mea hanga mō te mahi pai/muri i te hokohoko)
Ko te kaha o te pūtu he mea tohu i te nuinga o te wā mā te tohu (hei tauira, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9 i roto i ngā paerewa ine). Ko te teitei ake o te tau, ko te kaha ake i te nuinga o te wā—engari kāore i te pai ake, nā te mea me ōrite hoki ngā wāhanga honohono me ngā whakaritenga taipana.
Ngā Mea Hira i te Wā e Kōwhiri ana, e Tāuta ana hoki i ngā Pūtu me ngā Nati
1. Me tika te rahi me te teitei o te miro. He rerekē ngā teitei o ngā miro ine (hei tauira, M10 x 1.25 me M10 x 1.5). Ka taea e te teitei hē te kino i ngā miro o te wāhanga.
2. Whakamahia te taipana kua tohua e te kaihanga. Mēnā he tino piri rawa ka totoro, ka whati rānei te pūtu, engari mēnā he tino wetekina, ka noho hei mea mōrearea.
3. Kia tūpato ki te whakamahinga o ngā whakakā me ngā raka. Ki ngā wāhi e wiri ana, whakamahia ngā whakakā raka, ngā nati raka, ngā whakakā miro rānei mēnā e taunakitia ana.
4. Ārai i te waikura. Ka ngāwari te waikura o ngā pūtu i raro i te motuka. Ka taea e te konutea, te paninga konutea, te paninga ārai-hopu rānei te āwhina i ētahi āhuatanga.
5. Kaua e whakararuraru i te nohoanga o te nati wira. Mō ngā wira, kia rite te āhua o te nohoanga o te nati wira ki te awhi kia tika ai, kia mau ai hoki te tāutanga o te wira.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea he whakapiripiri noa iho ngā pūtu me ngā nati o ngā waka, engari he wāhanga nui hoki e whakatau ana i te haumaru me te pono o te waka. Mai i ngā pūtu hex, ngā pūtu flange, ngā pūtu stud, ki ngā pūtu lug; tae atu ki ngā nati hex, ngā nati raka, ngā nati lug, me ngā nati castle—he mahi me ngā āhuatanga motuhake tō ia momo. Mā te mārama ki ngā momo, ka taea e koe te mahi tiaki waka, te whakatika, te whakarerekē rānei i runga i te haumaru me te tika.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o tēnei tuhinga (me ngā tūtohi rahi, ngā tauira māka, me ngā wāhi whakairinga ki ngā motuka), he putanga māmā ake rānei mō ngā tuhinga motuka tīmatanga.
